This study was designed to investigate the different involvements of prostatic stromal cells from the normal transitional zone(TZ)or peripheral zone(PZ)in the carcinogenesis of prostate cancer(PCa)epithelial cells(PC-...This study was designed to investigate the different involvements of prostatic stromal cells from the normal transitional zone(TZ)or peripheral zone(PZ)in the carcinogenesis of prostate cancer(PCa)epithelial cells(PC-3)in vitro and in vivo co-culture models.Ultra-structures and gene expression profiles of primary cultures of human prostatic stromal cells from the normal TZ or PZ were analyzed by electron microscopy and microarray analysis.In vitro and in vivo co-culture models composed of normal TZ or PZ stromal cells and human PCa PC-3 cells were established.We assessed tumor growth and weight in the in vivo nude mice model.There are morphological and ultra-structural differences in stromal cells from TZ and PZ of the normal prostate.In all,514 differentially expressed genes were selected by microarray analysis;483 genes were more highly expressed in stromal cells from TZ and 31 were more highly expressed in those from PZ.Co-culture with PZ stromal cells and transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)increased the tumor growth of PC-3 cells in vitro and in vivo,as well as Bcl-2 expression.On the other hand,stromal cells of TZ suppressed PC-3 cell tumor growth in the mouse model.We conclude that ultra-structures and gene expression differ between the stromal cells from TZ or PZ of the normal prostate,and stroma-epithelium interactions from TZ or PZ might be responsible for the distinct zonal localization of prostate tumor formation.展开更多
Aim:To study the characteristic pattern of the age-related growth of the human prostate gland.Methods:The volume (weight) of the prostate in 1,601 males,aged from newborn to 92 years,was determined by Bultrasonography...Aim:To study the characteristic pattern of the age-related growth of the human prostate gland.Methods:The volume (weight) of the prostate in 1,601 males,aged from newborn to 92 years,was determined by Bultrasonography.Results:Prostatic volume determination by B-ultrasonography in 1601 males (1301 normal subjects and 300 BPH patients) pointed out that the age-stratified growth of human prostate could be categorized into 4 life stages:(1) the first slow growing phase(from newborn to 9 years):the prostate grows slowly at a rate of 0.14g per year;(2)the first rapid growing phase (from 10 to 30 years):the prostate grows at a rate of 0.84g per year;(3)the second slow growing phase (from 30 to 50 years),the prostate grows at a rate of 0.21g per year;(4)the second rapid growing phase (from 50 to 90 years):the prostate grows at one of the following rates:in one group the growth rate is of 0.50g per year and in the other 1.20g per year,leading to benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH).Conclusion:The volumes of the prostate are different in different age groups and it grows with age at different rates in four life phases.The prostate growth in phases can be expressed by the following equation:Y=19.36+1.36X'-0.58X'^2+0.33X'^3,where Y=prostate volume,X=age(up to 70 years),X'=(X-35.5)/10.展开更多
本研究通过观察2微米激光犬前列腺切除术(two-micronlaser resection of the prostate,TmLRP)后前列腺部尿道创伤修复病理组织学改变,探讨前列腺部尿道创面再上皮化方式并评估该再上皮化方式的效果。选取15只成年健康雄性中华田园...本研究通过观察2微米激光犬前列腺切除术(two-micronlaser resection of the prostate,TmLRP)后前列腺部尿道创伤修复病理组织学改变,探讨前列腺部尿道创面再上皮化方式并评估该再上皮化方式的效果。选取15只成年健康雄性中华田园犬,分别行2微米激光前列腺汽化切除术及部分膀胱颈黏膜切除术,于术后3天、1、2、3及4周处死动物,留取前列腺部尿道及膀胱颈标本,苏木素伊红染色(Hematoxylin eosin,HE)染色光镜下观察创面再上皮化病理组织学改变,免疫组织化学染色检测前列腺部尿道创面细胞角蛋白14(Cytokeratin,CK14)、CK5、 CK18 , 突触素(Synaptophysin,Syn)、嗜铬素(Chromogranin A , CgA)、尿斑蛋白(uroplakin)、转化生长因子β1 (Transforming growth factor-β1, TGF-β1)和转化生长因子βII受体(Transforming growth factor-β type II receptor,TGF-βRI I)的表达,实时定量PCR方法检测前列腺部尿道创面CK14、CK5、CK18和Syn mRNA表达,Van Gieson染色分别检测前列腺部尿道和膀胱颈创面胶原纤维表达量。结果显示,前列腺部尿道由创面下残余前列腺上皮细胞增殖、迁移再分化完成再上皮化过程;创面下增殖的前列腺上皮细胞表达CK14,CK5,不表达CK18、Sy n和CgA,再生上皮术后3周开始表达uroplakin。增殖的前列腺细胞和再生上皮高表达TGF-β1和TGF-β RII,表达强度与创面修复再上皮化时间密切相关。与膀胱颈创面相比,前列腺部尿道创面再上皮化完成快,创面下胶原纤维形成少。因此,源自创面下前列腺基底细胞的再上皮化方式可能是机体实现由解剖修复到功能修复的最佳修复方式。展开更多
