The telomere-to-telomere genome of Fragaria vesca reveals the genomic evolution of Fragaria and the origin of cultivated octoploid strawberry

Fragaria vesca,commonly known as wild or woodland strawberry,is the most widely distributed diploid Fragaria species and is native to Europe and Asia.Because of its small plant size,low heterozygosity,and relative ease of genetic transformation,F.vesca has been a model plant for fruit research since the publication of its Illumina-based genome in 2011.However,its genomic contribution to octoploid cultivated strawberry remains a long-standing question.Here,we de novo assembled and annotated a telomere-to-telomere,gap-free genome of F.vesca‘Hawaii 4’,with all seven chromosomes assembled into single contigs,providing the highest completeness and assembly quality to date.The gap-free genome is 220785082 bp in length and encodes 36173 protein-coding gene models,including 1153 newly annotated genes.All 14 telomeres and seven centromeres were annotated within the seven chromosomes.Among the three previously recognized wild diploid strawberry ancestors,F.vesca,F.iinumae,and F.viridis,phylogenomic analysis showed that F.vesca and F.viridis are the ancestors of the cultivated octoploid strawberry F.×ananassa,and F.vesca is its closest relative.Three subgenomes of F.×ananassa belong to the F.vesca group,and one is sister to F.viridis.We anticipate that this high-quality,telomere-to-telomere,gap-free F.vesca genome,combined with our phylogenomic inference of the origin of cultivated strawberry,will provide insight into the genomic evolution of Fragaria and facilitate strawberry genetics and molecular breeding.

Engineering Knill–Laflamme–Milburn Entanglement via Dissipation and Coherent Population Trapping in Rydberg Atoms

We present a scheme for dissipatively preparing bipartite Knill–Laflamme–Milburn(KLM)entangled state in a neutral atom system,where the spontaneous emission of excited Rydberg states,combined with the coherent population trapping,is actively exploited to engineer a steady KLM state from an arbitrary initial state.Instead of commonly used antiblockade dynamics of two Rydberg atoms,we particularly utilize the Rydberg–Rydberg interaction as the pumping source to drive the undesired states so that it is unnecessary to satisfy a certain relation with laser detuning.The numerical simulation of the master equation signifies that both the fidelity and the purity above 98%is available with the current feasible parameters,and the corresponding steady-state fidelity is robust to the variations of the dynamical parameters.

Empirical Thermal Investigation of Oil-Immersed Distribution Transformer under Various Loading Conditions

The distribution transformer is the mainstay of the power system.Its internal temperature study is desirable for its safe operation in the power system.The purpose of the present study is to determine direct comprehensive thermal distribution in the distribution transformers for different loading conditions.To achieve this goal,the temperature distribution in the oil,core,and windings are studied at each loading.An experimental study is performed with a 10/0.38 kV,10 kVA oil–immersed transformer equipped with forty–two PT100 sensors(PTs)for temperature measurement installed inside during its manufacturing process.All possible locations for the hottest spot temperature(HST)are considered that made by finite element analysis(FEA)simulation and losses calculations.A resistive load is made to achieve 80%to 120%loading of the test transformer for this experiment.Working temperature is measured in each part of the transformer at all provided loading conditions.It is observed that temperature varies with loading throughout the transformer,and a detailed map of temperature is obtained in the whole test transformer.From these results,the HST stays in the critical section of the primary winding at all loading conditions.This work is helpful to understand the complete internal temperature layout and the location of the HST in distribution transformers.

“Three medicines and three formulas”in COVID-19:from bench to bedside

Chinese guideline has proven effective in the fight against coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)during the global spread of the epidemic.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is widely recognized for its effectiveness in alleviating symptoms,inhibiting disease progress,reducing mortality,and improving the cure rate of patients with COVID-19.During the pandemic,“three medicines and three formulas”(TMTFs)stood out from hundreds of others in registered clinical studies,which became highly recommended as TCM for COVID-19 treatment.The TMTFs not only effectively relieve the clinical symptoms of fever,cough,fatigue,and phlegm,but also substantially shorten the time of nucleic acid negative conversion,improve lung computed tomography imaging features and inflammation,ameliorate clinical biochemical indicators,and reduce sequelae.Their potential pharmacological mechanisms are mainly related to the crosstalk between viral toxicity,endothelial damage,cytokine storm,immune response,and microthrombus.In brief,the clinical effects and the potential mechanisms of TMTFs on COVID-19 were systematically analyzed and summarized covering the entirety of disease development,including virus invasion and replication,immune response and cytokine storm,and acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.This review provides a theoretical basis and reference for the in-depth understanding of the positive role of TMTFs in COVID-19 treatment.

