阳极氧化法可以直接在铜集流体表面生成铜氧化物转化膜以提高电极性能。采用恒电流阳极氧化一步法和两步法在高纯铜片上制备铜氧化物转化膜,对转化膜的形貌和物相进行表征和分析,并探索其比电容特性。结果表明:通过对电流密度、温度和...阳极氧化法可以直接在铜集流体表面生成铜氧化物转化膜以提高电极性能。采用恒电流阳极氧化一步法和两步法在高纯铜片上制备铜氧化物转化膜,对转化膜的形貌和物相进行表征和分析,并探索其比电容特性。结果表明:通过对电流密度、温度和添加剂的优化,采用一步法可以直接在高纯铜片表面获得CuO和Cu2O两相共存的纳米片阵列转化膜;阳极氧化两步法首先在高纯铜片获得氢氧化铜转化膜,然后通过煅烧处理得到铜氧化物纳米线阵列转化膜,组成主要为CuO,伴有少量的Cu2O。两种方法获得的铜氧化物转化膜电极的面积比电容在1m A/cm^2的电流密度下,分别能达到108 m F/cm^2和96 m F/cm^2。同时由于纳米线阵列转化膜具有较高的比表面积,是一种理想的基底材料,通过进一步的复合改性有望获得更佳的电化学性能。展开更多
Lung cancer, being the most common cancer type, accounts for 13% of all newly diagnosed malignant tumors globally each year. Small cell lung cancer(SCLC) accounts for approximately 15% of newly diagnosed lung cancers ...Lung cancer, being the most common cancer type, accounts for 13% of all newly diagnosed malignant tumors globally each year. Small cell lung cancer(SCLC) accounts for approximately 15% of newly diagnosed lung cancers each year, but its annual death toll accounts for 25% of that of lung cancer. We summarized relevant clinical studies to elaborate the epidemiology, pathological and clinical characteristics and the treatment status of small cell lung cancer. This paper first described the epidemiology and the pathological and clinical characteristics of SCLC and the systematic treatment of extensive-stage SCLC and then introduced the current targeted therapy and immunotherapy for SCLC to provide clinicians and patients with a more systematic, comprehensive, and beneficial treatment regimen. We expect that these studies can provide clinicians with a clear direction in molecularly targeted therapy or immunotherapy, so that a treatment approach with better antitumor effects and longer-lasting clinical benefits can be provided to the patients.展开更多
Objective Tumor-infiltrating immune cells and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment(TME)significantly affect the prognosis of and immune response to lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD).In this study,we aimed to develop a ...Objective Tumor-infiltrating immune cells and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment(TME)significantly affect the prognosis of and immune response to lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD).In this study,we aimed to develop a novel TME-related prognostic model based on immune and stromal genes in LUAD.Methods LUAD data from the TCGA database were used as the training cohort,and three Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)datasets were used as the testing cohort.The Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumor tissues using Expression data algorithm was used to analyze the immune and stromal genes involved in the TME.Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to identify prognostic genes and construct a TME-related prognostic model.Gene set enrichment analysis and TIMER were used to analyze the immune features and signaling pathways of the model.Results A TME-related prognostic model based on six hub genes was generated that significantly stratified patients into the high-and low-risk groups in terms of overall survival.The model had strong predictive ability in both the training(TCGA)and testing(GEO)datasets and could serve as an independent prognostic factor for LUAD.Moreover,the low-risk group was characterized by greater immune cell infiltration and antitumor immune activity than the high-risk group.Importantly,the signature was closely associated with immune checkpoint molecules,which may serve as a predictor of patient response to immunotherapy.Finally,the hub genes BTK,CD28,INHA,PIK3CG,TLR4,and VEGFD were considered novel prognostic biomarkers for LUAD and were significantly correlated with immune cells.Conclusion The TME-related prognostic model could effectively predict the prognosis and reflect the TME status of LUAD.These six hub genes provided novel insights into the development of new therapeutic strategies.展开更多
Due to the stochastic and correlated attributes of natural inflows, the mid-term generation scheduling problem for cascaded hydro systems is a very challenging issue.This paper proposes a novel stochastic optimization...Due to the stochastic and correlated attributes of natural inflows, the mid-term generation scheduling problem for cascaded hydro systems is a very challenging issue.This paper proposes a novel stochastic optimization algorithm using Latin hypercube sampling and Cholesky decomposition combined with scenario bundling and sensitivity analysis(LC-SB-SA) to address this problem.To deal with the uncertainty of natural inflows, Latin hypercube sampling is implemented to provide an adequate number of sampling scenarios efficiently, and Cholesky decomposition is introduced to describe the correlated natural inflows among cascaded stations.In addition, to overcome the difficulties in solving the objectives of all the scenarios, scenario bundling and sensitivity analysis algorithms are developed to improve the computational efficiency.Simulation results from both two-station and tenstation systems indicate that the proposed method has the merits in accuracy as well as calculation speed for the midterm cascaded hydro generation scheduling.The consideration of natural inflow correlation makes the formulated problem more realistic.展开更多