This study compared the diagnostic efficacy of transrectal ultrasound(TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy(TRBx)and transperineal prostate biopsy(TPBx)in patients with suspected prostate cancer(PCa).We enrolled 2962 men who u...This study compared the diagnostic efficacy of transrectal ultrasound(TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy(TRBx)and transperineal prostate biopsy(TPBx)in patients with suspected prostate cancer(PCa).We enrolled 2962 men who underwent transrectal(n=1216)or transperineal(n=1746)systematic 12-core prostate biopsy.Clinical data including age,prostate-specific antigen(PSA)level,and prostate volume(PV)were recorded.To minimize confounding,we performed propensity score-matching analysis?We measured and compared PCa detection rates between TRBx and TPBx,which were stratified by clinical characteristics and Gleason scores.The effects of clinical characteristics on PCa detection rate were assessed by logistic regression.For all patients,TPBx detected a higher proportion of clinically significant PCa(P<0.001).Logistic regression analyses illustrated that PV had a smaller impact on PCa detection rate of TPBx compared with TRBx.Propensity score-matching analysis showed that the detection rates in TRBx were higher than those in TPBx for patients aged≥80 years(80.4%vs 56.5%,P=0.004)and with PSA level 20.1-100.0 ng ml^-1(80.8%vs 69.1%,P=0.040).In conclusion,TPBx was associated with a higher detection rate of clinically significant PCa than TRBx was;however,because of the high detection rate at certain ages and PSA levels,biopsy approaches should be optimized according to patents'clinical characteristics.展开更多
We conducted the present study to assess the correlation of the prostatic anatomical parameters,especially the ratio of peripheral zone thickness and transitional zone thickness,with clinical and uroflowmetry characte...We conducted the present study to assess the correlation of the prostatic anatomical parameters,especially the ratio of peripheral zone thickness and transitional zone thickness,with clinical and uroflowmetry characteristics suggestive of benign prostate hyperplasia(BPH).A total of 468 consecutive patients with a detailed medical history were identified.All patients were evaluated by scoring subjective symptoms with the International Prostate Symptom Score(IPSS)and quality of life(QoL).The prostatic anatomical parameters were measured using transrectal ultrasonography,and postvoid residual urine and maximum flow rate(Q_(max))values were also determined.Pearsonfs correlation analysis revealed that both total prostate volume(TPV;r=0.160,P<0.001)and transitional zone volume(TZV;r=0.104,P=0.016)increased with patients7 age;however,no correlations were observed of TPV,TZV,transitional zone index(TZI),and transitional zone thickness(TZT)with IPSS or QoL(all P>0.05).Peripheral to transitional zone index(PTI)was found negatively correlated with total IPSS(r=-0.113,P=0.024),storage IPSS(r=-0.103,P=0.041),and voiding IPSS(r=-0.123,P-0.014).As regards the uroflowmetry characteristics,PTI(r=0.157,P=0.007)was indicated to be positively correlated with Q_(max)and negatively correlated with TZI(r=-0.119,P=0.042)and TZT(r=-0.118,P=0.045),but not correlated with TPV,TZV,or peripheral zone thickness(PZT)(all P>0.05).Postvoid residual urine(PVR)had not correlated with all the prostatic anatomical variables(all P>0.05).This is the first study that formally proposed the concept of PTI,which is an easy-to-measure prostate anatomical parameter which significantly correlates with total IPSS,storage IPSS,voiding IPSS,and Q_(max),suggesting that PTI would be useful in evaluating and managing men with lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS)/BPH.However,well-designed studies are mandatory to verify the clinical utility of PTI.展开更多
