电极/碱性聚电解质界面的微分电容曲线和零电荷电位测定

碱性聚合物电解质作为现代碱性氢氧燃料电池的核心组成部分,其单离子导体的特性使得“电极/碱性聚电解质”界面的性质与“电极/溶液”界面有所不同。本文使用微电极,运用循环伏安、电化学交流阻抗以及浸入法等方法,测定了电极/碱性聚电解质界面的微分电容曲线和零电荷电位。该界面的微分电容曲线呈“U”状,且存在局域极小值,该极小值所对应的电位与浸入法测得的零电荷电位数值一致。单离子导体的特性使得“电极/碱性聚电解质”界面在零电荷电位两侧表现出不同的电化学极化行为。

Forebrain excitatory neuron-specific loss of Brpf1 attenuates excitatory synaptic transmission and impairs spatial and fear memory

Bromodomain and plant homeodomain(PHD)finger containing protein 1(Brpf1)is an activator and scaffold protein of a multiunit complex that includes other components involving lysine acetyltransferase(KAT)6A/6B/7.Brpf1,KAT6A,and KAT6B mutations were identified as the causal genes of neurodevelopmental disorders leading to intellectual disability.Our previous work revealed strong and specific expression of Brpf1 in both the postnatal and adult forebrain,especially the hippocampus,which has essential roles in learning and memory.Here,we hypothesized that Brpf1 plays critical roles in the function of forebrain excitatory neurons,and that its deficiency leads to learning and memory deficits.To test this,we knocked out Brpf1 in forebrain excitatory neurons using CaMKIIa-Cre.We found that Brpf1 deficiency reduced the frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents and downregulated the expression of genes Pcdhgb1,Slc16a7,Robo3,and Rho,which are related to neural development,synapse function,and memory,thereby damaging spatial and fear memory in mice.These findings help explain the mechanisms of intellectual impairment in patients with BRPF1 mutation.

Biomimetic natural biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine:new biosynthesis methods,recent advances,and emerging applications

Biomimetic materials have emerged as attractive and competitive alternatives for tissue engineering(TE)and regenerative medicine.In contrast to conventional biomaterials or synthetic materials,biomimetic scaffolds based on natural biomaterial can offer cells a broad spectrum of biochemical and biophysical cues that mimic the in vivo extracellular matrix(ECM).Additionally,such materials have mechanical adaptability,micro-structure interconnectivity,and inherent bioactivity,making them ideal for the design of living implants for specific applications in TE and regenerative medicine.This paper provides an overview for recent progress of biomimetic natural biomaterials(BNBMs),including advances in their preparation,functionality,potential applications and future challenges.We highlight recent advances in the fabrication of BNBMs and outline general strategies for functionalizing and tailoring the BNBMs with various biological and physicochemical characteristics of native ECM.Moreover,we offer an overview of recent key advances in the functionalization and applications of versatile BNBMs for TE applications.Finally,we conclude by offering our perspective on open challenges and future developments in this rapidly-evolving field.

BCCLR:A Skeleton-Based Action Recognition with Graph Convolutional Network Combining Behavior Dependence and Context Clues

In recent years,skeleton-based action recognition has made great achievements in Computer Vision.A graph convolutional network(GCN)is effective for action recognition,modelling the human skeleton as a spatio-temporal graph.Most GCNs define the graph topology by physical relations of the human joints.However,this predefined graph ignores the spatial relationship between non-adjacent joint pairs in special actions and the behavior dependence between joint pairs,resulting in a low recognition rate for specific actions with implicit correlation between joint pairs.In addition,existing methods ignore the trend correlation between adjacent frames within an action and context clues,leading to erroneous action recognition with similar poses.Therefore,this study proposes a learnable GCN based on behavior dependence,which considers implicit joint correlation by constructing a dynamic learnable graph with extraction of specific behavior dependence of joint pairs.By using the weight relationship between the joint pairs,an adaptive model is constructed.It also designs a self-attention module to obtain their inter-frame topological relationship for exploring the context of actions.Combining the shared topology and the multi-head self-attention map,the module obtains the context-based clue topology to update the dynamic graph convolution,achieving accurate recognition of different actions with similar poses.Detailed experiments on public datasets demonstrate that the proposed method achieves better results and realizes higher quality representation of actions under various evaluation protocols compared to state-of-the-art methods.

