动态虚拟映射方法在提高SCHC机制压缩效率中的应用

SCHC是一种基于静态上下文的压缩机制。在面对未知流量时,由于需要经常进行上下文信息同步而导致处理效率低下。针对该问题,文章在SCHC的基础之上提出了一种DVM(动态虚拟映射)方法,通过创建一组DVM单元,在未知流量的报头与单元之间建立起动态的映射和复用关系,以建立动态上下文的方式减少状态同步的次数,从而大幅提高压缩效率。

新时期青年大学生网络舆情治理研究

随着新媒体的发展,网络舆情日益成为社会关注的重点和社会治理的热点。青年大学生网络舆情治理研究对培养个体社会治理能力起到积极作用,但是,传统的网络舆情治理体系和手段已经不能适应新形势的需求,青年大学生网络舆情治理陷入被动状态。因此,亟需探索新环境下网络舆情治理的措施和对策,构建新体系、打造新格局、发展新理念、创造新气象,为青年大学生网络舆情治理研究提供坚实的基础。

Relationship between Occurrence and Progression of Lung Cancer and Nocturnal Intermittent Hypoxia, Apnea and Daytime Sleepiness

The possible relationship between lung cancer and nocturnal intermittent hypoxia,apnea and daytime sleepiness,especially the possible relationship between the occurrence and progression of lung cancer and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) was explored.Forty-five cases of primary lung cancer suitable for surgical resection at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University between January 2017 and December 2017 were recruited (lung cancer group),and there were 45 patients in the control group who had no significant differences in age,sex and other general data from lung cancer group.The analyzed covariates included general situation,snore score,the Epworth Sleeping Scale (ESS),Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI),apnea and hypopneas index (AHI),oxygen desaturation index 4 (ODk),lowest arterial oxygen saturation [LSpCh (%)],oxygen below 90% of the time [T90%(min)],the percentage of the total recorded time spend below 90% oxygen saturation (TS90%),to explore the possible relationship between lung cancer and above indicators.The participants were followed up for one year.The results showed that:(1) There was significant difference in body mass index (BMI),ESS,AHI,T90%(min),TS90%,ODh,snore score and LSpCh (%) between lung cancer group and control group (P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in age,gender,PSQI score,incidence of concurrent hypertension,diabetes and coronary heart disease (CHD),and smoking history between the two groups (P>0.05);(2) Patients in the lung cancer group were divided into OSAS subgroup and non- OSAS subgroup according to the international standard for the diagnosis of OSAS.There was significant difference in BMI,age,staging,incidence of concurrent hypertension and concurrent CHD,snore score,ESS score,T90%(min),TS90%,ODh and LSpCh (%) between OSAS subgroup and non-OSAS subgroup (P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in gender,PSQI score,incidence of concurrent diabetes,smoking history and lung cancer type between the two groups (P>0.05);(3) AHI was strongly negatively correlated with the LSpCh (%) and positively with ESS,staging,snoring score,T90%(min),TS90%,ODh and BMI (P<0.05);(4) There were 3 deaths,5 cases of recurrence,and 4 cases of metastasis in OSAS subgroup;and there was 1 death,4 cases of recurrence and 2 cases of metastasis in non-OSAS subgroup during the follow-up period of one year,respectively.There was no significant difference in mortality,recurrence rate and metastasis rate between the two subgroups,and the total rate of deterioration in OSAS subgroup was significantly increased compared to the non-OSAS subgroup (P<0.05).It was concluded that the patients with lung cancer are prone to nocturnal hypoxemia,apnea,snoring and daytime sleepiness compared to control group.The incidence of OSAS in patients with lung cancer was higher,and the difference in the hypoxemia-related indicators was statistically significant.The mortality,recurrence rate,and metastasis rate increases in lung cancer patients with OSAS during the one-year follow-up period,suggesting that OSAS may be a contributing factor to the occurrence and progression of lung cancer.

