Research on the flow stability and noise reduction characteristics of quasi-periodic elastic support skin

To enhance flow stability and reduce hydrodynamic noise caused by fluctuating pressure,a quasiperiodic elastic support skin composed of flexible walls and elastic support elements is proposed for fluid noise reduction.The arrangement of the elastic support element is determined by the equivalent periodic distance and quasi-periodic coefficient.In this paper,a dynamic model of skin in a fluid environment is established.The influence of equivalent periodic distance and quasi-periodic coefficient on flow stability is investigated.The results suggest that arranging the elastic support elements in accordance with the quasi-periodic law can effectively enhance flow stability.Meanwhile,the hydrodynamic noise calculation results demonstrate that the skin exhibits excellent noise reduction performance,with reductions of 10 dB in the streamwise direction,11 dB in the spanwise direction,and 10 dB in the normal direction.The results also demonstrate that the stability analysis method can serve as a diagnostic tool for flow fields and guide the design of noise reduction structures.

碳酸酯类电解液中纳米银电极界面过程的原位拉曼光谱研究

锂电池体系中负极表面固态电解质界面相(SEI)对锂电池性能起到至关重要的作用。然而,SEI结构和化学组成复杂,其形成机理至今仍未完全阐明,阻碍了锂电池的发展和应用。本文从方法学角度出发,采用表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)“借力”策略,通过优化银纳米粒子的结构并借助其外来表面局域等离激元共振作用,开展以EC-DMC为溶剂的碳酸酯类电解液体系中SEI成膜过程的原位研究。为了确保可靠的原位SERS测试,我们设计了一种三电极体系气密拉曼电池。我们利用原位SERS方法,在纳米银电极上获得了SEI成膜过程的组成和结构信息。研究表明,SEI随电位变化呈现出双层结构,其中内层由薄且致密的无机组分构成,外层由疏松的有机组分构成。同时,研究发现LEMC是EC还原的主要成分,而不是LEDC,且金属锂参与的化学反应在形成稳定SEI中的起到关键作用。此外,锂发生沉积后,由于锂与银的合金效应导致其介电常数发生变化,从而削无法进一步增强SEI的拉曼信号。本文为深入理解负极表面SEI的形成及演变过程提供依据,并为今后开展锂电池体系相关界面过程的原位研究提供借鉴。

A Tip-Inhibitor Interphase Embedded with Soluble Polysulfides for High-Voltage Li Metal Batteries

The high-voltage battery has now become a goal in order to meet the demands for high energy density.However,the severe side reactions between Li metal and carbonate-based electrolytes in this system result in unstable interphase,leading to non-uniform Li-ion flux and thus aggravating the dendrite growth of Li.The protect interphase,traditional solid electrolyte interface(SEI),is a loose solid layer consisted of many components,which generally does not possess the function of preventing the lithium budding.Herein,based on polysulfide solubility in ester,we proposed a strategy to eliminate the dendrite by constructing a unique SEI in which the dynamic polysulfides were in situ formed and encapsuled.For this purpose,a 2-fluorophenylsulfur pentafluoride(2-FSPF)was employed as an additive in carbonate-based electrolyte that can be decomposed electrochemically during battery operation to form such a polysulfide-rich interphase.These polysulfides with certain fluidity can adhere to dynamically the budding tip of Li metal,as a so-called tip-inhibitor,when the local current density of the tip rising,thus to hinder Li^(+)diffusion toward the tip,resulting in inhibiting the further growth of Li dendrites and leveling the Li deposition.At the current density of 1 mA cm^(-2),the average Coulombic efficiency of Li//Cu cells is as high as 98.39%during 600 cycles,and the stable cycling of Li//Li symmetric cell reaches 3500 h.Furthermore,due to the high anodic stability,the Li//high-voltage LiCoO_(2)(LCO)full cells and Li–O_(2)battery achieve excellent cycle performance with lean electrolyte.

