Apples are one of the most important economic crops worldwide.Because of global warming and an aggravation of environmental,abnormally high temperatures occur frequently in fruit-growing season and seriously affect no...Apples are one of the most important economic crops worldwide.Because of global warming and an aggravation of environmental,abnormally high temperatures occur frequently in fruit-growing season and seriously affect normal fruit growth and reduce fruit quality and yield.We took five-year-old Ruixue’(Qinfu 1×Pink Lady;CNA20151469.1) fruits as test materials,and the ambient temperature during fruit development was monitored.The results showed that during the fruit-growing season,especially during the rapid growth stage (July to August),the maximum daily temperature exceeded 30℃ and lasted for more than 40 days.To determine the effects of high temperature stress on the apple fruit resistance,we treated expanding,veraison,and maturity-period fruits at different temperatures.It was found that the fruits of the expanding period showed strong resistance to high temperature stress,whereas during veraison and maturity,fruit resistance to high temperature stress decreased,and the fruit peel browning phenotype appeared.Meanwhile,the content of malonaldehyde (MDA),hydrogen peroxide (H_(2)O_(2)),and superoxide anion (O._(2)^(-)) in the peel gradually increased with increasing temperature.The content of total phenols,flavanol,and flavonoids in the peel decreased substantially at 45℃.Moreover,it was found that polyphenol oxidase gene (MdPPO1) was most sensitive to high temperature stress in apple.Furthermore,transient and stable MdPPO1 overexpression significantly promoted peel browning.The transgenic materials were more sensitive to high temperatures,and browning was more severe compared to non-genetically modified organism (WT).Stable MdPPO1 knockout calli obtained via clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats (CRISPR/Cas9) gene knockout technology reduced the browning phenotype,and the resultant fruits were not sensitive to the effects of high temperature stress.Thus,MdPPO1 expression may be a key factor of high temperature-related changes observed in the browning phenotype that provides a scientific theoretical basis for the selection of high temperature-resistant varieties and apple cultivation and management in the future.展开更多
Blockchain technology,with its attributes of decentralization,immutability,and traceability,has emerged as a powerful catalyst for enhancing traditional industries in terms of optimizing business processes.However,tra...Blockchain technology,with its attributes of decentralization,immutability,and traceability,has emerged as a powerful catalyst for enhancing traditional industries in terms of optimizing business processes.However,transaction performance and scalability has become the main challenges hindering the widespread adoption of blockchain.Due to its inability to meet the demands of high-frequency trading,blockchain cannot be adopted in many scenarios.To improve the transaction capacity,researchers have proposed some on-chain scaling technologies,including lightning networks,directed acyclic graph technology,state channels,and shardingmechanisms,inwhich sharding emerges as a potential scaling technology.Nevertheless,excessive cross-shard transactions and uneven shard workloads prevent the sharding mechanism from achieving the expected aim.This paper proposes a graphbased sharding scheme for public blockchain to efficiently balance the transaction distribution.Bymitigating crossshard transactions and evening-out workloads among shards,the scheme reduces transaction confirmation latency and enhances the transaction capacity of the blockchain.Therefore,the scheme can achieve a high-frequency transaction as well as a better blockchain scalability.Experiments results show that the scheme effectively reduces the cross-shard transaction ratio to a range of 35%-56%and significantly decreases the transaction confirmation latency to 6 s in a blockchain with no more than 25 shards.展开更多
Anthocyanins are valuable compounds in red-fleshed apples.The MdMYB10 transcription factor is an important regulator of the anthocyanin synthesis pathway.However,other transcription factors are key components of the c...Anthocyanins are valuable compounds in red-fleshed apples.The MdMYB10 transcription factor is an important regulator of the anthocyanin synthesis pathway.However,other transcription factors are key components of the complex network controlling anthocyanin synthesis and should be more thoroughly characterized.In this study,we used a yeast-based screening technology to identify MdNAC1 as a transcription factor that positively regulates anthocyanin synthesis.The overexpression of MdNAC1 in apple fruits and calli significantly promoted the accumulation of anthocyanins.In binding experiments,we demonstrated that MdNAC1 combines with the bZIP-type transcription factor MdbZIP23 to activate the transcription of MdMYB10 and MdUFGT.Our analyses also indicated that the expression of MdNAC1 is strongly induced by ABA because of the presence of an ABRE cis-acting element in its promoter.Additionally,the accumulation of anthocyanins in apple calli co-transformed with MdNAC1 and MdbZIP23 increased in the presence of ABA.Therefore,we revealed a novel anthocyanin synthesis mechanism involving the ABA-induced transcription factor MdNAC1 in red-fleshed apples.展开更多
