水果病虫害是影响果树正常生长、果品质量提高和果业持续健康发展的主要因素之一,加强水果病虫害的发生调查与监测预警,防范重大病虫害的发生与流行,对于我国水果产业的稳步向好发展具有重要意义。传统的人工调查方法费时、费力、人工...水果病虫害是影响果树正常生长、果品质量提高和果业持续健康发展的主要因素之一,加强水果病虫害的发生调查与监测预警,防范重大病虫害的发生与流行,对于我国水果产业的稳步向好发展具有重要意义。传统的人工调查方法费时、费力、人工成本高且效率很低,已不能满足规模化、专业化、智能化、高效率的现代农业需求。作为能够连续获得地球表面物质光谱信息的新一代遥感技术,高光谱遥感集空间、辐射和光谱等三维信息于一体,由传统的成像遥感的定性分析向定量或半定量分析转化,光谱分辨率和空间分辨率进一步提高,已发展为当前水果病虫害鉴别的重要技术。本文基于检索平台WOS(Web of Science)和中国知网(China National Knowledge Infrastructure,简称CNKI)对水果病虫害高光谱遥感的国内外研究现状进行梳理分析,通过检索截至2021年12月31日该领域发表的相关文献,对发文年限、发文国家、主要机构、学科方向、研究关切等数据源进行了阐述分析;然后对当前水果病虫害高光谱遥感研究的五大高度关注点:病虫害早期诊断、光谱响应分析、不同病虫害识别、病虫害危害度定量分析与水果病虫害无损检测等应用领域的研究现状、遥感机理和技术方法进行了深入剖析,最后从水果病虫害图谱库建设、“星-空-地”遥感平台协同、模型方法的综合运用以及各类遥感系统综合应用方面提出展望。展开更多
It is urgent to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions to actively deal with global warming.This paper investigates Shandong Province,a typical province of energy consumption,as the research object,aiming to op...It is urgent to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions to actively deal with global warming.This paper investigates Shandong Province,a typical province of energy consumption,as the research object,aiming to optimize total energy consumption and consumption structure in the future planning year.This paper constructs a methodological system to optimize energy consumption structure in Shandong Province,using a scenario combination of system dynamics(SD)prediction and analysis based on the coupling of key scenario elements affecting different energy consumption from different perspectives.Structural equation modeling and SD sensitivity analysis indicate an overlap between key factors restricting energy consumption.Pairing the key scenario factors can better reflect the internal mechanism of energy consumption development.Based on this,21 scenarios based on different combinations of the key elements are constructed.Through SD prediction and analysis,the most suitable scenario mode for optimizing energy consumption structure in Shandong Province is selected.This paper provides a suitable development range for the average gross domestic product growth rate,the proportion of secondary industry,energy consumption intensity of secondary industry,and the urbanization rate for Shandong Province.This paper can provide a reference for similar research and the government in formulating the optimization scheme of energy consumption structure.展开更多
Anti-icing coatings on outdoor infrastructures inevitably suffer from mechanical injuries in numerous icing scenarios such as hailstorms,sandstorms,impacts of foreign objects,and icing–deicing cycles.Herein,the mecha...Anti-icing coatings on outdoor infrastructures inevitably suffer from mechanical injuries in numerous icing scenarios such as hailstorms,sandstorms,impacts of foreign objects,and icing–deicing cycles.Herein,the mechanisms of surface-defect-induced icing are clarified.At the defects,water molecules exhibit stronger adsorption and the heat transfer rate increases,accelerating the condensation of water vapor as well as ice nucleation and propagation.Moreover,the ice–defect interlocking structure increases the ice adhesion strength.Thus,a self-healing(at−20°C)antifreeze-protein(AFP)-inspired anti-icing coating is developed.The coating is based on a design that mimics the ice-binding and non-ice-binding sites in AFPs.It enables the coating to markedly inhibit ice nucleation(nucleation temperature<−29.4°C),prevent ice propagation(propagation rate<0.00048 cm^(2)/s),and reduce ice adhesion on the surface(adhesion strength<38.9 kPa).More importantly,the coating can also autonomously self-heal at−20°C,as a result of multiple dynamic bonds in its structure,to inhibit defect-induced icing processes.The healed coating sustains high anti-icing and deicing performance even under various extreme conditions.This work reveals the in-depth mechanism of defect-induced ice formation as well as adhesion,and proposes a self-healing anti-icing coating for outdoor infrastructures.展开更多