锂硫电池电解液功能性添加剂研究进展

由于具有能量密度高、成本低等优点,锂硫电池成为最有前景的下一代电池体系之一。然而,锂硫电池的实际应用仍面临着严峻挑战,如硫和硫化锂的低电导率、多硫化物的穿梭效应和锂枝晶的生长等。通过电解液的优化,可以改善电极Ⅰ电解质界面,减弱副反应,提高电池性能。其中,电解液中的功能添加剂能有效调节电极界面和电池的氧化还原机制。本文系统性总结了锂硫电池添加剂的最新研究进展,并根据添加剂对锂金属负极的保护作用和对硫正极的稳定作用进行了分类。另外,本文详细讨论了添加剂在硫正极的作用,如抑制多硫化物的溶解和穿梭、充当氧化还原介质、激活硫化锂的沉积与溶解等。最后,本文展望了锂硫电池添加剂的发展前景,希望能对高性能锂硫电池电解液的设计提供借鉴。

Characteristics of turbulence transport for momentum and heat in particle-laden turbulent vertical channel flows

The dynamic and thermal performance of particle-laden turbulent flow is investigated via direction numerical simulation combined with the Lagrangian point-particle tracking under the condition of two-way coupling, with a focus on the contributions of particle feedback effect to momentum and heat transfer of turbulence. We take into account the effects of particles on flow drag and Nusselt number and explore the possibility of drag reduction in conjunction with heat transfer enhancement in particle-laden turbulent flows. The effects of particles on momentum and heat transfer are analyzed, and the possibility of drag reduction in conjunction with heat transfer enhancement for the prototypical case of particle-laden turbulent channel flows is addressed. We present results of turbulence modification and heat transfer in turbulent particle-laden channel flow, which shows the heat transfer reduction when large inertial particles with low specific heat capacity are added to the flow. However, we also found an enhancement of the heat transfer and a small reduction of the flow drag when particles with high specific heat capacity are involved. The present results show that particles, which are active agents, interact not only with the velocity field, but also the temperature field and can cause a dissimilarity in momentum and heat transport. This demonstrates that the possibility to increase heat transfer and suppress friction drag can be achieved with addition of particles with different thermal properties.

The Role of Biochar to Enhance Anaerobic Digestion: A Review

Biochar,one of the products of thermochemical conversion of biomass,possesses specific physiochemical properties such as conductivity,pore adsorption,surface functional groups,and cation exchange capacity.Anaerobic digestion(AD)as a classical bio-wastes conversion technology,suffers from inhibitions,process instability,and methanogenic inefficiency which limit its efficiency.With the advantages of pH buffering,functional microbes enrichment,inhibitors alleviating,and direct interspecies electron transfer(DIET)accelerating,biochar suggests a promising application as additives for AD.Herein,this paper reviewed the noting physicochemical properties of biochar,and discussed its roles and related mechanisms in AD.Further,this paper highlighted the advantages and drawbacks,and pointed out the corresponding challenges and prospects for future research and application of biochar amending AD.

间充质干细胞及其外泌体对肿瘤影响的研究进展

在我国,无论城市还是农村,恶性肿瘤都是我国居民死亡的主要原因。间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)具有多向分化潜能、自我更新能力和良好的免疫调节特性。而外泌体作为MSCs旁分泌的重要物质,在肿瘤微环境中介导细胞间的信息交流与传递,影响肿瘤的发生发展。有研究报道了MSCs及其来源的外泌体对肿瘤的影响具有相互矛盾的发现,一方面MSCs及其外泌体具有肿瘤趋向性,能够靶向特定部位抑制肿瘤生长;另一方面也有证据表明MSCs具有致瘤性,作为肿瘤微环境的一部分影响肿瘤的生长和迁移。本文将综述MSCs及其外泌体与肿瘤发生发展的关系以及MSCs及其外泌体如何在肿瘤发生发展中扮演不同角色,以期为肿瘤的诊断、预后和精准治疗提供有益的帮助。