聚烯烃弹性体的熔体流动速率和含量对聚丙烯树脂改性的影响

利用2种不同熔体流动速率的聚烯烃弹性体(POE)为原料,详细研究了其不同含量对2种不同聚丙烯树脂(PP,其中PP-1为普通级聚丙烯树脂,PP-2为高抗冲聚丙烯)的增韧改性效果。首先,将PP和POE按照不同比例进行共混复合,用切粒机切粒并经模具制成样条,然后进行力学性能、熔体流动速率、扫描电子显微镜、热重分析、差示扫描量热法等测试与分析。研究表明,对于2类聚丙烯树脂,熔体流动速率低的POE-1#对高抗冲PP-2树脂的增韧改性效果比普通级PP-1更好,尤其是含量在20%时的冲击强度和断裂伸长率分别为101 kJ/m^(2)和458.8%,相比纯聚丙烯PP-2树脂分别增加了286%和190%;而对于同一种聚丙烯树脂,在POE添加含量低于10%时,熔体流动速率低的POE-1#树脂增韧的复合材料具有更好的热性能和力学性能,同时“岛相”结构更加均匀;在POE添加量高于10%时,熔体流动速率高的POE-2#的增韧效果更优,可为聚丙烯树脂实际应用中的增韧改性提供理论参考。

Dissipative generation for steady-state entanglement of two transmons in circuit QED

We present a dissipative scheme to generate an entangled steady-state between two superconducting transmon qutrits separately embedded in two coupled transmission line resonators in a circuit quantum electrodynamics(QED)setup.In our scheme,the resonant qutrit-resonator interaction and photon hopping between resonators jointly induce asymmetric energy gaps in the dressed state subspaces.The coherent driving fields induce the specific dressed state transition and the dissipative processes lead to the gradual accumulation in the population of target state,combination of both drives the system into a steady-state entanglement.Numerical simulation shows that the maximally entangled state can be produced with high fidelity and strong robustness against the cavity decay and qutrit decay,and no requirements for accurate time control.The scheme is achievable with the current experimental technologies.

The sulfolane-based liquid electrolyte with LiClO_(4)additive for the wide-temperature operating high nickel ternary cathode

An adequate wide temperature electrolyte for high nickel ternary cathode is urgent to further develop high energy density batteries.Herein,a comprehensive double-salt local high-concentration sulfolane-based electrolyte(DLi)is proposed with specific sheath structure to build stable interface on the LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1O2)(NCM811)cathode at wide operating temperature between−60 and 55℃.Lithium perchlorate(LiClO_(4))in combination with high concentration lithium bis-(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide(LiTFSI)strengthens the internal interaction between anion and cation in the solvation structure,increasing Li+transference number of the electrolyte to 0.61.Moreover,the structure and component characteristics of the passive interface layer on NCM811 are modulated,decreasing desolvation energy of Li+ions,benefiting Li+transport dynamics especially at low temperature,and also ensuring the interfacial stability at a wide operating temperature range.As a result,the cathode with DLi exhibits excellent high-temperature storage performance and high capacity retention of 80.5%in 100 cycles at 55℃.Meanwhile,the Li||NCM811 cells can deliver high discharge capacity of 160.1,136.1,and 110.3 mAh·g^(−1)under current density of 0.1 C at−20,−40,and−60℃,maintaining 84.5%,71.8%,and 58.2%of the discharge capacity at 30℃,respectively.Moreover,it enables NCM811 cathode to achieve a reversible capacity of 142.8 mAh·g^(−1)in 200 cycles at−20℃and 0.2 C.Our studies shed light on the molecular strategy of wide operational temperature electrolyte for high nickel ternary cathode.

A Case of Plasma cell variant Castleman Disease

Castleman disease,also known as angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia,is a rare lymphoproliferative disease with a poorly understood etiology.We herein report a 27-year-old male with a six months history of painless and gradually enlarged lymph nodes presented recurrent cough and expectoration with fever and chills for ten days.The patient was recurrent fever even received empiric anti-inflammatory therapy.Then the right cervical follicles biopsy and pathological examination revealed Castleman disease Plasma cell variant.Castleman disease is a rare disorder that is hard to diagnose early.Now,we will review this case,summarize Castleman disease and propose a feasible diagnostic protocol.

PepperHub, an Informatics Hub for the Chili Pepper Research Community

Dear Editor Pepper belongs to the Solanaceae family, which includes many important vegetable crops such as tomato, potato, and eggplant. Not only widely used as vegetables and spicy ingredients, pepper also has diverse applications in pharmaceutics, natural coloring agents, cosmetics, defense repellents, and as ornamental plants （Kim et al., 2014; Qin et al., 2014）. Pepper is among the most widely cultivated and consumed vegetables in the world, with annual production reachincl to 38 million tons in 2011 （www.fao.

Systematic study on size and temporal dependence of micro-LED arrays for display applications

Micro-LEDs are one of the most promising candidates for next-generation displays,yet they are inconvenienced by the efficiency reduction induced by the sidewall defects when pursuing further scaled-down device dimensions.We have systematically investigated both the size and temporal dependence of micro-LEDs.Micro-LED arrays with a mesa size ranging from 7 to 100μm were prepared for display purposes.The luminance and external quantum efficiency(EQE)were measured and discussed.Surprisingly,micro-LED arrays with a smaller mesa size exhibit a higher EQE under 100 ns pulse duration operation when compared with longer pulse duration operations.Under certain short-pulsed excitation,a 7×7μm^(2)micro-LED array even exhibits a>20%higher EQE as compared to the direct current(DC)or the long duration pulse operation condition.We thus concluded that the notorious efficiency reduction induced by sidewall defects in small-sized micro-LED arrays could be significantly reduced by applying short-pulse voltages.

