Plants must adapt to the constantly changing environment. Adverse environmental conditions trigger various defensive responses, including growth inhibition mediated by phytohormone abscisic acid(ABA). When the stress ...Plants must adapt to the constantly changing environment. Adverse environmental conditions trigger various defensive responses, including growth inhibition mediated by phytohormone abscisic acid(ABA). When the stress recedes, plants must transit rapidly from stress defense to growth recovery, but the underlying mechanisms by which plants switch promptly and accurately between stress resistance and growth are poorly understood. Here, using quantitative phosphoproteomics strategy, we discovered that early ABA signaling activates upstream components of brassinosteroid(BR) signaling through CASEIN KINASE 1-LIKE PROTEIN 2(CKL2).Further investigations showed that CKL2 interacts with and phosphorylates BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1(BRI1), the main BR receptor, to maintain the basal activity of the upstream of BR pathway in plants exposed to continuous stress conditions. When stress recedes, the elevated phosphorylation of BRI1 by CKL2 contributes to the swift reactivation of BR signaling, which results in quick growth recovery. These results suggest that CKL2 plays a critical regulatory role in the rapid switch between growth and stress resistance. Our evidence expands the understanding of how plants modulate stress defense and growth by integrating ABA and BR signaling cascades.展开更多
Grain yield in rice （Oryza sativa L.） is closely related to leaf and flower development. Coordinative regulation of leaf, pollen, and seed development in rice as a critical biological and agricultural question shoul...Grain yield in rice （Oryza sativa L.） is closely related to leaf and flower development. Coordinative regulation of leaf, pollen, and seed development in rice as a critical biological and agricultural question should be addressed. Here we identified two allelic rice mutants with narrow and semi- rolled leaves, named narrow and rolled leaf2-1 （nrl2-1） and nr12- 2. Map-based molecular cloning revealed that NRL2 encodes a novel protein with unknown biochemical function. The mutation of NRL2 caused pleiotropic effects, including a reduction in the number of longitudinal veins, defective abaxial sclerenchymatous cell differentiation, abnormal tape- tum degeneration and microspore development, and the formation of more slender seeds compared with the wild type （WT）. The NRL2 protein interacted with Rolling-leaf （RL14）, causing the leaves of the nrl2 mutants to have a higher cellulose content and lower Iignin content than the WT, which may have been related to sclerenchymatous cell differentia- tion and tapetum degeneration. Thus, this gene is an essential developmental regulator controlling fundamental cellular and developmental processes, serving as a potential breeding target for high-yielding rice cultivars.展开更多
All-inorganic halide perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have acquired great progress,especially CsPbI2Br.However,their photoelectric conversion efficiency(PCE)remains far below the theoretical predictions.Non-radiative recom...All-inorganic halide perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have acquired great progress,especially CsPbI2Br.However,their photoelectric conversion efficiency(PCE)remains far below the theoretical predictions.Non-radiative recombination is one of the important issues affecting the photoelectric performance of the PSCs,and the defective lead ions derived from the evaporation of halide ions in the inorganic perovskite are the principal non-radiative recombination centers.Herein,the non-radiative recombination is effectively suppressed by introducing the N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone(NMP)as a Lewis base molecule to passivate the defective lead ions.Therefore,by adjusting the dosage of NMP,the smooth and pinhole-free CsPbI_(2)Br perovskite film is obtained and the optimized device exhibits a champion PCE of 16.77%with an excellent fill factor(FF)of 0.80.This work proves the effectiveness of passivation using Lewis base molecules to prevent non-radiative recombination defects in inorganic perovskite.展开更多
An efficient asymmetric alkenylation between 3-vinylindoles and isatin derivatives was developed under catalysis of a chiral copper complex.A series of optically active 3-alkenyl-3-substituted oxindoles were obtained ...An efficient asymmetric alkenylation between 3-vinylindoles and isatin derivatives was developed under catalysis of a chiral copper complex.A series of optically active 3-alkenyl-3-substituted oxindoles were obtained in excellent yields and stereoselectivities.The reaction mechanism was proposed and supported by DFT calculation.展开更多
Both the mechanosensitive actin cytoskeleton and caveolae contribute to active processes such as cell migration,morphogenesis,and vesicular trafficking.Although distinct actin components are well studied,how they cont...Both the mechanosensitive actin cytoskeleton and caveolae contribute to active processes such as cell migration,morphogenesis,and vesicular trafficking.Although distinct actin components are well studied,how they contribute to cytoplasmic caveolae,especially in the context of mechano-stress,has remained elusive.Here,we identify two actin-associated mobility stereotypes of caveolin-1(CAV-1)-marked intracellular vesicles,which are characterized as‘dwelling’and‘go and dwelling’.In order to exploit the reason for their distinct dynamics,elongated actin-associated formin functions are perturbed.We find drastically decreased density,increased clustering,and compromised motility of cytoplasmic CAV-1 vesicles resulting from lacking actin nucleator formins by both chemical treatment and RNA silencing of formin genes.Furthermore,hypo-osmosis-stimulated diminishing of CAV-1 is dramatically intensified upon blocking formins.The clustering of CAV-1 vesicles when cells are cultured on soft substrate is also aggravated under formin inhibition condition.Together,we reveal that actin-associated formins are essential for maintaining the dynamic organization of cytoplasmic CAV-1 and importantly its sensitivity upon mechanical challenge.We conclude that tension-controlled actin formins act as a safety valve dampening excessive tension on CAV-1 and safeguarding CAV-1 against mechanical damage.展开更多
文摘Plants must adapt to the constantly changing environment. Adverse environmental conditions trigger various defensive responses, including growth inhibition mediated by phytohormone abscisic acid(ABA). When the stress recedes, plants must transit rapidly from stress defense to growth recovery, but the underlying mechanisms by which plants switch promptly and accurately between stress resistance and growth are poorly understood. Here, using quantitative phosphoproteomics strategy, we discovered that early ABA signaling activates upstream components of brassinosteroid(BR) signaling through CASEIN KINASE 1-LIKE PROTEIN 2(CKL2).Further investigations showed that CKL2 interacts with and phosphorylates BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1(BRI1), the main BR receptor, to maintain the basal activity of the upstream of BR pathway in plants exposed to continuous stress conditions. When stress recedes, the elevated phosphorylation of BRI1 by CKL2 contributes to the swift reactivation of BR signaling, which results in quick growth recovery. These results suggest that CKL2 plays a critical regulatory role in the rapid switch between growth and stress resistance. Our evidence expands the understanding of how plants modulate stress defense and growth by integrating ABA and BR signaling cascades.