文摘水果病虫害是影响果树正常生长、果品质量提高和果业持续健康发展的主要因素之一,加强水果病虫害的发生调查与监测预警,防范重大病虫害的发生与流行,对于我国水果产业的稳步向好发展具有重要意义。传统的人工调查方法费时、费力、人工成本高且效率很低,已不能满足规模化、专业化、智能化、高效率的现代农业需求。作为能够连续获得地球表面物质光谱信息的新一代遥感技术,高光谱遥感集空间、辐射和光谱等三维信息于一体,由传统的成像遥感的定性分析向定量或半定量分析转化,光谱分辨率和空间分辨率进一步提高,已发展为当前水果病虫害鉴别的重要技术。本文基于检索平台WOS(Web of Science)和中国知网(China National Knowledge Infrastructure,简称CNKI)对水果病虫害高光谱遥感的国内外研究现状进行梳理分析,通过检索截至2021年12月31日该领域发表的相关文献,对发文年限、发文国家、主要机构、学科方向、研究关切等数据源进行了阐述分析;然后对当前水果病虫害高光谱遥感研究的五大高度关注点:病虫害早期诊断、光谱响应分析、不同病虫害识别、病虫害危害度定量分析与水果病虫害无损检测等应用领域的研究现状、遥感机理和技术方法进行了深入剖析,最后从水果病虫害图谱库建设、“星-空-地”遥感平台协同、模型方法的综合运用以及各类遥感系统综合应用方面提出展望。
文摘It is urgent to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions to actively deal with global warming.This paper investigates Shandong Province,a typical province of energy consumption,as the research object,aiming to optimize total energy consumption and consumption structure in the future planning year.This paper constructs a methodological system to optimize energy consumption structure in Shandong Province,using a scenario combination of system dynamics(SD)prediction and analysis based on the coupling of key scenario elements affecting different energy consumption from different perspectives.Structural equation modeling and SD sensitivity analysis indicate an overlap between key factors restricting energy consumption.Pairing the key scenario factors can better reflect the internal mechanism of energy consumption development.Based on this,21 scenarios based on different combinations of the key elements are constructed.Through SD prediction and analysis,the most suitable scenario mode for optimizing energy consumption structure in Shandong Province is selected.This paper provides a suitable development range for the average gross domestic product growth rate,the proportion of secondary industry,energy consumption intensity of secondary industry,and the urbanization rate for Shandong Province.This paper can provide a reference for similar research and the government in formulating the optimization scheme of energy consumption structure.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2104800 and 2021YFC2100800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22078238,21908160,and 21961132005).
文摘Anti-icing coatings on outdoor infrastructures inevitably suffer from mechanical injuries in numerous icing scenarios such as hailstorms,sandstorms,impacts of foreign objects,and icing–deicing cycles.Herein,the mechanisms of surface-defect-induced icing are clarified.At the defects,water molecules exhibit stronger adsorption and the heat transfer rate increases,accelerating the condensation of water vapor as well as ice nucleation and propagation.Moreover,the ice–defect interlocking structure increases the ice adhesion strength.Thus,a self-healing(at−20°C)antifreeze-protein(AFP)-inspired anti-icing coating is developed.The coating is based on a design that mimics the ice-binding and non-ice-binding sites in AFPs.It enables the coating to markedly inhibit ice nucleation(nucleation temperature<−29.4°C),prevent ice propagation(propagation rate<0.00048 cm^(2)/s),and reduce ice adhesion on the surface(adhesion strength<38.9 kPa).More importantly,the coating can also autonomously self-heal at−20°C,as a result of multiple dynamic bonds in its structure,to inhibit defect-induced icing processes.The healed coating sustains high anti-icing and deicing performance even under various extreme conditions.This work reveals the in-depth mechanism of defect-induced ice formation as well as adhesion,and proposes a self-healing anti-icing coating for outdoor infrastructures.