文摘阳极氧化法可以直接在铜集流体表面生成铜氧化物转化膜以提高电极性能。采用恒电流阳极氧化一步法和两步法在高纯铜片上制备铜氧化物转化膜,对转化膜的形貌和物相进行表征和分析,并探索其比电容特性。结果表明:通过对电流密度、温度和添加剂的优化,采用一步法可以直接在高纯铜片表面获得CuO和Cu2O两相共存的纳米片阵列转化膜;阳极氧化两步法首先在高纯铜片获得氢氧化铜转化膜,然后通过煅烧处理得到铜氧化物纳米线阵列转化膜,组成主要为CuO,伴有少量的Cu2O。两种方法获得的铜氧化物转化膜电极的面积比电容在1m A/cm^2的电流密度下,分别能达到108 m F/cm^2和96 m F/cm^2。同时由于纳米线阵列转化膜具有较高的比表面积,是一种理想的基底材料,通过进一步的复合改性有望获得更佳的电化学性能。
文摘Lung cancer, being the most common cancer type, accounts for 13% of all newly diagnosed malignant tumors globally each year. Small cell lung cancer(SCLC) accounts for approximately 15% of newly diagnosed lung cancers each year, but its annual death toll accounts for 25% of that of lung cancer. We summarized relevant clinical studies to elaborate the epidemiology, pathological and clinical characteristics and the treatment status of small cell lung cancer. This paper first described the epidemiology and the pathological and clinical characteristics of SCLC and the systematic treatment of extensive-stage SCLC and then introduced the current targeted therapy and immunotherapy for SCLC to provide clinicians and patients with a more systematic, comprehensive, and beneficial treatment regimen. We expect that these studies can provide clinicians with a clear direction in molecularly targeted therapy or immunotherapy, so that a treatment approach with better antitumor effects and longer-lasting clinical benefits can be provided to the patients.
基金Supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81772471 and 82172716).
文摘Objective Tumor-infiltrating immune cells and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment(TME)significantly affect the prognosis of and immune response to lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD).In this study,we aimed to develop a novel TME-related prognostic model based on immune and stromal genes in LUAD.Methods LUAD data from the TCGA database were used as the training cohort,and three Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)datasets were used as the testing cohort.The Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumor tissues using Expression data algorithm was used to analyze the immune and stromal genes involved in the TME.Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to identify prognostic genes and construct a TME-related prognostic model.Gene set enrichment analysis and TIMER were used to analyze the immune features and signaling pathways of the model.Results A TME-related prognostic model based on six hub genes was generated that significantly stratified patients into the high-and low-risk groups in terms of overall survival.The model had strong predictive ability in both the training(TCGA)and testing(GEO)datasets and could serve as an independent prognostic factor for LUAD.Moreover,the low-risk group was characterized by greater immune cell infiltration and antitumor immune activity than the high-risk group.Importantly,the signature was closely associated with immune checkpoint molecules,which may serve as a predictor of patient response to immunotherapy.Finally,the hub genes BTK,CD28,INHA,PIK3CG,TLR4,and VEGFD were considered novel prognostic biomarkers for LUAD and were significantly correlated with immune cells.Conclusion The TME-related prognostic model could effectively predict the prognosis and reflect the TME status of LUAD.These six hub genes provided novel insights into the development of new therapeutic strategies.
基金supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51507100)in part by Shanghai Sailing Program (No.15YF1404600)+1 种基金in part by ‘‘Chen Guang’’ project supported by Shanghai Municipal Education CommissionShanghai Education Development Foundation (No.14CG55)
文摘Due to the stochastic and correlated attributes of natural inflows, the mid-term generation scheduling problem for cascaded hydro systems is a very challenging issue.This paper proposes a novel stochastic optimization algorithm using Latin hypercube sampling and Cholesky decomposition combined with scenario bundling and sensitivity analysis(LC-SB-SA) to address this problem.To deal with the uncertainty of natural inflows, Latin hypercube sampling is implemented to provide an adequate number of sampling scenarios efficiently, and Cholesky decomposition is introduced to describe the correlated natural inflows among cascaded stations.In addition, to overcome the difficulties in solving the objectives of all the scenarios, scenario bundling and sensitivity analysis algorithms are developed to improve the computational efficiency.Simulation results from both two-station and tenstation systems indicate that the proposed method has the merits in accuracy as well as calculation speed for the midterm cascaded hydro generation scheduling.The consideration of natural inflow correlation makes the formulated problem more realistic.
