Small molecule inhibitors of RORγt for Th17 regulation in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases

As a ligand-dependent transcription factor,retinoid-associated orphan receptor gt(RORγt)that controls T helper(Th)17 cell differentiation and interleukin(IL)-17 expression plays a critical role in the progression of several inflammatory and autoimmune conditions.An emerging novel approach to the therapy of these diseases thus involves controlling the transcriptional capacity of RORγt to decrease Th17 cell development and IL-17 production.Several RORγt inhibitors including both antagonists and inverse agonists have been discovered to regulate the transcriptional activity of RORγt by binding to orthosteric-or allosteric-binding sites in the ligand-binding domain.Some of small-molecule inhibitors have entered clinical evaluations.Therefore,in current review,the role of RORγt in Th17 regulation and Th17-related inflammatory and autoimmune diseases was highlighted.Notably,the recently developed RORγt inhibitors were summarized,with an emphasis on their optimization from lead compounds,efficacy,toxicity,mechanisms of action,and clinical trials.The limitations of current development in this area were also discussed to facilitate future research.

Influence of blasting load directions on tunnel stability in fractured rock mass

Tunnels in fractured rock masses are typically damaged by dynamic disturbances from various directions.To investigate the influence of blasting load directions on the stability of a tunnel with a precrack nearby,blasting tests were conducted on the physical models of an external crack around a tunnel(ECT)in this study.Failure modes of the tunnels were analysed based on stress wave theory.The Riedel-Hiermaier-Thoma(RHT)material model was employed to perform the numerical simulations on ECT models.Stress distribution around the tunnels and final failure patterns of the tunnels were characterised.The results show that,under blasting loads,the pre-crack propagates and then new cracks initiates on the incident side of the tunnel.These cracks extend towards each other and eventually coalesce.Blasting load directions significantly influence the ultimate failure mode of the tunnel in the fractured rock masses.The new cracks on the shadow side of the tunnel appear at different positions when the blasting stress waves come from various directions.The results are meaningful to the analysis of tunnel stability and optimisation of the tunnel support scheme.

Current multifunctional albumin-based nanoplatforms for cancer multi-mode therapy

Albumin has been widely applied for rational design of drug delivery complexes as natural carriers in cancer therapy due to its distinct advantages of biocompatibility,abundance,low toxicity and versatile property.Hence,various types of multifunctional albumin-based nanoplatforms(MAlb-NPs)that adopt multiple imaging and therapeutic techniques have been developed for cancer diagnosis and treatment.Stimuli-responsive release,including reduction-sensitive,p H-responsive,concentration-dependent and photodynamic-triggered,is important to achieve low-toxicity cancer therapy.Several types of imaging techniques can synergistically improve the effectiveness of cancer therapy.Therefore,combinational theranostic is considered to be a prospective strategy to improve treatment efficiency,minimize side effects and reduce drug resistance,which has received tremendous attentions in recent years.In this review,we highlight several stimuli-responsive albumin nanoplatforms for combinational theranostic.

Green-Wave Traffic Theory Optimization and Analysis

This paper analyzed the applicable conditions of the Green-Wave traffic theory, used two-phase signal control concept to optimize the Green-Wave traffic theory, put forward specific program for cross intersections and T-intersections. The analysis concluded that the optimized Green-Wave traffic theory is favorable to improve road safety and reduce vehicle fuel consumption and reduce vehicle emissions and other aspects.

