A technique for the determination of tannin content in traditional Chinese medicine injections(TCMI)was developed based on ultraviolet(UV)spectroscopy.Chemometrics were used to construct a mathematical model of absorp...A technique for the determination of tannin content in traditional Chinese medicine injections(TCMI)was developed based on ultraviolet(UV)spectroscopy.Chemometrics were used to construct a mathematical model of absorption spectrum and tannin reference content of Danshen and Guanxinning injections,and the model was veried and applied.The results showed that the established UV-based spectral partial least squares regression(PLS)tannin content model performed well with a correlation coefficient(r)of 0.952,root mean square error of calibration(RMSEC)of 0.476g/ml,root mean square error of validation(RMSEV)of 1.171g/ml,and root mean square error of prediction(RMSEP)of 0.465g/ml.Pattern recognition models using linear discriminant analysis(LDA)and k nearest neighbor(k-NN)classiers based on UV spectrum could successfully classify different types of injections and different manufacturers.The established method to measure tannin content based on UV spectroscopy is simple,rapid and reliable and provides technical support for quality control of tannin in Chinese medicine injections.展开更多
Here,a metal-organic framework(MOF)-templated strategy was applied to synthesize the CoCeO_(x) bimetallic catalysts by calcining Co partially-substituted Ce-UiO-66.It is indicated that the substituted Co limited Ce ca...Here,a metal-organic framework(MOF)-templated strategy was applied to synthesize the CoCeO_(x) bimetallic catalysts by calcining Co partially-substituted Ce-UiO-66.It is indicated that the substituted Co limited Ce cations in Ce-UiO-66 framework,which affects its growth and structure crystallinity to some extent.After pyrolysis treatment,the derived bimetallic oxide(CoCeO_(x)-M)can basically keep the octahedral structure and the surface area is much higher than the bulk metal composite oxide(CoCeO_(x)-B)prepared by traditional coprecipitation.Results reveal that CoCeO_(x)-M performs the best chlorobenzene degradation capacity,superior stability and vapor tolerance compared with those of CeO_(2)-M(derived from Ce-UiO-66)and CoCeO_(x)-B.At the same time,it is favorable to inhibit the formation of CO during the oxidation reaction.The superior catalytic performance of CoCeO_(x)-M is attributed to a good dispersion of metal cations,high surface area and active oxygen concentration,and good redox property.Moreover,the formation of organic byproducts especially chlorinated organics can be obviously prohibited over CoCeO_(x)-M compared with that of CeO_(2)-M.Mechanism study reveals that chlorobenzene dissociates on the surface of CoCeO_(x)-M to form carboxylates such as acetate species,maleate and phenolate before finally oxidized into CO_(2),H_(2)O,and HCl.The present work poses new insights into the fabrication of efficient catalysts for industrial CVOC purification.展开更多
The wave-particle duality,as a manifestation of Bohr’s complementarity,is usually quantified in terms of path predictability and interference visibility.Various characterizations of the wave-particle duality have bee...The wave-particle duality,as a manifestation of Bohr’s complementarity,is usually quantified in terms of path predictability and interference visibility.Various characterizations of the wave-particle duality have been proposed from an operational perspective,most of them are in forms of inequalities,and some of them are expressed in forms of equalities by incorporating entanglement or coherence.In this work,we shed different insights into the nature of the wave-particle duality by casting it into a form of information conservation in a multi-path interferometer,with uncertainty as a unified theme.More specifically,by employing the simple yet fundamental concept of variance,we establish a resolution of unity,which can be interpreted as a complementarity relation among wave feature,particle feature,and mixedness of a quantum state.This refines or reinterprets some conventional approaches to wave-particle duality,and highlights informational aspects of the issue.The key idea of our approach lies in that a quantum state,as a Hermitian operator,can also be naturally regarded as an observable,with measurement uncertainty(in a state)and state uncertainty(in a measurement)being exploited to quantify particle feature and wave feature of a quantum state,respectively.These two kinds of uncertainties,although both are defined via variance,have fundamentally different properties and capture different features of a state.Together with the mixedness,which is a kind of uncertainty intrinsic to a quantum state,they add up to unity,and thus lead to a characterization of the waveparticle-mixedness complementarity.This triality relation is further illustrated by examples and compared with some popular wave-particle duality or triality relations.展开更多
基金the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province Project(Grant No.2015ZQ022)Zhejiang TCM Health Science and Technology Project(Grant No.2015KYB110)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LY17B020002).