Peripheral nerve damage,such as that found after surgery or trauma,is a substantial clinical challenge.Much research continues in attempts to improve outcomes after peripheral nerve damage and to promote nerve repair ...Peripheral nerve damage,such as that found after surgery or trauma,is a substantial clinical challenge.Much research continues in attempts to improve outcomes after peripheral nerve damage and to promote nerve repair after injury.In recent years,low-intensity pulsed ultrasound(LIPUS)has been studied as a potential method of stimulating peripheral nerve regeneration.In this review,the physiology of peripheral nerve regeneration is reviewed,and the experiments employing LIPUS to improve peripheral nerve regeneration are discussed.Application of LIPUS following nerve surgery may promote nerve regeneration and improve functional outcomes through a variety of proposed mechanisms.These include an increase of neurotrophic factors,Schwann cell(SC)activation,cellular signaling activations,and induction of mitosis.We searched PubMed for articles related to these topics in both in vitro and in vivo animal research models.We found numerous studies,suggesting that LIPUS following nerve surgery promotes nerve regeneration and improves functional outcomes.Based on these findings,LIPUS could be a novel and valuable treatment for nerve injury-induced erectile dysfunction.展开更多
Erectile dysfunctio n attributable to testosterone deficiency is less comm on in young males,and the effect of estradiol on erectile function in eug on adal young males is un clear.We an a lyzed data from 195 male par...Erectile dysfunctio n attributable to testosterone deficiency is less comm on in young males,and the effect of estradiol on erectile function in eug on adal young males is un clear.We an a lyzed data from 195 male participa nts,including 143 eug on adal patients with erectile dysfunction and 52 healthy men.To distinguish psychogenic and organic erectile dysfunction,penile rigidity was measured using the nocturnal penile tumescenee rigidity test.Serum levels of sexual hormones were quantified by electrochemiluminescence,and penile vascular status was assessed by penile color Doppler ultrasound.Both serum estradiol levels and the ratio of estradiol to testosterone were higher in patients with organic erectile dysfunction than in patients with psychogenic erectile dysfunction or healthy controls.Organic erectile dysfunction was negatively associated with estradiol levels and the ratio of estradiol to testosterone,and estradiol was the only sign ifica nt risk factor for orga nic erectile dysf un ction(odds ratio:1.094;95%con fide nee interval:1.042-1.149,P=0.000).Moreover,serum estradiol levels were negatively correlated with penile rigidity.Serum estradiol levels were higher and penile rigidity was lower in patients with venous erectile dysfunction than in patients with nonvascular erectile dysf unction.We con elude that elevated serum estradiol levels may impair erectile function and may be involved in the pathoge nesis of organic erectile dysfunction in eugonadal young men.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30672109).
文摘This study was designed to investigate the different involvements of prostatic stromal cells from the normal transitional zone(TZ)or peripheral zone(PZ)in the carcinogenesis of prostate cancer(PCa)epithelial cells(PC-3)in vitro and in vivo co-culture models.Ultra-structures and gene expression profiles of primary cultures of human prostatic stromal cells from the normal TZ or PZ were analyzed by electron microscopy and microarray analysis.In vitro and in vivo co-culture models composed of normal TZ or PZ stromal cells and human PCa PC-3 cells were established.We assessed tumor growth and weight in the in vivo nude mice model.There are morphological and ultra-structural differences in stromal cells from TZ and PZ of the normal prostate.In all,514 differentially expressed genes were selected by microarray analysis;483 genes were more highly expressed in stromal cells from TZ and 31 were more highly expressed in those from PZ.Co-culture with PZ stromal cells and transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)increased the tumor growth of PC-3 cells in vitro and in vivo,as well as Bcl-2 expression.On the other hand,stromal cells of TZ suppressed PC-3 cell tumor growth in the mouse model.We conclude that ultra-structures and gene expression differ between the stromal cells from TZ or PZ of the normal prostate,and stroma-epithelium interactions from TZ or PZ might be responsible for the distinct zonal localization of prostate tumor formation.