Kinetically Controlled Supramolecular Block Copolymer Self-Assembly:Multicolor Photonic Crystal Patterns from a Single Formulation

Photonic crystal(PC)patterns with tunable and changeable nonvolatile structural colors printed from a single ink are of great interest for optical products but have rarely been reported because most inks can only output one respective structural color.Herein,we propose a facile yet effective kinetically controlled self-assembly strategy to address this challenge.An ink formulation containing supramolecular block copolymers(SBCPs)is developed.SBCP patterns were printed by direct-ink-writing followed by solvent annealing to generate different structural colors by simply controlling the annealing time.The self-assembly kinetic regime suggests that different colors result from various kinetically trapped metastable states.In turn,the variation in structural color enables“visualization”of the self-assembly dynamics.Furthermore,we demonstrate that these kinetically trapped structures exhibit different responsive color-change behaviors.In addition,this kinetic control strategy can be synergistic with thermodynamic control to extend the color range.This study provides a facile yet effective solution for well-designed PC patterns with tunable,responsive,and unfading colors printed from the simplest single-nozzle printer with a single colorless ink,presenting great potential in broad applications,including information storage,encryption,and anti-fake.

基于非共沸工质的热力循环三维构建方法初探

热力循环是实现能量转换的重要路径之一,因此提高热力循环的效率仍是现阶段促进能源高效利用的重要举措,同时也是解决能源危机的必经之路.针对目前亚临界热力循环效率较低的现状,本文首先以循环工质为出发点,利用非共沸工质相变过程中组分迁移的特点,通过增加非共沸工质的混合与分离过程,突破单一循环工质对热力循环性能的限制,在传统温-熵分析的基础上增加非共沸工质组分的维度,提出亚临界热力循环三维构建方法.其次,将三维热力循环与传统二维热力循环进行对比,明确热力循环三维构建的优势.最后,针对内燃机余热利用,提出组分可调型有机朗肯循环,阐述了三维构建方法的应用和功能,对三维空间内热力循环相对于传统二维构建方法的优势给出了初步探索结果.

湿气源吸附碳捕集: CO_(2)/H_(2)O共吸附机制及应用

大型湿气源排放中普遍存在的水汽是制约吸附碳捕集规模化发展的重要挑战之一。H_(2)O的极性往往会导致吸附材料的CO_(2)捕集率降低甚至出现失效,也会造成捕集系统产生温降、压降等寄生损失,甚至形成设备腐蚀、吸附剂中毒等不利影响,最终额外能耗和成本大幅提高。为解决上述挑战,深入理解CO_(2)与H_(2)O共吸附过程的作用机制,据此开发成本合理、再生能耗低且对水气不敏感的高效CO_(2)吸附剂及吸附技术是实现湿气源下高效吸附碳捕集的重要途径。目前,由于分散在多个领域且各有侧重,关于H_(2)O对CO_(2)吸附影响的机制分析缺乏汇总与概括,难以形成相对统一的观点。本文针对CO_(2)与H_(2)O共吸附过程,从宏观与微观层面进行了详细综述。首先,基于共吸附机制的基础研究,依次介绍了竞争吸附、变湿吸附和呼吸效应领域的研究进展并进行了简要评价。其次,基于共吸附的应用研究,阐述了湿气源CO_(2)捕集技术的吸附剂研发与工艺改进两部分的现状及进展,也对不同湿气源下CO_(2)捕集水平进行了简要评价。最后,总结了目前研究中的不足之处并展望了未来的研究方向。本文将分散于各领域的CO_(2)与H_(2)O共吸附过程进行集中归纳、分析和对比,或可为湿气源碳捕集技术提供有效的指导。

变温吸附碳捕集系统能效性能对标分析

准确且合理的能耗分析对碳捕集技术规模化发展至关重要,其既是碳捕集技术节能降耗的必要前期准备,也是碳捕集过程开展绿色化、清洁化性能评价的重要数据基础。因此,在对碳捕集过程的能源转换共性展开探索的同时,迫切需要面向工程实践的需求,形成易于操作的能效性能对标分析方法,从而保证对类型技术的性能认知可以在合理且统一的评价平台上进行归纳与比较。本工作基于对标分析(Benchmarking Analysis)方法,对变温吸附碳捕集(TSA)过程的能耗分析方法进行了阐述,包括流程、参数、模型等。研究了吸附温度和解吸温度对TSA能效性能结果的影响,演示并量化了该方法的可行性,重点对边界变化对评价结果的影响进行了讨论。提出的对标分析方法对碳捕集技术的能效性能对标评估给出了较具体的指导。