Automated Machine Learning Algorithm Using Recurrent Neural Network to Perform Long-Term Time Series Forecasting

Long-term time series forecasting stands as a crucial research domain within the realm of automated machine learning(AutoML).At present,forecasting,whether rooted in machine learning or statistical learning,typically relies on expert input and necessitates substantial manual involvement.This manual effort spans model development,feature engineering,hyper-parameter tuning,and the intricate construction of time series models.The complexity of these tasks renders complete automation unfeasible,as they inherently demand human intervention at multiple junctures.To surmount these challenges,this article proposes leveraging Long Short-Term Memory,which is the variant of Recurrent Neural Networks,harnessing memory cells and gating mechanisms to facilitate long-term time series prediction.However,forecasting accuracy by particular neural network and traditional models can degrade significantly,when addressing long-term time-series tasks.Therefore,our research demonstrates that this innovative approach outperforms the traditional Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average(ARIMA)method in forecasting long-term univariate time series.ARIMA is a high-quality and competitive model in time series prediction,and yet it requires significant preprocessing efforts.Using multiple accuracy metrics,we have evaluated both ARIMA and proposed method on the simulated time-series data and real data in both short and long term.Furthermore,our findings indicate its superiority over alternative network architectures,including Fully Connected Neural Networks,Convolutional Neural Networks,and Nonpooling Convolutional Neural Networks.Our AutoML approach enables non-professional to attain highly accurate and effective time series forecasting,and can be widely applied to various domains,particularly in business and finance.

Clinical and pathological characteristics and expression of related molecules in patients with airway disseminated lung adenocarcinoma

Objective:Lung adenocarcinoma exhibits diverse genetic and morphological backgrounds,in addition to considerable differences in clinical pathology and molecular biological characteristics.Among these,the phenomenon of spread through air space(STAS),a distinct mode of lung cancer infiltration,has rarely been reported.Therefore,this study aimed to explore the relationship between STAS tumor cells and the clinical and molecular characteristics of patients with lung adenocarcinoma,as well as their impact on prognosis.Methods:This study included 147 patients who were diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma at the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Cancer Institute between January 2014 and December 2017.Surgical resection specimens were retrospectively analyzed.Using univariate and multivariate Cox analyses,we assessed the association between STAS and the clinicopathological features and molecular characteristics of patients with lung adenocarcinoma.Furthermore,we investigated the effects on patient prognosis.In addition,we developed a column–line plot prediction model and performed internal validation.Results:Patients with positive STAS had a significantly higher proportion of tumors with a diameter≥2 cm,with infiltration around the pleura,blood vessels,and nerves,and a pathological stage>IIB than in STAS-negative patients(P<0.05).Cox multivariate survival analysis revealed that clinical stage,STAS status,tumor size,and visceral pleural invasion were independent prognostic factors influencing the 5-year progression-free survival in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.The predictive values and P values from the Hosmer-Lemeshow test were 0.8 and 0.2,respectively,indicating no statistical difference.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated areas under the curve of 0.884 and 0.872 for the training and validation groups,respectively.The nomogram model exhibited the best fit with a value of 192.09.Conclusions:Clinical stage,pleural invasion,vascular invasion,peripheral nerve invasion,tumor size,and necrosis are independent prognostic factors for patients with STAS-positive lung adenocarcinoma.The nomogrambased on the clinical stage,pleural invasion,vascular invasion,peripheral nerve invasion,tumor size,and necrosis showed good accuracy,differentiation,and clinical practicality.

New Secodaphnane-Type Alkaloids with Cytotoxic Activities from Daphniphyllum angustifolium Hutch

One new Daphniphyllum alkaloid,daphnioldhanol A(1),together with three known ones,were isolated from the stem part of Daphniphyllum angustifolium Hutch.Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and comparing with the literature data.Compound 2 is a new natural product,but known by synthesis as a racemate.Compound 1 exhibited week cytotoxic activity against Hela cell line with IC50 of 31.9μM.

免费义务教育与社会阶层流动——基于CGSS数据的实证研究

实施免费义务教育是我国在教育领域的一项重大举措,但目前对该政策效果评估的研究较少。本文从教育的社会阶层流动效应出发,运用CGSS微观调查数据,实证研究了免费义务教育政策对社会阶层流动的因果效应,并对作用机制进行了讨论验证。研究表明,受到免费义务教育政策冲击的个体,社会阶层提升概率和幅度都明显高于控制组。该结论在经过多项稳健性检验后仍然成立。机制分析表明,免费义务教育政策主要通过提高受教育程度、认知能力渠道促进受冲击个体的社会阶层提升,而收入并非主要作用路径。以上研究为继续实施完善免费义务教育,深化教育改革,促进教育公平、社会公平提供了政策启示。

