To predict the annual total yields of Chinese aquatic products in future five years ( 2011-2015) ,based on the theory and method of gray system,this paper firstly establishes a conventional GM ( 1,1) model and a gray ...To predict the annual total yields of Chinese aquatic products in future five years ( 2011-2015) ,based on the theory and method of gray system,this paper firstly establishes a conventional GM ( 1,1) model and a gray metabolic GM ( 1,1) model respectively to predict the annual total yields of Chinese aquatic products in 2006-2009 and compare the prediction accuracy between these two models. Then,it selects the model with higher accuracy to predict the annual total yields of Chinese aquatic products in future five years. The comparison indicates that gray metabolic GM ( 1,1) model has higher prediction accuracy and smaller error,thus it is more suitable for prediction of annual total yields of aquatic products. Therefore,it adopts the gray metabolic GM ( 1,1) model to predict annual total yields of Chinese aquatic products in 2011-2015. The prediction results of annual total yields are 55. 32,57. 46,59. 72,62. 02 and 64. 43 million tons respectively in future five years with annual average increase rate of about 3. 7% ,much higher than the objective of 2. 2% specified in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan of the National Fishery Development ( 2011 to 2015) . The results of this research show that the gray metabolic GM ( 1,1) model is suitable for prediction of yields of aquatic products and the total yields of Chinese aquatic products in 2011-2015 will totally be able to realize the objective of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan.展开更多
Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans(S.mutans)is a leading cause of bacterial-induced oral diseases.Current strategies to kill bacteria based on Host defense peptide(HDP)mimicking polymers hold promise to treat oral bacter...Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans(S.mutans)is a leading cause of bacterial-induced oral diseases.Current strategies to kill bacteria based on Host defense peptide(HDP)mimicking polymers hold promise to treat oral bacterial infection.Here,we explore the impact of hydrophobic subunit and chain length variation on the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity ofβ-peptide polymers.The physicochemical and biological prop-erties,such as the toxicity,the antibacterial activity,and the effect on bacterial transcription ofβ-peptide polymers,were systematically investigated with numerous techniques.The results exhibited that the op-timalβ-peptide polymer has low toxicity towards human periodontal ligament fibroblasts,andβ-peptide polymers(especially P3)have more excellent antibacterial activity against S.mutans than metronidazole.In addition,β-peptide polymers inhibited the reversible and irreversible bacterial adhesion during the formation of biofilms.The polymer can promote biofilm dispersion by decreasing the hydrophobicity of bacterial cells after adhering to cell surfaces.Analysis of the transcriptome for S.mutans treated withβ-peptide polymers demonstrated thatβ-peptide polymers could reduce the cariogenicity of S.mutans by impacting the transcription of the energy and acid metabolism-related genes.β-peptide polymers are promising antimicrobial agents in clinical dentistry due to their high antibacterial efficiency and low tox-icity.展开更多
Mg–Al–Fe layered double hydroxides(LDHs) were exfoliated and incorporated in polyether sulfone membranes for the removal of phosphate and fluoride for the first time. The exfoliation methods, coagulation bath, LDH...Mg–Al–Fe layered double hydroxides(LDHs) were exfoliated and incorporated in polyether sulfone membranes for the removal of phosphate and fluoride for the first time. The exfoliation methods, coagulation bath, LDH amount, interfering ions, adsorption isotherm,desorption and reuse of the membranes were investigated. It was found that LDHs could be quickly exfoliated in formamide/N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF) solvent mixtures with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as a stabilizer. The membranes displayed much higher adsorption capacity for phosphate(5.61 mg/g) and faster adsorption rate than the unexfoliated materials. With increased DMF content in the coagulation bath, the static and dynamic adsorption capacity rose. Interference from Cl-and SO4^(2-)(50 mg/L) on adsorption of phosphates was not apparent. The membranes displayed excellent reusability in dynamic adsorption/desorption. The membranes also showed high adsorption capacity for fluorides(1.61 mg/g).展开更多
PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras(PROTACs)technology is a new protein-degradation strategy that has emerged in recent years.It uses bifunctional small molecules to induce the ubiquitination and degradation of target prot...PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras(PROTACs)technology is a new protein-degradation strategy that has emerged in recent years.It uses bifunctional small molecules to induce the ubiquitination and degradation of target proteins through the ubiquitin–proteasome system.PROTACs can not only be used as potential clinical treatments for diseases such as cancer,immune disorders,viral infections,and neurodegenerative diseases,but also provide unique chemical knockdown tools for biological research in a catalytic,reversible,and rapid manner.In 2019,our group published a review article“PROTACs:great opportunities for academia and industry”in the journal,summarizing the representative compounds of PROTACs reported before the end of 2019.In the past 2 years,the entire field of protein degradation has experienced rapid development,including not only a large increase in the number of research papers on protein-degradation technology but also a rapid increase in the number of small-molecule degraders that have entered the clinical and will enter the clinical stage.In addition to PROTAC and molecular glue technology,other new degradation technologies are also developing rapidly.In this article,we mainly summarize and review the representative PROTACs of related targets published in 2020–2021 to present to researchers the exciting developments in the field of protein degradation.The problems that need to be solved in this field will also be briefly introduced.展开更多
Postzygotic mutations are acquired in normal tissues throughout an individual’s lifetime and hold clues for identifying mutagenic factors.Here,we investigated postzygotic mutation spectra of healthy individuals using...Postzygotic mutations are acquired in normal tissues throughout an individual’s lifetime and hold clues for identifying mutagenic factors.Here,we investigated postzygotic mutation spectra of healthy individuals using optimized ultra-deep exome sequencing of the time-series samples from the same volunteer as well as the samples from different individuals.In blood,sperm,and muscle cells,we resolved three common types of mutational signatures.Signatures A and B represent clocklike mutational processes,and the polymorphisms of epigenetic regulation genes influence the proportion of signature B in mutation profiles.Notably,signature C,characterized by C>T transitions at GpCpN sites,tends to be a feature of diverse normal tissues.Mutations of this type are likely to occur early during embryonic development,supported by their relatively high allelic frequencies,presence in multiple tissues,and decrease in occurrence with age.Almost none of the public datasets for tumors feature this signature,except for 19.6%of samples of clear cell renal cell carcinoma with increased activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1(HIF-1)signaling pathway.Moreover,the accumulation of signature C in the mutation profile was accelerated in a human embryonic stem cell line with drug-induced activation of HIF-1α.Thus,embryonic hypoxia may explain this novel signature across multiple normal tissues.Our study suggests that hypoxic condition in an early stage of embryonic development is a crucial factor inducing C>T transitions at GpCpN sites;and individuals’genetic background may also influence their postzygotic mutation profiles.展开更多
The popularity of cloud hosting services also brings in new security chal-lenges:it has been reported that these services are increasingly utilized by miscreants for their malicious online activities.Mitigating this e...The popularity of cloud hosting services also brings in new security chal-lenges:it has been reported that these services are increasingly utilized by miscreants for their malicious online activities.Mitigating this emerging threat,posed by such“bad repositories”(simply Bar),is challenging due to the different hosting strategy to traditional hosting service,the lack of direct observations of the repositories by those outside the cloud,the reluctance of the cloud provider to scan its customers’repositories without their consent,and the unique evasion strategies employed by the adversary.In this paper,we took the first step toward understanding and detecting this emerging threat.Using a small set of“seeds”(i.e.,confirmed Bars),we identified a set of collective features from the websites they serve(e.g.,attempts to hide Bars),which uniquely characterize the Bars.These features were utilized to build a scanner that detected over 600 Bars on leading cloud platforms like Amazon,Google,and 150 K sites,including popular ones like groupon.com,using them.Highlights of our study include the pivotal roles played by these repositories on malicious infrastructures and other important discoveries include how the adversary exploited legitimate cloud repositories and why the adversary uses Bars in the first place that has never been reported.These findings bring such malicious services to the spotlight and contribute to a better understanding and ultimately eliminating this new threat.展开更多