非均匀热流下R245fa/R134a两相流型及换热特性

针对有机工质在非均匀热流边界条件下的气液相变问题,基于质量分数配比为0.7:0.3的非共沸工质R245fa/R134a,建立了非均匀热流下10 mm内径水平管内的两相流动沸腾换热实验系统.实验工况为质量通量175~373kg/(m^2s),热流密度9.95~47.57 kW/m^2.利用高速摄像仪和图像处理技术,对观察到的泡状流、塞状流、分层流和环状流4种流型进行了灰度值分析,并分别绘制了非均匀加热和均匀加热时的流型图.基于流型分析了干度、质量通量、热流密度和饱和温度对两相换热系数的影响,并将实验数据与4种现有关联式进行对比.结果表明,在相同的加热量下,相比于均匀加热条件,非均匀加热条件下流型由间歇流转变为环状流时的初始干度更低;换热系数在低干度区随干度变化较小,而在干度较高的环状流区域随干度增大而增大.此外,换热系数随质量通量、热流密度增大而增大,而饱和温度对对流沸腾区换热系数的影响不大,对核态沸腾区有一定影响.在非环状流区域4种换热关联式的预测能力都表现较差,而在环状流区域Sun&Mishima关联式的预测精度相对最高.

槽式集热器集热管外热流分布均匀性的量化评价方法

定量化描述槽式集热器中集热管外热流分布的均匀程度,对于集热器的优化设计有着重要的意义.工程领域中,现有的均匀性评价指标往往只计及物理量在数值上的分布特征,没有考虑物理量在空间相对位置上的分布特征.本文将"均匀度"分解成"均度"和"匀度"两个子指标,从物理量的数值及其相对位置两个层面较为全面地对热流这一物理量分布的均匀程度展开定量化描述.通过对特殊分布和4种典型的集热器中集热管外热流分布的均匀性进行量化评价,验证了该指标的合理性以及在管外热流分布均匀性量化分析中的有效性.同时,新指标具有严格有界、无量纲等特征,便于在集热器的优化设计中使用,同时在其他工程领域也具有应用潜力.

Steel scrap melting model for a dephosphorisation basic oxygen furnace

Dephosphorisation basic oxygen furnaces (deP-BOFs) greatly differ from conventional BOFs in the melting process, especially its many limits on adding scrap. A mathematical model of the steel scrap melting process was established in MATLAB to investigate the mechanism of scrap melting in deP-BOF in terms of coupling effects of the carbon content of the molten steel, temperature, scrap preheating and converter blowing time on the melting rate and size of the steel scraps. The scrap melting rate was influenced by both the heat and mass transfer during the melting process: at 1350℃, when the carbon content was increased from 4.5 to 5.0 mass%, the scrap melting rate increased by 43%;for the carbon content of 4.5 mass%, when the temperature was increased from 1350 to 1400℃, the scrap melting rate increased by 60%. The carbonisation was found to be the restrictive step of the scrap melting process in deP-BOFs with respect to conventional ones. The scrap heating from room temperature to 800℃ reduced the crusting thickness on the scrap surface but there was no obvious influence on the melting rate. The scrap melting size in the deP-BOF was rather limited by its low melting rate and short melting time.