文摘A technique for the determination of tannin content in traditional Chinese medicine injections(TCMI)was developed based on ultraviolet(UV)spectroscopy.Chemometrics were used to construct a mathematical model of absorption spectrum and tannin reference content of Danshen and Guanxinning injections,and the model was veried and applied.The results showed that the established UV-based spectral partial least squares regression(PLS)tannin content model performed well with a correlation coefficient(r)of 0.952,root mean square error of calibration(RMSEC)of 0.476g/ml,root mean square error of validation(RMSEV)of 1.171g/ml,and root mean square error of prediction(RMSEP)of 0.465g/ml.Pattern recognition models using linear discriminant analysis(LDA)and k nearest neighbor(k-NN)classiers based on UV spectrum could successfully classify different types of injections and different manufacturers.The established method to measure tannin content based on UV spectroscopy is simple,rapid and reliable and provides technical support for quality control of tannin in Chinese medicine injections.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22106124,22276145)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(2021JQ-011).
文摘Here,a metal-organic framework(MOF)-templated strategy was applied to synthesize the CoCeO_(x) bimetallic catalysts by calcining Co partially-substituted Ce-UiO-66.It is indicated that the substituted Co limited Ce cations in Ce-UiO-66 framework,which affects its growth and structure crystallinity to some extent.After pyrolysis treatment,the derived bimetallic oxide(CoCeO_(x)-M)can basically keep the octahedral structure and the surface area is much higher than the bulk metal composite oxide(CoCeO_(x)-B)prepared by traditional coprecipitation.Results reveal that CoCeO_(x)-M performs the best chlorobenzene degradation capacity,superior stability and vapor tolerance compared with those of CeO_(2)-M(derived from Ce-UiO-66)and CoCeO_(x)-B.At the same time,it is favorable to inhibit the formation of CO during the oxidation reaction.The superior catalytic performance of CoCeO_(x)-M is attributed to a good dispersion of metal cations,high surface area and active oxygen concentration,and good redox property.Moreover,the formation of organic byproducts especially chlorinated organics can be obviously prohibited over CoCeO_(x)-M compared with that of CeO_(2)-M.Mechanism study reveals that chlorobenzene dissociates on the surface of CoCeO_(x)-M to form carboxylates such as acetate species,maleate and phenolate before finally oxidized into CO_(2),H_(2)O,and HCl.The present work poses new insights into the fabrication of efficient catalysts for industrial CVOC purification.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China,Grant No.2020YFA0712700the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Grant No.FRFTP-19-012A3the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant Nos.11875317 and 61833010。
文摘The wave-particle duality,as a manifestation of Bohr’s complementarity,is usually quantified in terms of path predictability and interference visibility.Various characterizations of the wave-particle duality have been proposed from an operational perspective,most of them are in forms of inequalities,and some of them are expressed in forms of equalities by incorporating entanglement or coherence.In this work,we shed different insights into the nature of the wave-particle duality by casting it into a form of information conservation in a multi-path interferometer,with uncertainty as a unified theme.More specifically,by employing the simple yet fundamental concept of variance,we establish a resolution of unity,which can be interpreted as a complementarity relation among wave feature,particle feature,and mixedness of a quantum state.This refines or reinterprets some conventional approaches to wave-particle duality,and highlights informational aspects of the issue.The key idea of our approach lies in that a quantum state,as a Hermitian operator,can also be naturally regarded as an observable,with measurement uncertainty(in a state)and state uncertainty(in a measurement)being exploited to quantify particle feature and wave feature of a quantum state,respectively.These two kinds of uncertainties,although both are defined via variance,have fundamentally different properties and capture different features of a state.Together with the mixedness,which is a kind of uncertainty intrinsic to a quantum state,they add up to unity,and thus lead to a characterization of the waveparticle-mixedness complementarity.This triality relation is further illustrated by examples and compared with some popular wave-particle duality or triality relations.