增强抗冲击和热性能的功能防护复合材料

个人安全防护在日常生活中一直扮演着重要的角色。开发具有增强抗冲击和优异热性能的先进功能安全防护复合材料将是防护服的重大发展。因此,通过将短凯夫拉纤维(KFs)引入到剪切变硬弹性体(SSE)中制备了凯夫拉纤维增强聚合物(KFRP)。具有15 wt%KFs的KFRP(KFRP-15%)的储能模量随剪切频率由0.1 Hz到100 Hz从222.8 kPa增加到830.8 kPa。垂直型KFRP-15%相比SSE具有更高的抗拉强度(2.65 MPa)和断裂韧性(11.95 kJ/m2),表现出更强的抗撕裂性。另外,KFRP-15%具有优异的抗冲击性能,它可以将锤头冲击力从1.74 kN耗散到0.56 kN,且在10次连续冲击后仍然保持完好。进一步,KFRP-15%也具有优异的抗刺性能。此外,KFRP-15%还表现出改善的传热性能、阻燃和抑烟能力。最后,集防护、散热和阻燃一体的基于KFRP-15%的护腕被成功制备。

Baseline symptoms of depression and anxiety negatively impact the effectiveness of CBTi in treating acute insomnia among young adults

Background Cognitive-behavioural therapy for insomnia(CBTi)is the first-line treatment for those with this sleep disorder.However,depressive and anxiety symptoms often co-occur with acute insomnia,which may affect the effectiveness of CBTitreatment.Aims This study aimed to determine the impact of depressive and anxiety symptoms on the efficacy of CBTi in treating acute insomnia.Methods A single-arm clinical trial was conducted among individuals who have acute insomnia.Participants underwent self-guided CBTi for 1-week.Their insomnia,depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms were evaluated using the Insomnia Severity Index and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale at baseline,post-treatment and 3-month follow-up.Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to assess the effectiveness of CBTi in treating insomnia,depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms.A multivariate Cox regression model was used to determine the impact of depressive and anxiety symptoms on insomnia.Results The study found significant reductions in insomnia,depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms at both post-treatment and 3-month follow-up(F=17.45,p<0.001;F=36.37,p=0.001;and F=81.51,p<0.001,respectively).The duration of CBTi treatment had a positive impact on insomnia recovery(hazard ratio(HR)=0.94,p=0.018).However,baseline depressive symptoms(HR=1.83,p=0.004)and baseline anxiety symptoms(HR=1.99,p=0.001)had significant negative effects on insomnia recovery.Conclusions The study showed that a 1-week self-guided CBTi treatment is effective in treating acute insomnia and comorbid depressive and anxiety symptoms.However,baseline depressive and anxiety symptoms negatively impact treatment effectiveness.Therefore,clinicians should assess for depressive and anxiety symptoms before treating acute insomnia with monotherapy CBTi.

Treatment of liver fibrosis:Past,current,and future

Liver fibrosis accompanies the progression of chronic liver diseases independent of etiologies,such as hepatitis viral infection,alcohol consumption,and metabolicassociated fatty liver disease.It is commonly associated with liver injury,inflammation,and cell death.Liver fibrosis is characterized by abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix components that are expressed by liver myofibroblasts such as collagens and alpha-smooth actin proteins.Activated hepatic stellate cells contribute to the major population of myofibroblasts.Many treatments for liver fibrosis have been investigated in clinical trials,including dietary supplementation(e.g.,vitamin C),biological treatment(e.g.,simtuzumab),drug(e.g.,pegbelfermin and natural herbs),genetic regulation(e.g.,non-coding RNAs),and transplantation of stem cells(e.g.,hematopoietic stem cells).However,none of these treatments has been approved by Food and Drug Administration.The treatment efficacy can be evaluated by histological staining methods,imaging methods,and serum biomarkers,as well as fibrosis scoring systems,such as fibrosis-4 index,aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio,and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score.Furthermore,the reverse of liver fibrosis is slowly and frequently impossible for advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis.To avoid the lifethreatening stage of liver fibrosis,anti-fibrotic treatments,especially for combined behavior prevention,biological treatment,drugs or herb medicines,and dietary regulation are needed.This review summarizes the past studies and current and future treatments for liver fibrosis.

