The Indian Ocean Rim-Association for Regional Cooperation(IOR-ARC)has been highlighted in recent years by the Indian Ocean region’s growing in strategic and economic importance and the impetus from the participation ...The Indian Ocean Rim-Association for Regional Cooperation(IOR-ARC)has been highlighted in recent years by the Indian Ocean region’s growing in strategic and economic importance and the impetus from the participation of the Middle Eastern countries.Many powers,including the U.S.,China,Iran,and India,are involved in this organization as members or dialogue partners,which expand the influence of the organization on the one hand,and stand in the way of the integration of the region under the framework of IOR-ARC due to complex contradiction among them on the other.The role of IOR-ARC in diplomacy of different powers is various from an economic platform for expanding market to a political tool for pursuing regional dominance without a common strategic focus.The IOR-ARC provides a shared public platform of geopolitics for stakeholders to prevent overlapping interests from causing conflicts,and the stumbled cooperation process after initial general enthusiasm also reflects diverging interests inside it.In this regard,powers are both driving and dragging force to the organization.The IOR-ARC is of great potential as it includes many emerging economics and fastest-growing markets.However,the future development and efficiency of it still depends on the relationships among global and regional powers under its framework.展开更多
This article attempts to take the formation of the Persian Gulf Escort Coalition after the oil tanker attack and detention as the starting point to discuss the bottom-line thinking of the parties involved in and the d...This article attempts to take the formation of the Persian Gulf Escort Coalition after the oil tanker attack and detention as the starting point to discuss the bottom-line thinking of the parties involved in and the dilemma of US“maximum pressure”.The“maximum pressure”is the product of zero-sum thinking.In the case of"maximum pressure",the allies may predict the worst outcome out of bottom-line thinking,which will change their support for the US,resulting in not only being unable to isolate their opponents,but also isolating the US itself.And in the case of"maximum pressure",the opponent will also prepare for the worst out of bottom-line thinking,which will easily make the contradictions more intensified and cause unnecessary strong backlash from the opponent.Under the guidance of bottom-line thinking,out of consideration of history or other factors,allies or opponents may make choices that are different from expectations,leading to the risk of strategic-misjudgment.In summary,the formation of the Escort Coalition in the Persian Gulf was an unsuccessful act of"maximum pressure",and the"maximum pressure"strategy that time did not achieve the expected results because of the bottom-line thinking of the allies.展开更多
文摘The Indian Ocean Rim-Association for Regional Cooperation(IOR-ARC)has been highlighted in recent years by the Indian Ocean region’s growing in strategic and economic importance and the impetus from the participation of the Middle Eastern countries.Many powers,including the U.S.,China,Iran,and India,are involved in this organization as members or dialogue partners,which expand the influence of the organization on the one hand,and stand in the way of the integration of the region under the framework of IOR-ARC due to complex contradiction among them on the other.The role of IOR-ARC in diplomacy of different powers is various from an economic platform for expanding market to a political tool for pursuing regional dominance without a common strategic focus.The IOR-ARC provides a shared public platform of geopolitics for stakeholders to prevent overlapping interests from causing conflicts,and the stumbled cooperation process after initial general enthusiasm also reflects diverging interests inside it.In this regard,powers are both driving and dragging force to the organization.The IOR-ARC is of great potential as it includes many emerging economics and fastest-growing markets.However,the future development and efficiency of it still depends on the relationships among global and regional powers under its framework.
文摘This article attempts to take the formation of the Persian Gulf Escort Coalition after the oil tanker attack and detention as the starting point to discuss the bottom-line thinking of the parties involved in and the dilemma of US“maximum pressure”.The“maximum pressure”is the product of zero-sum thinking.In the case of"maximum pressure",the allies may predict the worst outcome out of bottom-line thinking,which will change their support for the US,resulting in not only being unable to isolate their opponents,but also isolating the US itself.And in the case of"maximum pressure",the opponent will also prepare for the worst out of bottom-line thinking,which will easily make the contradictions more intensified and cause unnecessary strong backlash from the opponent.Under the guidance of bottom-line thinking,out of consideration of history or other factors,allies or opponents may make choices that are different from expectations,leading to the risk of strategic-misjudgment.In summary,the formation of the Escort Coalition in the Persian Gulf was an unsuccessful act of"maximum pressure",and the"maximum pressure"strategy that time did not achieve the expected results because of the bottom-line thinking of the allies.
