Mutation Characteristics of inhA and katG Genes in Isoniazid-Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Patients in Xinjiang

Objective:To analyze the mutation characteristics of inhA and katG genes in isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Xinjiang.Methods:The katG and inhA in 148 strains of isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis were amplified through fluorescence quantitative PCR,and the amplified products were sequenced and compared.Results:The inhA gene mutation rate of 148 strains of isoniazid-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis was 13.51%(20/148),among which the inhA gene mutation rate among patients of Han,Uygur,and Kazakh ethnicity were 15.87%,13.21%,and 17.65%,respectively.There was no significant difference in the inhA mutation rate among nationalities(c^(2)=2.897,P>0.05).The mutation rate of the katG gene was 84.46%(125/148),among which the mutation rates of patients of Han,Uyghur,and Kazak ethnicities were 82.54%,84.91%,and 76.47%,respectively.The Hui and other ethnic groups were all affected by the katG gene mutation.There was no significant difference in the mutation rate of the katG gene among different ethnicities(c^(2)=3.772,P>0.05).The mutation rates of the inhA gene in southern Xinjiang,northern Xinjiang,and other provinces were 18.60%,9.28%,and 37.50%,respectively.The mutation rates of the inhA gene in different regions were statistically different(c^(2)=6.381,P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the inhA mutation rate between patients from southern and northern Xinjiang(c^(2)=2.214,P>0.05)and between southern Xinjiang and other provinces(c^(2)=1.424,P>0.05).However,the mutation rate of the inhA gene in patients from other provinces was higher than that in northern Xinjiang(c^(2)=5.539,P<0.05).The mutation rates of the katG gene in southern Xinjiang,northern Xinjiang,and other provinces were 81.40%,87.63%,and 62.50%,respectively.There was no significant difference in the mutation rates of the katG gene among different regions(c^(2)=3.989,P>0.05).Conclusion:katG gene mutation was predominant in isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis patients in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,and inhA and katG gene mutation were no different among different ethnic groups.

超声引导下腰方肌阻滞联合应用纳布啡对剖宫产术后镇痛的效果

目的探讨超声引导下腰方肌阻滞联用纳布啡在剖宫产术后镇痛中的效果。方法选取2021年4月至2022年4月在深圳市宝安区妇幼保健院产科接受剖宫产术的初产妇为研究对象,基于随机数字表法分成研究组与对照组。对照组术后行纳布啡静脉自控镇痛(patient-controlled intravenous analgesia,PCIA),研究组行超声引导下腰方肌阻滞联用纳布啡。观察两组术前及术后4 h、8 h、12 h、24 h的血压、心率,并应用视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)评估术后4 h、8 h、12 h、24 h切口疼痛度,应用Ramsay镇静评分评估术后镇静状态,了解镇痛泵应用情况。结果共纳入110例产妇,研究组和对照组各55例。与对照组相比,研究组术后4 h、8 h、12 h、24 h的心率、平均动脉压、VAS评分均显著降低(P<0.05),术后1 h、6 h Ramsay镇静评分升高(P<0.05)。研究组首次按压镇痛泵时间大于对照组,术后24 h内镇痛泵有效按压次数小于对照组(P<0.05)。结论在剖宫产术后镇痛中采取超声引导下腰方肌阻滞联用纳布啡,可有效减轻术后疼痛,且术后镇静效果良好。

The damage to model concrete gravity dams subjected to water explosions

Over the past century,the safety of dams has gradually attracted attention from all parties.Research on the dynamic response and damage evolution of dams under extreme loads is the basis of dam safety issues.In recent decades,scholars have studied the responses of dams under earthquake loads,but there is still much room for improvement in experimental and theoretical research on small probability loads such as explosions.In this paper,a 50-m-high concrete gravity dam is used as a prototype dam,and a water explosion model test of a 2.5-m-high concrete gravity dam is designed.The water pressure and the acceleration response of the dam body in the test are analysed.The pressure characteristics and dynamic response of the dam body are assessed.Taking the dam damage test as an example,a numerical model of concrete gravity dam damage is established,and the damage evolution of the dam body is analysed.By combining experiments and numerical simulations,the damage characteristics of the dam body under the action of different charge water explosions are clarified.The integrity of the dam body is well maintained under the action of a small-quantity water explosion,and the dynamic response of the dam body is mainly caused by the shock wave.Both the shock wave and the bubble pulsation cause the dam body to accelerate,and the peak acceleration of the dam body under the action of the bubble pulsation is only one percent of the peak acceleration of the dam body under the action of the shock wave.When subjected to explosions in large quantities of water,the dam body is seriously damaged.Under the action of a shock wave,the dam body produces a secondary acceleration response,which is generated by an internal interaction after the dam body is damaged.The damage evolution process of the dam body under the action of a large-scale water explosion is analysed,and it is found that the shock wave pressure of the water explosion causes local damage to the dam body facing the explosion.After the peak value of the shock wave,the impulse continues to act on the dam body,causing cumulative damage and damage inside the dam body.