基金Supported by Special Project for Construction of Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System(Grant No.:CARS-46-05)Scientific and Technological Project of Huazhong Agricultural University(Grant No.:52902-0900206038)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No:31201719)
文摘To predict the annual total yields of Chinese aquatic products in future five years ( 2011-2015) ,based on the theory and method of gray system,this paper firstly establishes a conventional GM ( 1,1) model and a gray metabolic GM ( 1,1) model respectively to predict the annual total yields of Chinese aquatic products in 2006-2009 and compare the prediction accuracy between these two models. Then,it selects the model with higher accuracy to predict the annual total yields of Chinese aquatic products in future five years. The comparison indicates that gray metabolic GM ( 1,1) model has higher prediction accuracy and smaller error,thus it is more suitable for prediction of annual total yields of aquatic products. Therefore,it adopts the gray metabolic GM ( 1,1) model to predict annual total yields of Chinese aquatic products in 2011-2015. The prediction results of annual total yields are 55. 32,57. 46,59. 72,62. 02 and 64. 43 million tons respectively in future five years with annual average increase rate of about 3. 7% ,much higher than the objective of 2. 2% specified in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan of the National Fishery Development ( 2011 to 2015) . The results of this research show that the gray metabolic GM ( 1,1) model is suitable for prediction of yields of aquatic products and the total yields of Chinese aquatic products in 2011-2015 will totally be able to realize the objective of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51871050)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2106206)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(No.20180510041)the Liaon-ing Revitalization Talents Program(No.XLYC1907158)the Gen-eral Project of Natural Science Foundation of Science and Tech-nology Department of Liaoning Province(No.2021-MS-308)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.N2120007).
文摘Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans(S.mutans)is a leading cause of bacterial-induced oral diseases.Current strategies to kill bacteria based on Host defense peptide(HDP)mimicking polymers hold promise to treat oral bacterial infection.Here,we explore the impact of hydrophobic subunit and chain length variation on the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity ofβ-peptide polymers.The physicochemical and biological prop-erties,such as the toxicity,the antibacterial activity,and the effect on bacterial transcription ofβ-peptide polymers,were systematically investigated with numerous techniques.The results exhibited that the op-timalβ-peptide polymer has low toxicity towards human periodontal ligament fibroblasts,andβ-peptide polymers(especially P3)have more excellent antibacterial activity against S.mutans than metronidazole.In addition,β-peptide polymers inhibited the reversible and irreversible bacterial adhesion during the formation of biofilms.The polymer can promote biofilm dispersion by decreasing the hydrophobicity of bacterial cells after adhering to cell surfaces.Analysis of the transcriptome for S.mutans treated withβ-peptide polymers demonstrated thatβ-peptide polymers could reduce the cariogenicity of S.mutans by impacting the transcription of the energy and acid metabolism-related genes.β-peptide polymers are promising antimicrobial agents in clinical dentistry due to their high antibacterial efficiency and low tox-icity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Qinghai Qaidam Saline Lake Chemical Science Research Joint Fund (No. U1607109)
文摘Mg–Al–Fe layered double hydroxides(LDHs) were exfoliated and incorporated in polyether sulfone membranes for the removal of phosphate and fluoride for the first time. The exfoliation methods, coagulation bath, LDH amount, interfering ions, adsorption isotherm,desorption and reuse of the membranes were investigated. It was found that LDHs could be quickly exfoliated in formamide/N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF) solvent mixtures with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as a stabilizer. The membranes displayed much higher adsorption capacity for phosphate(5.61 mg/g) and faster adsorption rate than the unexfoliated materials. With increased DMF content in the coagulation bath, the static and dynamic adsorption capacity rose. Interference from Cl-and SO4^(2-)(50 mg/L) on adsorption of phosphates was not apparent. The membranes displayed excellent reusability in dynamic adsorption/desorption. The membranes also showed high adsorption capacity for fluorides(1.61 mg/g).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(#82125034,81773567)National Major Scientific and Technological Project for#2020YFE0202200,#2021YFA1300200,and#2021YFA1302100)Fellowship of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M691832).