基于区域划分的星间流量均衡路由算法

将在轨运行阶段产生的大量数据尽快回传到地面信关站是提高低轨卫星网络服务能力的关键。由于地缘政治等因素,我国在海外信关站的部署受到很大限制,导致回传的流量会过度集中于某些链路,容易引起局部网络的过载甚至发生拥塞。针对此问题,提出了一种基于区域划分的流量均衡路由算法,本算法根据卫星与信关站的相对位置对星间流量进行区域划分,然后在轻负荷区域使用预加权最小生成树算法,重负荷区使用拥塞系数权重最优路径算法,最后利用分段路由技术实现两种不同路由算法的一致性转发。按照轻重负荷区域的总面积、流量密度和流量需求作为约束条件进行仿真实验,结果表明在平均拒绝率、平均吞吐量、最大带宽利用率和平均延迟等方面,随着重负荷区域面积的扩大,系统的流量均衡能力可随之提高,有效限制了网络拥塞的发生。

Facile synthesis of lightweight 3D hierarchical Ni Co_(2)O_(4) nanoflowers/reduced graphene oxide composite foams with excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance

Considering the high filling ratios,high densities,and narrow absorbing bandwidths of the current electromagnetic wave(EMW) absorbers,in this work,we successfully synthesized a 3 D hierarchical NiCo_(2) O_(4) nanoflowers/reduced graphene oxide(NiCo_(2) O_(4)/RGO) composite foam by a simple method under gentle condition.The NiCo_(2) O_(4) nanoflowers and unique 3 D foam structure are beneficial to the refraction and scattering of EMW,which endows the prepared 3 D foam with highly efficient EMW absorption performance.When the ratio between NiCo_(2) O_(4) and RGO in the foam is 1:1,5% mass fraction of NiCo_(2) O_(4/)RGO foam in paraffin wax can reach a minimum reflection loss(RL_(min)) value of-52.2 dB with a thin thickness merely 2.6 mm.Simultaneously,the effective absorption bandwidth(EAB,RL exceeding-10 dB) is7.04 GHz that covers the whole Ku band(10.96-18 GHz).Moreover,the effects of the thickness of the absorber and the loading ratios of the foam in paraffin wax matrix on the EMW absorption properties are also carefully investigated.The results indicate that the optimum EMW absorption performance of NiCo_(2) O_(4/)RGO can be tuned in different bands.The EMW absorption mechanism is ascribed to the proper impedance matching and larger dielectric and magnetic loss produced by the synergy of NiCo_(2) O_(4) and RGO.Therefore,the NiCo_(2) O_(4/)RGO hybrid foam is ideal candidate to be used as high-efficient EMW absorbers with low filling ratio,light weight,and broad frequency bandwidths.

Repairing damaged reputations through targeted poverty alleviation:Evidence from private companies’strategies to deal with negative media coverage

When negative media coverage causes reputational crises,companies must find suitable tools to repair their reputation and reverse their negative image.As a CSR activity with political-and livelihood-related implications,targeted poverty alleviation may be an effective tool.Using data on negative media coverage of Chinese A-share private listed companies,we examine whether companies engage in targeted poverty alleviation in response to reputational crises caused by negative media coverage.We find that negative media coverage leads private companies to engage more actively and intensively in targeted poverty alleviation because of the significant increase in public attention to the bad news.These companies must urgently rebuild their positive image using targeted poverty alleviation to resolve their public opinion crisis.Further analyses suggest that original and in-depth negative media coverage is more likely to cause companies’active participation in targeted poverty alleviation.In addition,negative media coverage is more likely to lead companies to engage in targeted poverty alleviation when they are in heavily polluting industries or face greater pressure from external investors.Finally,we find that active involvement in targeted poverty alleviation helps companies improve their market reputation and thus effectively manage public relations crises caused by negative media coverage.

Clinical characteristics of fatal and recovered cases of coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan,China:a retrospective study