Influence rule of downtime on heat transfer in converters

The models for calculating the heat transfer in converters allow the accurate control of heat dissipation caused by downtime,and thus help in crease scrap ratio and reduce energy consumptio n.ANSYS 17 was used to establish such a model to analyse the coupling law between the downtime and heat dissipation of the converter and the temperature drop of molten iron.Temperature was measured by infrared detection,and model accuracy was verified by comparative analysis.The variation law of the amount of cold charge added for different downtimes under different process conditions was studied.The results show that the range of the variation of heat dissipation caused by downtime is 8.9-78.5 GJ.If the downtime increases by 30 min,heat dissipation of dephosphorisation(deP)and decarburisation(deC)converters increases by about 23.4 and 41.3 GJ,respectively.In a certain smelting cycle,the temperature drop of the molten iron for deP,deC and conventional converters increases by about 12.5,15.0 and 17.0 K,respectively;and the amount of scrap added in the double-linking and conventional smelting processes decreases by 0.93 and 0.75%,respectively.

Acceleration of unsteady vortex lattice method via dipole panel fast multipole method

The Unsteady Vortex Lattice Method(UVLM) is a medium-fidelity aerodynamic tool that has been widely used in aeroelasticity and flight dynamics simulations. The most timeconsuming step is the evaluation of the induced velocity. Supposing that the number of bound and wake lattices is N and the computational cost is O (N2), we present an OeNT Dipole Panel Fast Multipole Method(DPFMM) for the rapid evaluation of the induced velocity in UVLM. The multipole expansion coefficients of a quadrilateral dipole panel have been derived in spherical coordinates, whose accuracy is the same as that of the Biot-Savart kernel at the same truncation degree P.Two methods(the loosening method and the shrinking method) are proposed and tested for space partitioning volumetric panels. Compared with FMM for vortex filaments(with three harmonics),DPFMM is approximately two times faster for N2 [103,106]. The simulation time of a multirotor(N~104) is reduced from 100 min(with unaccelerated direct solver) to 2 min(with DPFMM).

碳捕集能耗分析模型的对比研究（英文）

目的:碳捕集能耗较高的技术瓶颈,亟待热力学理论在交叉研究中解决。热力学理论工具在碳捕集技术能耗水平评估方面的准确性、有效性和局限性都尚未明确,且碳捕集能耗研究的共性规律仍未被把握。本文对现有能耗分析模型进行对比以揭示碳捕集技术能耗的实质,并提出普适性和针对性恰当的能耗分析模型,以明确碳捕集能耗水平的"天花板"。创新点:1.提出热力学碳泵模型,分析碳捕集技术理想能耗;2.对比不同碳捕集能耗分析模型,通过案例分析说明其不同特点和理想化程度的差异。方法:1.通过概念比拟,类比热泵概念,提出热力学碳泵概念,并阐述碳捕集过程是通过热或功驱动的二氧化碳从低浓度向高浓度逆向富集的非自发过程(图2和3),实现碳捕集技术实质的理想化概括;2.通过热力学理论推导,获得基于热力学碳泵模型的碳捕集最小理想能耗(公式(13));3.通过案例分析,论证热力学碳泵模型相对混合气体分离模型和碳泵模型的理想化程度是否更高(图9),以及其中碳源、汇的无限质容假设是否更接近理想状态。结论:1.通过碳泵模型可以得到碳捕集技术的理想能耗,并且碳泵模型相对混合气体分离模型在使用时更便捷。2.热力学碳泵模型相对碳泵模型的理想化程度更高;因为忽略碳源、汇由传质引起的不可逆性,热力学碳泵模型计算所得最小理想能耗比碳泵模型计算所得理想能耗更小。3.通过热力学碳泵模型分析直接空气碳捕集技术表明,其最小理想能耗是相同反应条件下烟气处理技术的4.916倍。

