Polo-like kinase 1 as a biomarker predicts the prognosis and immunotherapy of breast invasive carcinoma patients

Invasive breast carcinoma(BRCA)is associated with poor prognosis and high risk of mortality.Therefore,it is critical to identify novel biomarkers for the prognostic assessment of BRCA.Methods:The expression data of polo-like kinase 1(PLK1)in BRCA and the corresponding clinical information were extracted from TCGA and GEO databases.PLK1 expression was validated in diverse breast cancer cell lines by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)and western blotting.Single sample gene set enrichment analysis(ssGSEA)was performed to evaluate immune infiltration in the BRCA microenvironment,and the random forest(RF)and support vector machine(SVM)algorithms were used to screen for the hub infiltrating cells and calculate the immunophenoscore(IPS).The RF algorithm and COX regression model were applied to calculate survival risk scores based on the PLK1 expression and immune cell infiltration.Finally,a prognostic nomogram was constructed with the risk score and pathological stage,and its clinical potential was evaluated by plotting calibration charts and DCA curves.The application of the nomogram was further validated in an immunotherapy cohort.Results:PLK1 expression was significantly higher in the tumor samples in TCGA-BRCA cohort.Furthermore,PLK1 expression level,age and stage were identified as independent prognostic factors of BRCA.While the IPS was unaffected by PLK1 expression,the TMB and MATH scores were higher in the PLK1-high group,and the TIDE scores were higher for the PLK1-low patients.We also identified 6 immune cell types with high infiltration,along with 11 immune cell types with low infiltration in the PLK1-high tumors.A risk score was devised using PLK1 expression and hub immune cells,which predicted the prognosis of BRCA patients.In addition,a nomogram was constructed based on the risk score and pathological staging,and showed good predictive performance.Conclusions:PLK1 expression and immune cell infiltration can predict post-immunotherapy prognosis of BRCA patients.

High-performance RF Switch in 0.13 μm RF SOI process

A high-performance single-pole single-throw(SPST) RF switch for mobile phone RF front-end modules(FEMs) was designed and characterized in a 0.13 μm partially depleted silicon-on-insulator(PD SOI) process. In this paper, the traditional seriesshunt configuration design was improved by introducing a suitably large DC bias resistor and leakage-preventing PMOS, together with the floating body technique. The performance of the RF switch is greatly improved. Furthermore, a new Ron × Coff testing method is also proposed. The size of this SPST RF switch is 0.2 mm2. This switch can be widely used for present 4 G and forthcoming 5 G mobile phone FEMs.

Research on the Factors Influencing the Premium Rate of the Inherent Defects Insurance

This paper introduces the composition of the premium rate of Inherent Defects Insurance,and analyzes the factors influencing the premium rate of the Inherent Defects Insurance.

Analysis of Moral Hazard in Engineering Agent Construction System

Analyze the moral hazard issues in the construction agency system,and enumerate the performance of moral hazard.Deeply analyze the causes,start with strengthening supervision and perfecting incentive measures,eliminate the impact of moral hazard,and give play to the advantages of agent construction.

国家治理视域下政府财务报告审计的机制构建

文章基于"理论分析——经验借鉴——机制构建"的逻辑,首先综合运用治理工具理论、公共受托责任理论、信号传递理论等基础理论,系统剖析了国家治理视域下政府财务报告审计的需求与目标定位;其次,分析了西方主要国家关于政府财务报告审计的实践,并从审计主体、审计准则等方面提出可供中国政府财务报告审计机制建设借鉴的经验;最后,从委托机制、执行机制、结果报送与运用机制、保障机制四个层面构建了政府财务报告审计机制,解决了"谁来审、审什么、如何审、审计结果如何报送与运用、如何保障审计有效实施"等基本问题。