Background:The 2019 novel coronavirus has caused the outbreak of the acute respiratory disease in Wuhan,Hubei Province of China since December 2019.This study was performed to analyze the clinical characteristics of patients who succumbed to and who recovered from 2019 novel coronavirus disease(COVID-19).Methods:Clinical data were collected from two tertiary hospitals in Wuhan.A retrospective investigation was conducted to analyze the clinical characteristics of fatal cases of COVID-19(death group)and we compare them with recovered patients(recovered group).Continuous variables were analyzed using the Mann-WhitneyU test.Categorical variables were analyzed byχ2 test or Fisher exact test as appropriate.Results:Our study enrolled 109 COVID-19 patients who died during hospitalization and 116 recovered patients.The median age of the death group was older than the recovered group(69[62,74]vs.40[33,57]years,Z=9.738,P<0.001).More patients in the death group had underlying diseases(72.5%vs.41.4%,χ2=22.105,P<0.001).Patients in the death group had a significantly longer time of illness onset to hospitalization(10.0[6.5,12.0]vs.7.0[5.0,10.0]days,Z=3.216,P=0.001).On admission,the proportions of patients with symptoms of dyspnea(70.6%vs.19.0%,χ2=60.905,P<0.001)and expectoration(32.1%vs.12.1%,χ2=13.250,P<0.001)were significantly higher in the death group.The blood oxygen saturation was significantly lower in the death group(85[77,91]%vs.97[95,98]%,Z=10.625,P<0.001).The white blood cell(WBC)in death group was significantly higher on admission(7.23[4.87,11.17]vs.4.52[3.62,5.88]×109/L,Z=7.618,P<0.001).Patients in the death group exhibited significantly lower lymphocyte count(0.63[0.40,0.79]vs.1.00[0.72,1.27]×109/L,Z=8.037,P<0.001)and lymphocyte percentage(7.10[4.45,12.73]%vs.23.50[15.27,31.25]%,Z=10.315,P<0.001)on admission,and the lymphocyte percentage continued to decrease during hospitalization(7.10[4.45,12.73]%vs.2.91[1.79,6.13]%,Z=5.242,P<0.001).Alanine transaminase(22.00[15.00,34.00]vs.18.70[13.00,30.38]U/L,Z=2.592,P=0.010),aspartate transaminase(34.00[27.00,47.00]vs.22.00[17.65,31.75]U/L,Z=7.308,P<0.001),and creatinine levels(89.00[72.00,133.50]vs.65.00[54.60,78.75]μmol/L,Z=6.478,P<0.001)were significantly higher in the death group than those in the recovered group.C-reactive protein(CRP)levels were also significantly higher in the death group on admission(109.25[35.00,170.28]vs.3.22[1.04,21.80]mg/L,Z=10.206,P<0.001)and showed no significant improvement after treatment(109.25[35.00,170.28]vs.81.60[27.23,179.08]mg/L,Z=1.219,P=0.233).The patients in the death group had more complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)(89.9%vs.8.6%,χ2=148.105,P<0.001),acute cardiac injury(59.6%vs.0.9%,χ2=93.222,P<0.001),acute kidney injury(18.3%vs.0%,χ2=23.257,P<0.001),shock(11.9%vs.0%,χ2=14.618,P<0.001),and disseminated intravascular coagulation(DIC)(6.4%vs.0%,χ2=7.655,P=0.006).Conclusions:Compared to the recovered group,more patients in the death group exhibited characteristics of advanced age,pre-existing comorbidities,dyspnea,oxygen saturation decrease,increased WBC count,decreased lymphocytes,and elevated CRP levels.More patients in the death group had complications such as ARDS,acute cardiac injury,acute kidney injury,shock,and DIC.

Analysis of factors associated with disease outcomes in hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease

Background Since early December 2019,the 2019 novel coronavirus disease(COVID-19)has caused pneumonia epidemic in Wuhan,Hubei province of China.This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the progression of pneumonia in COVID-19 patients.Associated results will be used to evaluate the prognosis and to find the optimal treatment regimens for COVID-19 pneumonia.Methods Patients tested positive for the COVID-19 based on nucleic acid detection were included in this study.Patients were admitted to 3 tertiary hospitals in Wuhan between December 30,2019,and January 15,2020.Individual data,laboratory indices,imaging characteristics,and clinical data were collected,and statistical analysis was performed.Based on clinical typing results,the patients were divided into a progression group or an improvement/stabilization group.Continuous variables were analyzed using independent samples t-test or Mann-Whitney U test.Categorical variables were analyzed using Chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test.Logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the risk factors for disease progression.Results Seventy-eight patients with COVID-19-induced pneumonia met the inclusion criteria and were included in this study.Efficacy evaluation at 2 weeks after hospitalization indicated that 11 patients(14.1%)had deteriorated,and 67 patients(85.9%)had improved/stabilized.The patients in the progression group were significantly older than those in the disease improvement/stabilization group(66[51,70]vs.37[32,41]years,U=4.932,P=0.001).The progression group had a significantly higher proportion of patients with a history of smoking than the improvement/stabilization group(27.3%vs.3.0%,χ^2=9.291,P=0.018).For all the 78 patients,fever was the most common initial symptom,and the maximum body temperature at admission was significantly higher in the progression group than in the improvement/stabilization group(38.2[37.8,38.6]vs.37.5[37.0,38.4]°C,U=2.057,P=0.027).Moreover,the proportion of patients with respiratory failure(54.5%vs.20.9%,χ^2=5.611,P=0.028)and respiratory rate(34[18,48]vs.24[16,60]breaths/min,U=4.030,P=0.004)were significantly higher in the progression group than in the improvement/stabilization group.C-reactive protein was significantly elevated in the progression group compared to the improvement/stabilization group(38.9[14.3,64.8]vs.10.6[1.9,33.1]mg/L,U=1.315,P=0.024).Albumin was significantly lower in the progression group than in the improvement/stabilization group(36.62±6.60 vs.41.27±4.55 g/L,U=2.843,P=0.006).Patients in the progression group were more likely to receive high-level respiratory support than in the improvement/stabilization group(χ^2=16.01,P=0.001).Multivariate logistic analysis indicated that age(odds ratio[OR],8.546;95%confidence interval[CI]:1.628-44.864;P=0.011),history of smoking(OR,14.285;95%CI:1.577-25.000;P=0.018),maximum body temperature at admission(OR,8.999;95%CI:1.036-78.147,P=0.046),respiratory failure(OR,8.772,95%CI:1.942-40.000;P=0.016),albumin(OR,7.353,95%CI:1.098-50.000;P=0.003),and C-reactive protein(OR,10.530;95%CI:1.224-34.701,P=0.028)were risk factors for disease progression.Conclusions Several factors that led to the progression of COVID-19 pneumonia were identified,including age,history of smoking,maximum body temperature at admission,respiratory failure,albumin,and C-reactive protein.These results can be used to further enhance the ability of management of COVID-19 pneumonia.