Impact of spray droplets on momentum and heat transport in a turbulent marine atmospheric boundary layer

Droplet-laden turbulent airflow(i.e. the mixture of dry air and water vapor) in the marine atmospheric boundary layer is described by an open channel flow configuration in direct numerical simulation(DNS). The dispersed phase, the spray droplets are tracked in a Lagrangian framework, and their impact on the carrier airflow is modeled with the two-way coupling between the two phases. A wide-range droplet size is typically found near the air–sea interface according to the sea spray concentration function(SSCF). The interactions of the droplets with turbulent airflow including mass, momentum, and energy exchange are investigated here. We found a balancing mechanism exists in the droplet effects on the turbulent drag coefficient, since spray droplets lead to a decreased vertical turbulent momentum transport, but also lead to an increased droplet contribution to total drag coefficient. For the heat transfer, as droplet mass loading increasing, the total Nusselt number decreases due to the depression of turbulent heat flux and enhanced negative droplet convective flux.

Investigation of turbulence and skin friction modification in particle-laden channel flow using lattice Boltzmann method

Interaction between turbulence and particles is investigated in a channel flow. The fluid motion is calculated using direct numerical simulation(DNS) with a lattice Boltzmann(LB) method, and particles are tracked in a Lagrangian framework through the action of force imposed by the fluid. The particle diameter is smaller than the Kolmogorov length scale, and the point force is used to represent the feedback force of particles on the turbulence. The effects of particles on the turbulence and skin friction coefficient are examined with different particle inertias and mass loadings. Inertial particles suppress intensities of the spanwise and wall-normal components of velocity, and the Reynolds shear stress. It is also found that, relative to the reference particle-free flow,the overall mean skin-friction coefficient is reduced by particles. Changes of near wall turbulent structures such as longer and more regular streamwise low-speed streaks and less ejections and sweeps are the manifestation of drag reduction.

Multiphase flow model developed for simulating gas hydrate transport in horizontal pipe

The hydrate formation or dissociation in deep subsea flow lines is a challenging problem in oil and gas transport systems. The study of multiphase flows is complex while necessary due to the phase changes （i.e., liquid, solid, and gas） that occur with increasing the temperature and decreasing the pressure. A one-dimensional multiphase flow model coupled with a transient hydrate kinetic model is developed to study the characteristics of the multiphase flows for the hydrates formed by the phase changes in the pipes. The multiphase flow model is derived from a multi-fluid model, while has been widely used in modelling multiphase flows. The heat convection between the fluid and the ambient through the pipe wall is considered in the energy balance equation. The developed multiphase flow model is used to simulate the procedure of the hydrate transport. The results show that the formation of the hydrates can cause hold-up oscillations of water and gas.

Effect of inertial particles with different specific heat capacities on heat transfer in particle-laden turbulent flow

The effect of inertial particles with different specific heat on heat transfer in particle-laden turbulent channel flows is studied using the direct numerical simulation（DNS） and the Lagrangian particle tracking method. The simulation uses a two-way coupling model to consider the momentum and thermal interactions between the particles and turbulence. The study shows that the temperature fields display differences between the particle-laden flow with different specific heat particles and the particle-free flow,indicating that the particle specific heat is an important factor that affects the heat transfer process in a particle-laden flow. It is found that the heat transfer capacity of the particle-laden flow gradually increases with the increase of the particle specific heat. This is due to the positive contribution of the particle increase to the heat transfer. In addition,the Nusselt number of a particle-laden flow is compared with that of a particle-free flow.It is found that particles with a large specific heat strengthen heat transfer of turbulent flow, while those with small specific heat weaken heat transfer of turbulent flow.

Reply to Letter to the Editor

WE read with interest the commentary by Vahid Damanpak Moghadam and colleagues.As a matter of fact,Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)has been pandemic globally in a very fast speed and raised great concern all over the world.To provide guidance for anesthesiologists and critical care physicians on performance of endotracheal intubation for COVID-19 patients.