The age at first consumption of forage in calves and its effect on growth and rumination in the short‑and long‑term

Background Previous investigations into the effect of dietary forage on calf performance have been inconsistent,and there is a paucity of information exploring the effect of age on the growth performance and rumination of calves.Eighty-four female Holstein calves(41.5±4.2 kg)were enrolled at birth,a subset of the calves were fed calf starter only(CON,n=21)while the rest(n=63)were classified into three treatment groups:the early(EHAY,n=26,5.1±0.8 d),the middle(MHAY,n=21,7.9±0.8 d)and the late(LHAY,n=16,12.1±1.4 d)hay consumers.The short-term effect of the age at first forage consump-tion(AFF)on calves’feed intake was monitored until d 84.In addition,the long-term effects of AFF on body weight,structural growth and rumination behavior were recorded until d 196.Rumen samples were collected on d 1,7,35,84 and 196 to ana-lyze the rumen fermentation,while fecal samples were collected from d 78 to 84 to estimate digestibility parameters.Results Treatment had no effect on feed intake.While,the EHAY calves tended to have lower BW and ADG compared to LHAY and CON calves.Several total-tract apparent digestibility parameters and digestible nutrients intake were significantly lower in EHAY calves compared with CON and LHAY calves.Calves in the EHAY group tended to begin ruminating ealier,while CON calves were the latest(12.3 vs.15.5 days of age).A treatment and time interaction was present for rumination time due to greater rumination in calves consuming hay compared to CON calves in week 10 to 12,the differences in rumination disappeared afterwards,no long-lasting significant differences in the rumina-tion and rumen fermentation parameters were found between treatments.Conclusions In conclusion,this study showed that hay consumption earlier in life(in the first week,around 5 days of life)could negatively affect the growth of the calf in the short and long term.Compared to consuming hay from the second week(around 12 days of life)or feeding concentrate only without hay,starting to consume hay from the first week could compromise nutrient digestibility and digestible nutrient intake independent of developing rumination behaviour and rumen fermentation.

All-cellulose-based quasi-solid-state supercapacitor with nitrogen and boron dual-doped carbon electrodes exhibiting high energy density and excellent cyclic stability

The key to construct high-energy supercapacitors is to maximize the capacitance of electrode and the voltage of the device. Realizing this purpose by utilizing sustainable and low-cost resources is still a big challenge. Herein, N, B co-doped carbon nanosheets are obtained through the proposed dual-template assisted approach by using methyl cellulose as the precursor. Due to the synergistic effects form the high surface area with the hierarchical porous structure, N/B dual doping, and a high degree of graphitization, the resultant carbon electrode exhibits a high capacitance of 572 F g^(-1)at 0.5 A g^(-1)and retains 281 F g^(-1)at 50 A g^(-1)in an acidic electrolyte. Furthermore, the symmetric device assembled using bacterial cellulose-based gel polymer electrolyte can deliver high energy density of 43 W h kg^(-1)and excellent cyclability with 97.8% capacity retention after 20 000 cycles in “water in salt” electrolyte. This work successfully realizes the fabrication of high-performance allcellulose-based quasi-solid-state supercapacitors, which brings a cost-effective insight into jointly designing electrodes and electrolytes for supporting highly efficient energy storage.

Primary seminal vesicle adenocarcinoma with a history of seminal vesicle cyst:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Primary seminal vesicle adenocarcinoma is a rare malignancy that is difficult to diagnose.CASE SUMMARY A 54-year-old man with an 18-year history of a seminal vesicle cyst presented with worsening hematospermia that had persisted for one month.Dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography and pelvic magnetic resonance imaging indicated a mass with a cystic-solid component.Robot-assisted seminal vesicle tumor resection was performed,and primary seminal vesicle adenocarcinoma was confirmed pathologically.The patient received pelvic radiotherapy for six weeks,and to date,no evidence of recurrence has been found.CONCLUSION Seminal vesicle cysts should be monitored long-term.Seminal vesicle adenocarcinoma presents with non-specific symptoms and can be diagnosed by immunohistochemistry.

Allowance Extraction Considering of Inner and Outer Contour and Experimental Research on Belt Grinding of Hollow Blade

Aero-engine fan blades of ten use a cavity structure to improve the thrust-to-weight ratio of the aircraft.However,the use of the cavity structure brings a series of difficulties to the manufacturing and processing of the blades.Due to the limitation of blade manufacturing technology,it is difficult for the internal cavity structure to achieve the designed contour shape,so the blade has uneven wall thickness and poor consistency,which affects the fatigue performance and airflow dynamic performance of the blade.In order to reduce the influence of uneven wall thickness,this paper proposes a grinding allowance extraction method considering the double dimension constraints(DDC)of the inner and outer contours of the hollow blade.Constrain the two dimensions of the inner and outer contours of the hollow blade.On the premise of satisfying the outer contour constraints,the machining model of the blade is modified according to the distribution of the inwall contour to obtain a more reasonable distribution of the grinding allowance.On the premise of satisfying the contour constraints,according to the distribution of the inwall contour,the machining model of the blade is modified to obtain a more reasonable distribution of the grinding allowance.Through the grinding experiment of the hollow blade,the surface roughness is below Ra0.4μm,and the contour accuracy is between-0.05~0.14 mm,which meets the processing requirements.Compared with the allowance extraction method that only considers the contour,the problem of poor wall thickness consistency can be effectively improved.It can be used to extract the allowance of aero-engine blades with hollow features,which lays a foundation for the study of hollow blade grinding methods with high service performance.