基金Presented at the First Asia-Pacific Forum on Andrology, 17-21 Oct 2002, Shanghai, China
文摘Aim:To study the characteristic pattern of the age-related growth of the human prostate gland.Methods:The volume (weight) of the prostate in 1,601 males,aged from newborn to 92 years,was determined by Bultrasonography.Results:Prostatic volume determination by B-ultrasonography in 1601 males (1301 normal subjects and 300 BPH patients) pointed out that the age-stratified growth of human prostate could be categorized into 4 life stages:(1) the first slow growing phase(from newborn to 9 years):the prostate grows slowly at a rate of 0.14g per year;(2)the first rapid growing phase (from 10 to 30 years):the prostate grows at a rate of 0.84g per year;(3)the second slow growing phase (from 30 to 50 years),the prostate grows at a rate of 0.21g per year;(4)the second rapid growing phase (from 50 to 90 years):the prostate grows at one of the following rates:in one group the growth rate is of 0.50g per year and in the other 1.20g per year,leading to benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH).Conclusion:The volumes of the prostate are different in different age groups and it grows with age at different rates in four life phases.The prostate growth in phases can be expressed by the following equation:Y=19.36+1.36X'-0.58X'^2+0.33X'^3,where Y=prostate volume,X=age(up to 70 years),X'=(X-35.5)/10.
基金We are grateful to the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30600618) and the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (Grant No. 07QA14037) for their financial support. We thank Professor Qi-Xiang Guo and Liang Ding for providing the DHT-PROTAC.
基金ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was supported by the Innovation Program of the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (No. 102216) and by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81072096).
基金This work was supported by the Innovation Program of the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (No. 102216) and by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81072096 and No. 81072114).
基金ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (81260119) and the Guizhou Science and Technology Agency Fund ([201214013 SZ201213077]+1 种基金 SY2011 [3024] LS2011 [020]).
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81570682,No.81772746,and No.81870516)the grants from Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau(No.2013ZYJB0102).
文摘This study compared the diagnostic efficacy of transrectal ultrasound(TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy(TRBx)and transperineal prostate biopsy(TPBx)in patients with suspected prostate cancer(PCa).We enrolled 2962 men who underwent transrectal(n=1216)or transperineal(n=1746)systematic 12-core prostate biopsy.Clinical data including age,prostate-specific antigen(PSA)level,and prostate volume(PV)were recorded.To minimize confounding,we performed propensity score-matching analysis?We measured and compared PCa detection rates between TRBx and TPBx,which were stratified by clinical characteristics and Gleason scores.The effects of clinical characteristics on PCa detection rate were assessed by logistic regression.For all patients,TPBx detected a higher proportion of clinically significant PCa(P<0.001).Logistic regression analyses illustrated that PV had a smaller impact on PCa detection rate of TPBx compared with TRBx.Propensity score-matching analysis showed that the detection rates in TRBx were higher than those in TPBx for patients aged≥80 years(80.4%vs 56.5%,P=0.004)and with PSA level 20.1-100.0 ng ml^-1(80.8%vs 69.1%,P=0.040).In conclusion,TPBx was associated with a higher detection rate of clinically significant PCa than TRBx was;however,because of the high detection rate at certain ages and PSA levels,biopsy approaches should be optimized according to patents'clinical characteristics.
基金This study was supported by grants from the research program of National Science Foundation of China(No.81860141)Health and Family Planning Commission of Guizhou Province Foundation(No.gzwjkj2017-1-032)Doctoral Foundation of Guizhou Provincial Peoples Hospital(No.GZSYBS[2016]11).