基金the Key Research and Development Program,Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2022YFC2303502 and 2021YFC2300204)the Chinese Academy of Sciences-Vice Presidency Science and Technology Silk Road Science Fund(GJHZ2021138)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32222022,92054104,31970660,31925025,and 22293033)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB29050201)the R&D Program of Guangzhou Laboratory(SRPG22-002)。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nos. 91435103 and 31222040)the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund (grant no. 2016QC104)
文摘Grain yield in rice （Oryza sativa L.） is closely related to leaf and flower development. Coordinative regulation of leaf, pollen, and seed development in rice as a critical biological and agricultural question should be addressed. Here we identified two allelic rice mutants with narrow and semi- rolled leaves, named narrow and rolled leaf2-1 （nrl2-1） and nr12- 2. Map-based molecular cloning revealed that NRL2 encodes a novel protein with unknown biochemical function. The mutation of NRL2 caused pleiotropic effects, including a reduction in the number of longitudinal veins, defective abaxial sclerenchymatous cell differentiation, abnormal tape- tum degeneration and microspore development, and the formation of more slender seeds compared with the wild type （WT）. The NRL2 protein interacted with Rolling-leaf （RL14）, causing the leaves of the nrl2 mutants to have a higher cellulose content and lower Iignin content than the WT, which may have been related to sclerenchymatous cell differentia- tion and tapetum degeneration. Thus, this gene is an essential developmental regulator controlling fundamental cellular and developmental processes, serving as a potential breeding target for high-yielding rice cultivars.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFB0303602)Sichuan and Technology Program(Grant No.2018JY0015)Yong Science and Technology Innovation Team Project of SWPU(No.2019CXTD04)。
文摘All-inorganic halide perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have acquired great progress,especially CsPbI2Br.However,their photoelectric conversion efficiency(PCE)remains far below the theoretical predictions.Non-radiative recombination is one of the important issues affecting the photoelectric performance of the PSCs,and the defective lead ions derived from the evaporation of halide ions in the inorganic perovskite are the principal non-radiative recombination centers.Herein,the non-radiative recombination is effectively suppressed by introducing the N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone(NMP)as a Lewis base molecule to passivate the defective lead ions.Therefore,by adjusting the dosage of NMP,the smooth and pinhole-free CsPbI_(2)Br perovskite film is obtained and the optimized device exhibits a champion PCE of 16.77%with an excellent fill factor(FF)of 0.80.This work proves the effectiveness of passivation using Lewis base molecules to prevent non-radiative recombination defects in inorganic perovskite.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21772185)supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB20000000).
文摘An efficient asymmetric alkenylation between 3-vinylindoles and isatin derivatives was developed under catalysis of a chiral copper complex.A series of optically active 3-alkenyl-3-substituted oxindoles were obtained in excellent yields and stereoselectivities.The reaction mechanism was proposed and supported by DFT calculation.
基金This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(92054104 and 31970660)CAS–VPST Silk Road Science Fund 2021(GJHZ2021138)+2 种基金Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2019SHZDZX02)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(19ZR1463000)‘100 Talents Program’from the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Both the mechanosensitive actin cytoskeleton and caveolae contribute to active processes such as cell migration,morphogenesis,and vesicular trafficking.Although distinct actin components are well studied,how they contribute to cytoplasmic caveolae,especially in the context of mechano-stress,has remained elusive.Here,we identify two actin-associated mobility stereotypes of caveolin-1(CAV-1)-marked intracellular vesicles,which are characterized as‘dwelling’and‘go and dwelling’.In order to exploit the reason for their distinct dynamics,elongated actin-associated formin functions are perturbed.We find drastically decreased density,increased clustering,and compromised motility of cytoplasmic CAV-1 vesicles resulting from lacking actin nucleator formins by both chemical treatment and RNA silencing of formin genes.Furthermore,hypo-osmosis-stimulated diminishing of CAV-1 is dramatically intensified upon blocking formins.The clustering of CAV-1 vesicles when cells are cultured on soft substrate is also aggravated under formin inhibition condition.Together,we reveal that actin-associated formins are essential for maintaining the dynamic organization of cytoplasmic CAV-1 and importantly its sensitivity upon mechanical challenge.We conclude that tension-controlled actin formins act as a safety valve dampening excessive tension on CAV-1 and safeguarding CAV-1 against mechanical damage.