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents in chronic liver diseases:Molecular mechanisms and therapy

Chronic liver disease(CLD)is a continuous process that causes a reduction of liver function lasting more than six months.CLD includes alcoholic liver disease(ALD),non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),chronic viral infection,and autoimmune hepatitis,which can lead to liver fibrosis,cirrhosis,and cancer.Liver inflammation and oxidative stress are commonly associated with the development and progression of CLD.Molecular signaling pathways such as AMPactivated protein kinase(AMPK),C-Jun N-terminal kinase,and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors(PPARs)are implicated in the pathogenesis of CLD.Therefore,antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents from natural products are new potent therapies for ALD,NAFLD,and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).In this review,we summarize some powerful products that can be potential applied in all the stages of CLD,from ALD/NAFLD to HCC.The selected agents such asβ-sitosterol,curcumin,genistein,and silymarin can regulate the activation of several important molecules,including AMPK,Farnesoid X receptor,nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2,PPARs,phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase,and lysyl oxidase-like proteins.In addition,clinical trials are undergoing to evaluate their efficacy and safety.

Meta-Energy:When Integrated Energy Internet Meets Metaverse

SINCE the 18th century,fossil energy in the form of coal,oil,and natural gas has been used on a large scale.These fossil fuels have provided a vast amount of energy,such as electricity,heat,and gas,for industrial production and have been a major contributor to the development of the world economy[1].

Sodium Abundances in Very Metal-poor Stars

Chemical composition of very metal-poor(VMP)stars can provide observational constraints on current models of nucleosynthesis and the chemical evolution of the Galaxy.It has been found that the scatter of[Na/Fe]versus[Fe/H]in VMP stars is very large in contrast with most other elements.Moreover,a negative slope in[Na/Fe]versus[Fe/H]was found for giants,which is very unlikely according to the theory of nucleosynthesis.For the sample of93 VMP stars in the metallicity range-4.25<[Fe/H]<-1.64 we obtained NLTE sodium abundances using the line profile fitting method by employing accurate atmospheric parameters determined when taking into account NLTE line formation for both FeⅠand FeⅡ.Originally selected from the LAMOST low-resolution spectral database,the spectra of stars were obtained with the High Dispersion Spectrograph of the Subaru Telescope.For 57turn-off stars in metallicity domain-3.04<[Fe/H]<-1.64,we obtained mean[Na/Fe]=-0.29±0.14 and positive slope 0.09±0.06.For 21 giants distributed over metallicity-3.59<[Fe/H]<-2.19,we found mean[Na/Fe]=-0.35±0.1 and positive slope 0.07±0.07.Our[Na/Fe]trend is lower by~0.2 dex,compared to the modern GCE model.We believe the GCE model should be adjusted,by considering the associated scatter.Twelve stars in our sample are found to be outliers,with too low or too high Na abundances.

Recent advances in conversion therapy schemes for stage Ⅳ gastric cancer

“Conversion therapy”is a treatment modality that involves the use of radiotherapy,chemotherapy,targeted therapy,immunotherapy,and other therapeutic methods to transform initially late-stage tumors that cannot be cured into treatments that can achieve an R0 curative effect.However,selecting an appropriate conversion therapy scheme remains a challenge,and there are currently few relevant studies on this topic.This article reviews successful cases of conversion therapy and clinical studies on treatment schemes,at domestic and international levels,over the past few years to offer a broad range of treatment options for patients.

Effects of Xenia on Fruit and Seed in <i>Vernicia fordii</i>

Tung tree, Vernicia fordii, is a plant species producing industrial oil (tung oil). Although the cultivation of the tung tree produces great economic value, some important genetic and physiological traits in V. fordii have not been fully recognized. As one of them, the effect of pollen on the maternal plant (xenia) is unknown in V. fordii, which is an important part of the efficient cultivation system of many crops. This study performed hybridization with three important tung cultivars (Dami, Xiaomi and Putao) to evaluate the influence of pollen source on fruit and seed development. The results revealed that xenia is present in V. fordii, which influences fruit setting, fruit size, seed weight and oil content. Among the cultivars investigated, the hybridization combination with Putao as a female parent and Dami as male parent showed significant improvement of seed yield and oil content than self-pollination, which could be considered to apply in practice.