氟化氢在氧化铝表面吸附机理的Al8O12团簇模型量子化学计算

使用密度泛函理论(DFT)对氟化氢分子在由四个氧化铝分子组成的笼状团簇结构表面的吸附行为进行了研究。对吸附过程进行了模拟,并计算了吸附结构、能量以及键级的变化。结果表明,氟化氢分子发生了化学解离吸附,其总吸附能为-267.5 kJ/mol,该吸附过程为强吸附。整个吸附过程分为两个阶段,首先氟化氢分子解离,解离后的氟原子和氢原子分别吸附在三配位铝及其相邻的氧上;然后氢原子向双配位氧转移,跨越势垒,最终吸附在双配位氧处,而氟原子始终吸附在三配位铝处。

Hedgehog pathway orchestrates the interplay of histone modifications and tailors combination epigenetic therapies in breast cancer

Epigenetic therapies that cause genome-wide epigenetic alterations,could trigger local interplay between different histone marks,leading to a switch of transcriptional outcome and therapeutic responses of epigenetic treatment.However,in human cancers with diverse oncogenic activation,how oncogenic pathways cooperate with epigenetic modifiers to regulate the histone mark interplay is poorly understood.We herein discover that the hedgehog(Hh)pathway reprograms the histone methylation landscape in breast cancer,especially in triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC).This facilitates the histone acetylation caused by histone deacetylase(HDAC)inhibitors and gives rise to new therapeutic vulnerability of combination therapies.Specifically,overexpression of zinc finger protein of the cerebellum 1(ZIC1)in breast cancer promotes Hh activation,facilitating the switch of H3K27 methylation(H3K27me)to acetylation(H3K27ac).The mutually exclusive relationship of H3K27me and H3K27ac allows their functional interplay at oncogenic gene locus and switches therapeutic outcomes.Using multiple in vivo breast cancer models including patient-derived TNBC xenograft,we show that Hh signaling-orchestrated H3K27me and H3K27ac interplay tailors combination epigenetic drugs in treating breast cancer.Together,this study reveals the new role of Hh signaling-regulated histone modifications interplay in responding to HDAC inhibitors and suggests new epigenetically-targeted therapeutic solutions for treating TNBC.

A first-principle assisted framework for designing high elastocaloric Ni-Mn-based magnetic shape memory alloy

A large adiabatic temperature change(△T_(ad))is a prerequisite for the application of elastocaloric refriger-ation.Theoretically,a large volume change ratio(△V/V_(0))during martensitic transformation is favorable to enhance△T_(ad).However,the design or prediction of△V/V_(0)in experiments is a complex task because the structure of martensite changes simultaneously when the lattice parameter of austenite is tuned by mod-ifying chemical composition.So far,the solid strategy to tailor△V/V_(0)is still urgently desirable.In this work,a first-principles-based method was proposed to estimate△V/V_(0)for Ni-Mn-based alloys.With this method,the substitution of Ga for In is found to be an effective method to increase the value of△V/V_(0)for Ni-Mn-In alloys.Combined with the strategies of reducing the negative contribution of magnetic en-tropy change(via the substitution of Cu for Mn)and introducing strong crystallographic texture(through directional solidification),an outstanding elastocaloric prototype alloy of Ni_(50)(Mn_(28.5)Cu_(4.5))(In_(14)Ga_(3))was fabricated experimentally.At room temperature,a huge△T_(ad)of-19 K and a large specific adiabatic temperature change of 67.8 K/GPa are obtained.The proposed first-principle-assisted framework opens up the possibility of efficiently tailoring△V/V_(0)to promote the design of advanced elastocaloric refrigerants.

Impact of HIV/HCV Co-Infection on Mortality and Attrition in Antiretroviral Therapy Among People with HIV — Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, 2003–2022

Summary What is already known about this topic?The effects of concurrent human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)/hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection on mortality and patient attrition in those undergoing antiretroviral therapy continue to be a contested area of research.