Sensors for measuring plant phenotyping:A review

Food crisis is a matter of prime importance because it becomes more severe as the global population grows.Among the solutions to this crisis,breeding is deemed one of the most effective ways.However,traditional phenotyping in breeding is time consuming and laborious,and the database is insufficient to meet the requirements of plant breeders,which hinders the development of breeding.Accordingly,innovations in phenotyping are urgent to solve this bottleneck.The morphometric and physiological parameters of plant are particularly interested to breeders.Numerous sensors have been employed and novel algorithms have been proposed to collect data on such parameters.This paper presents a brief review on the parameter measurement for phenotyping to describe its development in recent years.Some parameters that have been measured in phenotyping are introduced and discussed,including plant height,leaf parameters,in-plant space,chlorophyll,water stress,and biomass.And the measurement methods of each parameter with different sensors were classified and compared.Some comprehensive measurement platforms were also summarized,which are able to measure several parameters simultaneously.Besides,some deficiencies of phenotyping should be addressed,and novel methods should be proposed to reduce cost,improve efficiency,and promote phenotyping in the future.

Targeting UDP-α-D-glucose 6-dehydrogenase alters the CNS tumor immune microenvironment and inhibits glioblastoma growth

Glioblastoma(GBM,WHO grade IV glioma)is the most common and lethal malignant brain tumor in aduts with a dismal prognosis.The extracellular matrix(ECM)supports GBM progression by promoting tumor cell proliferation,migration,and immune escape.Uridine diphosphate(UDP)-glucose 6-dehydrogenase(UGDH)is the rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans that are the principal component of the CNS ECM.We investigated how targeting UGDH in GBM infuence$the GBM immune microenvironment,including tumor-associated microglia/macrophages(TAMs)and T cells.TAMs are the main im-mune effector cells in GBM and can directly target tumor cells if properly activated.In co-cultures of GBM cells and human primary macrophages,UGDH knockdown in GBM cells pro-moted macrophage phagocytosis and M-like polarization.In orthotropic human GBM xeno-grafts and syngeneic mouse glioma models,targeting UGDH decreased ECM deposition,increased TAM phagocytosis marker expression,reduced M2-like TAMS and inhibited tumor growth.UGDH knockdown in GBM cells also promoted cytotoxic T cell ifltration and activa-tion in orthotopic syngeneic mouse glioma models.The potent and in-human-use small mole-cule GAG synthesis inhibitor 4-methylumbelliferone(4-MU)was found to inhibit GBM cell proliferation and migration in vitro,mimic the macrophage and T-cell responses to UGDH knockdown in vitro and in vivo and inhibit growth of orthotopic murine GBM.Our study shows that UGDH supports GBM growth through multiple mechanisms and supports the development of ECM-based therapeutic strategies to simultaneously target tumor cells and their microenvi-ronment.