会计学视角下政府资产负债结构分析指标构建

资产是偿付负债的物质基础,识别与防控政府债务风险需要兼顾资产和负债两方面因素。政府资产负债结构分析主要围绕资产与负债之间的资金依存关系及结构变动展开探讨,从资产对负债的保障角度识别政府债务风险。首先,界定政府资产负债结构分析内涵,并将其分为总体结构分析与内部结构分析两个层面;其次,综合考量会计学视角下的政府资产负债特性与分类以及资产负债之间的结构关系,从逻辑上推导出政府资产负债结构分析的基础指标与修正指标;最后,结合政府资产负债信息的供给状况,设定三种政府资产负债结构分析指标计算口径。研究表明,持续优化政府资产负债结构、实现资产管理与负债管理的统筹协调,是防控政府债务风险的可行路径。

政府会计准则执行的行为分析、能力需求与培养路径

会计准则是一种关于会计行为的规则,会计行为建立在一定的会计能力之上,政府会计人员的准则执行能力是影响政府会计准则执行质量的关键因素。政府会计准则执行涵盖了"从认知准则到生成报告"的动态过程,从而构成一个完整的政府会计准则执行循环。政府会计准则在理论与实务方面的创新,扩展了对政府会计人员的执行能力需求,具体表现为准则认知能力、职业判断能力、账务处理能力、报告编制能力等方面。从完善继续教育机制、改进会计职称评价机制、推进政府会计领军人才建设三方面探讨政府会计人员准则执行能力的培养路径,旨在提高政府会计人员的准则执行能力,促进政府会计准则执行质量的持续提升。

Application of cluster analysis to geochemical compositional data for identifying ore-related geochemical anomalies

Cluster analysis is a well-known technique that is used to analyze various types of data. In this study, cluster analysis is applied to geochemical data that describe 1444 stream sediment samples collected in northwestern Xinjiang with a sample spacing of approximately 2 km. Three algorithms （the hierarchical, k-means, and fuzzy cmeans algorithms） and six data transformation methods （the z-score standardization, ZST; the logarithmic transformation, LT; the additive log-ratio transformation, ALT; the centered log-ratio transformation, CLT; the isometric log-ratio transformation, ILT; and no transformation, NT） are compared in terms of their effects on the cluster analysis of the geochemical compositional data. The study shows that, on the one hand, the ZST does not affect the results of columnor variable-based （R-type） cluster analysis, whereas the other methods, including the LT, the ALT, and the CLT, have substantial effects on the results. On the other hand, the results of the row- or observation-based （Q-type） cluster analysis obtained from the geochemical data after applying NT and the ZST are relatively poor. However, we derive some improved results from the geochemical data after applying the CLT, the ILT, the LT, and the ALT. Moreover, the k-means and fuzzy cmeans clustering algorithms are more reliable than the hierarchical algorithm when they are used to cluster the geochemical data. We apply cluster analysis to the geochemical data to explore for Au deposits within the study area, and we obtain a good correlation between the results retrieved by combining the CLT or the ILT with the k-means or fuzzy c-means algorithms and the potential zones of Au mineralization. Therefore, we suggest that the combination of the CLT or the ILT with the k-means or fuzzy c-means algorithms is an effective tool to identify potential zones of mineralization from geochemical data.

High order semi-implicit weighted compact nonlinear scheme for the all-Mach isentropic Euler system

The computation of compressible flows at all Mach numbers is a very challenging problem.An efficient numerical method for solving this problem needs to have shock-capturing capability in the high Mach number regime,while it can deal with stiffness and accuracy in the low Mach number regime.This paper designs a high order semi-implicit weighted compact nonlinear scheme(WCNS)for the all-Mach isentropic Euler system of compressible gas dynamics.To avoid severe Courant-Friedrichs-Levy(CFL)restrictions for low Mach flows,the nonlinear fluxes in the Euler equations are split into stiff and non-stiff components.A third-order implicit-explicit(IMEX)method is used for the time discretization of the split components and a fifth-order WCNS is used for the spatial discretization of flux derivatives.The high order IMEX method is asymptotic preserving and asymptotically accurate in the zero Mach number limit.One-and two-dimensional numerical examples in both compressible and incompressible regimes are given to demonstrate the advantages of the designed IMEX WCNS.