We aim to investigate the propriety of stellar parameter errors of the official data release of the LAMOST lowresolution spectroscopy(LRS)survey.We diagnose the errors of radial velocity(RV),atmospheric parameters([Fe...We aim to investigate the propriety of stellar parameter errors of the official data release of the LAMOST lowresolution spectroscopy(LRS)survey.We diagnose the errors of radial velocity(RV),atmospheric parameters([Fe/H],Teff,logg)andα-enhancement([α/M])for the latest data release version of DR7,including 6,079,235effective spectra of 4,546,803 stars.Based on the duplicate observational sample and comparing the deviation of multiple measurements to their given errors,we find that,in general,the error of[α/M]is largely underestimated,and the error of RV is slightly overestimated.We define a correction factor k to quantify these misestimations and correct the errors to be expressed as proper internal uncertainties.Using this self-calibration technique,we find that the k-factors significantly vary with the stellar spectral types and the spectral signal-to-noise ratio(S/N).Particularly,we reveal a strange but evident trend between k-factors and error themselves for all five stellar parameters.Larger errors tend to have smaller k-factor values,i.e.,they were more overestimated.After the correction,we recreate and quantify the tight correlations between S/N and errors,for all five parameters,while these correlations have dependence on spectral types.It also suggests that the parameter errors from each spectrum should be corrected individually.Finally,we provide the error correction factors of each derived parameter of each spectrum for the entire LAMOST-LRS DR7 and plan to update them for the later data releases.展开更多
Walnut anthracnose induced by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a disastrous disease that severely restricts the development of the walnut industry in China.Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)are involved in adaptive respon...Walnut anthracnose induced by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a disastrous disease that severely restricts the development of the walnut industry in China.Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)are involved in adaptive responses to disease,but their roles in the regulation of walnut anthracnose resistance response are not well defined.In this study,transcriptome analysis demonstrated that a C.gloeosporioides-induced lncRNA,lncRNA109897,located upstream from the target gene JrCCR4,upregulated the expression of JrCCR4.JrCCR4 interacted with JrTLP1b and promoted its transcriptional activity.In turn,JrTLP1b induced the transcription of lncRNA109897 to promote its expression.Meanwhile,transient expression in walnut leaves and stable transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana further proved that lncRNA,JrCCR4,and JrTLP1b improve the resistance of C.gloeosporioides.Collectively,these findings provide insights into the mechanism by which the lncRNA109897-JrCCR4-JrTLP1b transcriptional cascade regulates the resistance of walnut to anthracnose.展开更多
The sulphide capacity of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-FetO slags was studied at 1773 K using gas-slag equilibrium techniques. Utilizing a Pt crucible, the slag was equilibrated with a mixture of gases, namely, CO, CO2, SO2 and ...The sulphide capacity of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-FetO slags was studied at 1773 K using gas-slag equilibrium techniques. Utilizing a Pt crucible, the slag was equilibrated with a mixture of gases, namely, CO, CO2, SO2 and N2 to provide the partial pressure of oxygen and sulphur. It was shown that at fixed FetO and Al2O3 contents and a fixed { (%CaO)+(%MgO)}/(%SIO2) ratio, the sulphide capacity decreases with increasing MgO content. At a constant (%CaO)/(%SiO2) ratio and constant MgO and Al2O3 contents, increasing the FetO content of the slags also results in an increase of the sulphide capacity. The rising basicity of (%CaO)/(%SiO2) from 1.0 to 1.4 at fixed MgO, FetO and Al2O3 contents significantly increases the sulphide capacity.展开更多