文摘We conducted the present study to assess the correlation of the prostatic anatomical parameters,especially the ratio of peripheral zone thickness and transitional zone thickness,with clinical and uroflowmetry characteristics suggestive of benign prostate hyperplasia(BPH).A total of 468 consecutive patients with a detailed medical history were identified.All patients were evaluated by scoring subjective symptoms with the International Prostate Symptom Score(IPSS)and quality of life(QoL).The prostatic anatomical parameters were measured using transrectal ultrasonography,and postvoid residual urine and maximum flow rate(Q_(max))values were also determined.Pearsonfs correlation analysis revealed that both total prostate volume(TPV;r=0.160,P<0.001)and transitional zone volume(TZV;r=0.104,P=0.016)increased with patients7 age;however,no correlations were observed of TPV,TZV,transitional zone index(TZI),and transitional zone thickness(TZT)with IPSS or QoL(all P>0.05).Peripheral to transitional zone index(PTI)was found negatively correlated with total IPSS(r=-0.113,P=0.024),storage IPSS(r=-0.103,P=0.041),and voiding IPSS(r=-0.123,P-0.014).As regards the uroflowmetry characteristics,PTI(r=0.157,P=0.007)was indicated to be positively correlated with Q_(max)and negatively correlated with TZI(r=-0.119,P=0.042)and TZT(r=-0.118,P=0.045),but not correlated with TPV,TZV,or peripheral zone thickness(PZT)(all P>0.05).Postvoid residual urine(PVR)had not correlated with all the prostatic anatomical variables(all P>0.05).This is the first study that formally proposed the concept of PTI,which is an easy-to-measure prostate anatomical parameter which significantly correlates with total IPSS,storage IPSS,voiding IPSS,and Q_(max),suggesting that PTI would be useful in evaluating and managing men with lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS)/BPH.However,well-designed studies are mandatory to verify the clinical utility of PTI.
基金Army,Navy,NIH,Air Force,VA and Health Affairs to support the AFIRM II effort,under Award number W81XWH-13-2-0052,and NIDDK of the National Institutes of Health under award nu 1m ber er 1R01DK105097-01A1The U.S.Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity,820 Chandler Street,Fort Detrick MD 21702-5014。
文摘Peripheral nerve damage,such as that found after surgery or trauma,is a substantial clinical challenge.Much research continues in attempts to improve outcomes after peripheral nerve damage and to promote nerve repair after injury.In recent years,low-intensity pulsed ultrasound(LIPUS)has been studied as a potential method of stimulating peripheral nerve regeneration.In this review,the physiology of peripheral nerve regeneration is reviewed,and the experiments employing LIPUS to improve peripheral nerve regeneration are discussed.Application of LIPUS following nerve surgery may promote nerve regeneration and improve functional outcomes through a variety of proposed mechanisms.These include an increase of neurotrophic factors,Schwann cell(SC)activation,cellular signaling activations,and induction of mitosis.We searched PubMed for articles related to these topics in both in vitro and in vivo animal research models.We found numerous studies,suggesting that LIPUS following nerve surgery promotes nerve regeneration and improves functional outcomes.Based on these findings,LIPUS could be a novel and valuable treatment for nerve injury-induced erectile dysfunction.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2017YFC1002003)the National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China(No.81701428).
文摘Erectile dysfunctio n attributable to testosterone deficiency is less comm on in young males,and the effect of estradiol on erectile function in eug on adal young males is un clear.We an a lyzed data from 195 male participa nts,including 143 eug on adal patients with erectile dysfunction and 52 healthy men.To distinguish psychogenic and organic erectile dysfunction,penile rigidity was measured using the nocturnal penile tumescenee rigidity test.Serum levels of sexual hormones were quantified by electrochemiluminescence,and penile vascular status was assessed by penile color Doppler ultrasound.Both serum estradiol levels and the ratio of estradiol to testosterone were higher in patients with organic erectile dysfunction than in patients with psychogenic erectile dysfunction or healthy controls.Organic erectile dysfunction was negatively associated with estradiol levels and the ratio of estradiol to testosterone,and estradiol was the only sign ifica nt risk factor for orga nic erectile dysf un ction(odds ratio:1.094;95%con fide nee interval:1.042-1.149,P=0.000).Moreover,serum estradiol levels were negatively correlated with penile rigidity.Serum estradiol levels were higher and penile rigidity was lower in patients with venous erectile dysfunction than in patients with nonvascular erectile dysf unction.We con elude that elevated serum estradiol levels may impair erectile function and may be involved in the pathoge nesis of organic erectile dysfunction in eugonadal young men.