文摘PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras(PROTACs)technology is a new protein-degradation strategy that has emerged in recent years.It uses bifunctional small molecules to induce the ubiquitination and degradation of target proteins through the ubiquitin–proteasome system.PROTACs can not only be used as potential clinical treatments for diseases such as cancer,immune disorders,viral infections,and neurodegenerative diseases,but also provide unique chemical knockdown tools for biological research in a catalytic,reversible,and rapid manner.In 2019,our group published a review article“PROTACs:great opportunities for academia and industry”in the journal,summarizing the representative compounds of PROTACs reported before the end of 2019.In the past 2 years,the entire field of protein degradation has experienced rapid development,including not only a large increase in the number of research papers on protein-degradation technology but also a rapid increase in the number of small-molecule degraders that have entered the clinical and will enter the clinical stage.In addition to PROTAC and molecular glue technology,other new degradation technologies are also developing rapidly.In this article,we mainly summarize and review the representative PROTACs of related targets published in 2020–2021 to present to researchers the exciting developments in the field of protein degradation.The problems that need to be solved in this field will also be briefly introduced.
基金supported by the grants from the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB13020500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant Nos.91131905,31471199,and 91631304)+3 种基金the Key Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KJZD-EW-L14 to CZ)the NSFC(Grant Nos.31440057 and 31701081 to WC)the 111 Project(Grant No.B13003 to WC and DZ)the Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.2016098 to DZ and 2019103 to AC)。
文摘Postzygotic mutations are acquired in normal tissues throughout an individual’s lifetime and hold clues for identifying mutagenic factors.Here,we investigated postzygotic mutation spectra of healthy individuals using optimized ultra-deep exome sequencing of the time-series samples from the same volunteer as well as the samples from different individuals.In blood,sperm,and muscle cells,we resolved three common types of mutational signatures.Signatures A and B represent clocklike mutational processes,and the polymorphisms of epigenetic regulation genes influence the proportion of signature B in mutation profiles.Notably,signature C,characterized by C>T transitions at GpCpN sites,tends to be a feature of diverse normal tissues.Mutations of this type are likely to occur early during embryonic development,supported by their relatively high allelic frequencies,presence in multiple tissues,and decrease in occurrence with age.Almost none of the public datasets for tumors feature this signature,except for 19.6%of samples of clear cell renal cell carcinoma with increased activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1(HIF-1)signaling pathway.Moreover,the accumulation of signature C in the mutation profile was accelerated in a human embryonic stem cell line with drug-induced activation of HIF-1α.Thus,embryonic hypoxia may explain this novel signature across multiple normal tissues.Our study suggests that hypoxic condition in an early stage of embryonic development is a crucial factor inducing C>T transitions at GpCpN sites;and individuals’genetic background may also influence their postzygotic mutation profiles.
基金supported in part by the National Science Foundation(grants CNS-1223477,1223495,1527141 and 1618493)。
文摘The popularity of cloud hosting services also brings in new security chal-lenges:it has been reported that these services are increasingly utilized by miscreants for their malicious online activities.Mitigating this emerging threat,posed by such“bad repositories”(simply Bar),is challenging due to the different hosting strategy to traditional hosting service,the lack of direct observations of the repositories by those outside the cloud,the reluctance of the cloud provider to scan its customers’repositories without their consent,and the unique evasion strategies employed by the adversary.In this paper,we took the first step toward understanding and detecting this emerging threat.Using a small set of“seeds”(i.e.,confirmed Bars),we identified a set of collective features from the websites they serve(e.g.,attempts to hide Bars),which uniquely characterize the Bars.These features were utilized to build a scanner that detected over 600 Bars on leading cloud platforms like Amazon,Google,and 150 K sites,including popular ones like groupon.com,using them.Highlights of our study include the pivotal roles played by these repositories on malicious infrastructures and other important discoveries include how the adversary exploited legitimate cloud repositories and why the adversary uses Bars in the first place that has never been reported.These findings bring such malicious services to the spotlight and contribute to a better understanding and ultimately eliminating this new threat.