Characteristics of Migration Among HIV-Positive MSM—Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,China,2005–2021

Summary What is already known about this topic?Migration has a significant impact on the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV).To date,there have been few studies examining the characteristics of migration among HIV-positive men who have sex with men(MSM).What is added by this report?The prevalence of migrants among newly reported HIV-positive MSM in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region increased from 2005 to 2021.Yulin Prefecture had the highest proportion of out-migrant MSM(12.6%),while Nanning Prefecture had the highest proportion of in-migrant MSM(55.9%).Risk factors associated with migration among MSM included being in the 18–24 age range,having a college education or higher,and being a student.

Transformation from Neoproterozoic Sinistral to Early Paleozoic Dextral Shearing for the Jingdezhen Ductile Shear Zone in the Jiangnan Orogen, South China

The Jingdezhen ductile shear zone is evolved from the Neoproterozoic Zhangyuan ophiolite melange belt in the eastern Jiangnan Orogen, South China. Comprehensive study of geometry, kinematics, quartz c-axis fabric, temperature-pressure conditions and geochronology were conducted in this study. The Jingdezhen shear zone extends -180 km along the NE orientation with two groups of subvertical fo- liation and subhorizontal lineation. One group of foliation strikes NEN orientation whereas another one NEE orientation. Field investigation, microscopic observation and quartz c-axis fabric show that sinistral shearing along NEN-striking foliation occurred earlier than dextral shearing along NEE-striking foliation. Syn-tectonic staurolite porphyroblasts and deformation manner of feldspar imply that sinistral shearing occurred at 530-420 ℃ and 6-2 kbar. Deformation manner and c-axis fabric of quartz and pre-tectonic staurolite porphyroblasts indicate that dextral shearing took place at 420-300 ℃. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb and mica ^40Ar/^39Ar dating indicate that the sinistral shearing occurred during Neoproterozoic oro- geny （830-800 Ma） whereas the dextral shearing at 447＋12 Ma. The sinistral shearing resulted from the Neoproterozoic final assembly between the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks. The dextral shearing was caused by Early Paleozoic orogen parallel extension and clockwise rotation.

Tetrahydroisoquinolines as novel histone deacetylase inhibitors for treatment of cancer

Histone acetylation is a critical process in the regulation of chromatin structure and gene expression.Histone deacetylases(HDACs)remove the acetyl group,leading to chromatin condensation and transcriptional repression.HDAC inhibitors are considered a new class of anticancer agents and have been shown to alter gene transcription and exert antitumor effects.This paper describes our work on the structural determination and structure-activity relationship(SAR)optimization of tetrahydroisoquinoline compounds as HDAC inhibitors.These compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit HDAC 1,3,6 and for their ability to inhibit the proliferation of a panel of cancer cell lines.Among these,compound 82 showed the greatest inhibitory activity toward HDAC 1,3,6 and strongly inhibited growth of the cancer cell lines,with results clearly superior to those of the reference compound,vorinostat(SAHA).Compound 82 increased the acetylation of histones H3,H4 and tubulin in a concentration-dependent manner,suggesting that it is a broad inhibitor of HDACs.

Current trends in bio-based elastomer materials

Elastomers play an irreplaceable role in our society due to their unique properties.Natural rubber is directly obtained from plants and is widely used in tires,shoes,etc.Recently,modified natural rubbers are proposed to expand the application of natural rubber.However,these natural rubbers have a limited variety of molecular structures and may not be able to meet ever-demanding applications.Traditional synthetic elastomers have a variety of molecular structures and their properties are used in various fields,but mainly originate from fossil resources.This review deals with bio-based elastomers,and more specifically natural rubber and bio-based synthetic elastomers.Based on reprocessability,bio-based elastomers can also be divided into bio-based chemically cross-linked ones and thermoplastic ones.Compared to traditional fossil-based elastomers,bio-based ones may alleviate environmental pollution and promote the sustainable development of the elastomer industry.