贵州花溪大学城破碎化林地鸟类多样性与嵌套分布格局

为揭示城镇化进程中生境破碎化对鸟类多样性及分布格局的影响,本研究于2017–2019年每年的4–8月使用样线法对贵州花溪大学城26块破碎化林地(面积介于0.3–290.4ha)中的鸟类群落进行了10次调查。共记录到鸟类78种,隶属于11目37科。其中,东洋界物种数占56.4%,古北界物种数占32.1%,广布种占11.5%;有中国特有种1种。剔除高空飞行、非森林鸟类及偶然出现物种后,不同斑块中的鸟类物种数介于12–55之间,平均每个斑块有23.2±10.5种。线性回归分析显示,鸟类物种丰富度与林地斑块的面积有显著相关性,斑块面积越小,鸟类物种丰富度越低;斑块隔离度对物种丰富度没有显著影响。基于物种多度分布矩阵的WNODF(weighted nestedness metric based on overlap and decreasing fill)嵌套分析显示,不同斑块中鸟类群落呈现出反嵌套结构。小斑块中鸟类物种丰富度较低可能与植物丰富度较低、食物资源稀缺和繁育条件不足有关,但短距离的隔离对鸟类迁入或扩散影响有限。环境过滤效应、种间竞争或优先效应可能导致不同斑块间存在较大的物种组成差异,从而导致反嵌套格局。因此,本研究建议在城市规划建设中应注重维持栖息地的完整性,对不同面积大小的破碎化斑块都应加以保护。

Does persistence of showy calyces in Limonium leptolobum enhance pollinator attraction?

Aims The calyx,the outermost whorl of a flower(usually green),has been considered to function to protect flowers.in some species,how-ever,calyces are colorful and retained during seed development.Limonium species have been exploited as cut flower crops because the calyces persist for several months after the corolla has closed.To explore the adaptive significance of the persistent calyx in a desert plant Limonium leptolobum,we ask whether persistence of caly-ces can enhance pollinator attraction by enlarging floral displays,increasing reproductive success in this self-incompatible species.Methods The yellow flower of L.leptolobum lasted 1-2 days but its white,membranous calyx extended fully after the corolla closed,and per-sisted for over 2 months in the field,making hundreds of‘showy flowers’on one individual.To examine the ecological function of calyces,we test the pollinator attraction hypothesis.in an experi-mental population,we compared the difference in visit frequency and visitor behavior between intact inflorescences and inflores-cences with their calyces removed on the same individual plants.Important findingsin four experimental plots four types of floral visitors were observed including bees,butterflies,syrphid flies and day-flying moths.No significant preference was observed between calyx-free and intact inflorescences for both first arrivals and total visit frequency of all types of floral visitors,indicating that the persistence of calyces did not make plants more attractive to potential pollinators.The pollina-tor attraction hypothesis for the showy calyces was not supported by the current data.Whether the calyx in this desert plant helps seed development or has other functions needs further study.

Advances in monoclonal antibody application in myocarditis

Monoclonal antibodies have become a part of daily preparation technologies in many laboratories. Attempts have been made to apply monoclonal antibodies to open a new train of thought for clinical treatments of autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, cancer, and other immune-associated diseases. This paper is a prospective review to anticipate that monoclonal antibody application in the treatment of myocarditis, an inflammatory disease of the heart, could be a novel approach in the future. In order to better understand the current state of the art in monoclonal antibody techniques and advance applications in myocarditis, we, through a significant amount of literature research both domestic and abroad, developed a systematic elaboration of monoclonal antibodies, pathogenesis of myocarditis, and application of monoclonal antibodies in myocarditis. This paper presents review of the literature of some therapeutic aspects of monoclonal antibodies in myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy to demonstrate the advance of monoclonal antibody application in myocarditis and a strong anticipation that monoclonal antibody application may supply an effective therapeutic approach to relieve the severity of myocarditis in the future. Under conventional therapy, myocarditis is typically associated with congestive heart failure as a progressive outcome, indicating the need for alternative therapeutic strategies to improve long-term results. Reviewing some therapeutic aspects of monoclonal antibodies in myocarditis, we recently found that monoclonal antibodies with high purity and strong specificity can accurately act on target and achieve definite progress in the treatment of viral myocarditis in rat model and may meet the need above. However, several issues remain. The technology on how to make a higher homologous and weak immunogenic humanized or human source antibody and the treatment mechanism of monoclonal antibodies may provide solutions for these open issues. If we are to further stimulate progress in the area of clinical decision support, we must continue to develop and refine our understanding and use of monoclonal antibodies in myocarditis.