Raddeanin A promotes apoptosis and ameliorates 5-fluorouracil resistance in cholangiocarcinoma cells

BACKGROUND Bile duct cancer is characterized by fast metastasis and invasion and has been regarded as one of the most aggressive tumors due to the absence of effective diagnosis at an early stage.Therefore,it is in the urgent demand to explore novel diagnostic approaches and therapeutic strategies for bile duct cancer to improve patient survival.Raddeanin A(RA)is extracted from the anemone raddeana regel and has been demonstrated to play antitumor roles in various cancers.AIM To investigate the effects of RA treatment on bile duct cancer cells.METHODS In this study,four cholangiocarcinoma cell lines(RBE,LIPF155C,LIPF178C,and LICCF)treated with RA were used to test the cell viability.The RA-associated cell functional analysis,5-fluorouracil(5-Fu)effectiveness as well as cell cycle-and apoptosis-related protein expression were investigated.RESULTS RA reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent pattern in four cell lines,and the migration and colony formation abilities were also impaired by RA in RBE and LIPF155C cell lines.RA sensitized cell lines to 5-Fu treatment and enhanced the effects of 5-Fu in cholangiocarcinoma.Also,RA decreased protein expression of Wee1,while the combinational effect of RA and 5-Fu decreased protein expressions of cyclooxygenase-2,B cell lymphoma 2,and Wee1 but increased protein levels of Bax,cyclin D1,and cyclin E.CONCLUSION Taken together,the results suggest that RA acts as an anti-cancer agent and enhancer of 5-Fu in bile duct cancer cells via regulating multiple cell cycle and apoptosis-related proteins.This finding provides novel clues to exploring a novel antitumor drug for bile duct cancer.

Microstructure and properties after deformation and aging process of A286 superalloy

This study focuses on the effects of different cold-drawing deformations and aging treatments of solid solution A286 superalloy.The grain configuration,texture,precipitates and tensile strength of A286 superalloy after different deformations and aging treatments were investigated by optical microscopy(OM),field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM),electron back-scattered diffraction(EBSD)and mechanical testing machine.The grain size and configuration of A286 alloy can hardly be changed during aging process.The initially equiaxial and twinned crystals are obvious when deformation is less than30%,while the grain boundaries become blurry and slip bands appear after 35% deformation or more.γ’ phase and Cr-rich carbide are the precipitates of A286 alloy.For each deformation,γ’ phase plays a major role during aging and its amount increases gradually when the aging temperature changes from 650 to 680℃,and a maximum tensile strength appears when following two-stage aging.With deformation increasing,the amounts of γ’ phase and Crrich carbide increase in varying degrees.Meanwhile,the<111>wire textures become more obvious,the tensile strength is enhanced and the kernel average misorientation(KAM)increases gradually;the higher KAM of crystal lattices diffuses from the grain boundary to the matrix gradually.