In this work,a novel process consisting of calcining-slaking followed by gravity separation for the enrichment of niobium(Nb)and titanium(Ti)from carbonatite pyrochlore ore was proposed,validated and compared with the...In this work,a novel process consisting of calcining-slaking followed by gravity separation for the enrichment of niobium(Nb)and titanium(Ti)from carbonatite pyrochlore ore was proposed,validated and compared with the current mainstream flotation method.During calcining of the pyrochlore ore,within which the carbonates were transformed into lime.Subsequently,when the calcined ore was slaked,lime was transformed into hydroxide with fine particles which were amenable to gravity separation.After calcining at 900℃for 60 min,slaking at 90℃for 10 min with a liquid–solid ratio of 3:1(mL/g),approximately 40%of tailings can be removed by gravity separation,the recoveries of Nb and Ti were 94.7%and 91.0%,and the enrichment ratios of Nb and Ti were 1.61 and 1.43,respectively.The new approach exhibits high separation efficiency of carbonate gangue minerals and valuable minerals,satisfactory recoveries of niobium as well as titanium can be achieved.展开更多
We present a theoretical study of the acoustic properties of graphene-semiconductor layered structures. The transmission coefficient for longitudinal acoustic waves through the structure is evaluated by using the usua...We present a theoretical study of the acoustic properties of graphene-semiconductor layered structures. The transmission coefficient for longitudinal acoustic waves through the structure is evaluated by using the usual transfer matrix method. We find that the finite thickness of the graphene layer can affect significantly the transmission spectrum of the proposed structure. The features of the sound transmittance depend strongly on the number of the graphene layers. For mul-ti-layer graphene-semiconductor structures, the sound transmission spectrum looks very similar to that for an ideal superlattice. For such structures, terahertz acoustic forbidden gap can be observed even when a thick semiconductor layer is considered. These results are the consequence of the Bragg’s condition for sound waves. This study is relevant to the exploration of the acoustic properties of graphene-based layered structures and to the application of graphene as high-frequency acoustic devices.展开更多
The diversity of Linux versions brings challenges to Linux memory analysis,which is an established technique in security and forensic investigations.During memory forensics,kernel data structures are essential informa...The diversity of Linux versions brings challenges to Linux memory analysis,which is an established technique in security and forensic investigations.During memory forensics,kernel data structures are essential information.Existing solutions obtain this information by analyzing debugging information or by decompiling kernel functions to handle a certain range of versions.In this paper,by collecting and analyzing a number of Linux versions,we characterize the properties of different Linux kernel versions and how struct offsets change between versions.Furthermore,the Linux kernel provides over 10,000 configurable features,which leads to different kernel structure layouts for the same kernel version.To deal with this problem,we propose a method of identifying kernel struct layout based on brute-force matching.By examining the relationships between kernel structures,common features are extracted and exploited for brute-force matching.The experimental results show that the proposed technology can deduce structure member offsets accurately and efficiently.展开更多
Live bacteria-mediated antitumor therapies mark a pivotal point in cancer immunotherapy.However,the difficulty in reconciling the safety and efficacy of bacterial therapies has limited their application.Improving bact...Live bacteria-mediated antitumor therapies mark a pivotal point in cancer immunotherapy.However,the difficulty in reconciling the safety and efficacy of bacterial therapies has limited their application.Improving bacterial tumor-targeted delivery while maintaining biosafety is a critical hurdle for the clinical translation of live microbial therapy for cancer.Here,we developed“dead”yet“functional”Salmonella-loaded macrophages using liquid nitrogen cold shock of an attenuated Salmonella typhimurium VNP20009-contained macrophage cell line.The obtained“dead”macrophages achieve an average loading of approximately 257 live bacteria per 100 cells.The engineered cells maintain an intact cellular structure but lose their original pathogenicity,while intracellular bacteria retain their original biological activity and are delay freed,followed by proliferation.This“Trojan horse”-like bacterial camouflage strategy avoids bacterial immunogenicity-induced neutrophil recruitment and activation in peripheral blood,reduces the clearance of bacteria by neutrophils and enhances bacterial tumor enrichment efficiently after systemic administration.Furthermore,this strategy also strongly activated the tumor microenvironment,including increasing antitumor effector cells(including M1-like macrophages and CD8+Teffs)and decreasing protumor effector cells(including M2-like macrophages and CD4+Tregs),and ultimately improved antitumor efficacy in a subcutaneous H22 tumor-bearing mouse model.The cryo-shocked macrophage-mediated bacterial delivery strategy holds promise for expanding the therapeutic applications of living bacteria for cancer.展开更多