Self-feedback LSTM regression model for real-time particle source apportionment

Atmospheric particulate matter pollution has attracted much wider attention globally.In recent years,the development of atmospheric particle collection techniques has put forwards new demands on the real-time source apportionments techniques.Such demands are summarized,in this paper,as how to set up new restraints in apportionment and how to develop a non-linear regression model to process complicated circumstances,such as the existence of secondary source and similar source.In this study,we firstly analyze the possible and potential restraints in single particle source apportionment,then propose a novel three-step self-feedback long short-term memory(SF-LSTM)network for approximating the source contribution.The proposed deep learning neural network includes three modules,as generation,scoring and refining,and regeneration modules.Benefited from the scoring modules,SF-LSTM implants four loss functions representing four restraints to be followed in the apportionment,meanwhile,the regeneration module calculates the source contribution in a non-linear way.The results show that the model outperforms the conventional regression methods in the overall performance of the four evaluation indicators(residual sum of squares,stability,sparsity,negativity)for the restraints.Additionally,in short time-resolution analyzing,SF-LSTM provides better results under the restraint of stability.

Overview on artificial intelligence in design of Organic Rankine Cycle

Converting thermal energy into mechanical work by means of Organic Rankine Cycle is a validated technology to exploit low-grade waste heat.The typical design process of Organic Rankine Cycle system,which commonly in-volves working fluid selection,cycle configuration selection,operating parameters optimization,and component selection and sizing,is time-consuming and highly dependent on engineer’s experience.Thus,it is difficult to achieve the optimal design in most cases.In recent decades,artificial intelligence has been gradually introduced into the design of energy system to overcome above shortcomings.In order to clarify the research field of arti-ficial intelligence technique in Organic Rankine Cycle design and guide artificial intelligence technique to assist Organic Rankine Cycle design better,this study presents a preliminary literature summary on recent progresses of artificial intelligence technique in organic Rankine cycle systems design.First,this study analyzes four main procedures which constitute a typical design process of Organic Rankine Cycle systems and finds that design problems encountered during design process can be divided into three categories:decision making,parameter optimization and parameter prediction.In the second section,a detailed literature review on each design proce-dures using artificial intelligence algorithms is presented.At last,the state of art in this field and the prospects for the future work are provided.

Polymersome formation by solvent annealing-induced structural reengineering under 3D soft confinement

A solvent annealing-induced structural reengineering approach is exploited to fabricate polymersomes from block copolymers that are hard to form vesicles through the traditional solution self-assembly route.More specifically,polystyrene-b-poly(4-vinyl pyridine)(PS-b-P4VP)particles with sphere-within-sphere structure(SS particles)are prepared by three-dimensional(3D)soft-confined assembly through emulsion-solvent evaporation,followed by 3D soft-confined solvent annealing upon the SS particles in aqueous dispersions for structural engineering.A water-miscible solvent(e.g.,THF)is employed for annealing,which results in dramatic transitions of the assemblies,e.g.,from SS particles to polymersomes.This approach works for PS-b-P4VP in a wide range of block ratios.Moreover,this method enables effective encapsulation/loading of cargoes such as fluorescent dyes and metal nanoparticles,which offers a new route to prepare polymersomes that could be applied for cargo release,diagnostic imaging,and nanoreactor,etc.

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of implantable bacterial-killing coatings based on host defense peptides and their synthetic mimics

Contact-killing antimicrobial coatings based on host defense peptides(HDPs) and their synthetic mimics have shown potential as powerful tools to combat implant-associated infections. Covalent modification of the antimicrobial surface has been utilized to prevent early-stage microbial infections owing to the less drug-leaching possibility that is beneficial to human health and the natural environment. Although considerable progress has been achieved in preparing contact-killing antimicrobial surfaces, discussions focusing on the in vitro and in vivo evaluations of these surfaces are limited. In this review, we summarized the established in vitro methods to simulate the practical interaction of microbes with the surrounding biological environment and the reported in vivo studies at different implant sites. We suggested that the in vivo specific site infection model is essential to gain a comprehensive understanding of these antimicrobial coatings in the preclinical stage, which can be established based on investigations performed using various in vitro assays and conventional non-specific site infection models. Overall, these precedent studies focusing on bacterial contact-killing coatings modified with HDPs and HDP mimics can be considered as critical to assess the surface antibacterial ability and to guide the future developments and applications of antimicrobial surfaces.