With the aim of guaranteeing the interests and health of tourists,this study comprehensively evaluates the suitability of the environment in different cities in China for tourism by considering the impacts of climate,...With the aim of guaranteeing the interests and health of tourists,this study comprehensively evaluates the suitability of the environment in different cities in China for tourism by considering the impacts of climate,vegetation and environmental factors on health.The Universal Thermal Climate Index(UTCI),total precipitation(PREC),Vegetation Leaf Area Index(LAI),concentration of particulate matter with a diameter of less than 2.5μm(PM2.5),and the downward UV radiation at the surface(UVB)are used as indices.In addition,the Delphi–AHP–TOPSIS algorithm is introduced and is used for the comprehensive evaluation of the environmental suitability of 684 cities in China for tourism in 2019.It is found that Chinese cities vary greatly in terms of the suitability of their environments for tourism.Among the factors that affect the environmental suitability,the LAI is important,with an increase in the LAI generally being advantageous.In contrast,an increase in the PM2.5 concentration is a key factor that limits the environmental suitability of an area.Thus,urban landscaping and control of the atmospheric quality are essential and effective ways of improving the suitability of the environment of cities in China for tourists.展开更多
基金supported by China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (Grant No.CARS-27)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No.2452020033)Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Apple。
文摘Apples are one of the most important economic crops worldwide.Because of global warming and an aggravation of environmental,abnormally high temperatures occur frequently in fruit-growing season and seriously affect normal fruit growth and reduce fruit quality and yield.We took five-year-old Ruixue’(Qinfu 1×Pink Lady;CNA20151469.1) fruits as test materials,and the ambient temperature during fruit development was monitored.The results showed that during the fruit-growing season,especially during the rapid growth stage (July to August),the maximum daily temperature exceeded 30℃ and lasted for more than 40 days.To determine the effects of high temperature stress on the apple fruit resistance,we treated expanding,veraison,and maturity-period fruits at different temperatures.It was found that the fruits of the expanding period showed strong resistance to high temperature stress,whereas during veraison and maturity,fruit resistance to high temperature stress decreased,and the fruit peel browning phenotype appeared.Meanwhile,the content of malonaldehyde (MDA),hydrogen peroxide (H_(2)O_(2)),and superoxide anion (O._(2)^(-)) in the peel gradually increased with increasing temperature.The content of total phenols,flavanol,and flavonoids in the peel decreased substantially at 45℃.Moreover,it was found that polyphenol oxidase gene (MdPPO1) was most sensitive to high temperature stress in apple.Furthermore,transient and stable MdPPO1 overexpression significantly promoted peel browning.The transgenic materials were more sensitive to high temperatures,and browning was more severe compared to non-genetically modified organism (WT).Stable MdPPO1 knockout calli obtained via clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats (CRISPR/Cas9) gene knockout technology reduced the browning phenotype,and the resultant fruits were not sensitive to the effects of high temperature stress.Thus,MdPPO1 expression may be a key factor of high temperature-related changes observed in the browning phenotype that provides a scientific theoretical basis for the selection of high temperature-resistant varieties and apple cultivation and management in the future.
基金supported by Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Program of China(2021CXGC010107,2020CXGC010107)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(ZR2020KF035)the New 20 Project of Higher Education of Jinan,China(202228017).
文摘Blockchain technology,with its attributes of decentralization,immutability,and traceability,has emerged as a powerful catalyst for enhancing traditional industries in terms of optimizing business processes.However,transaction performance and scalability has become the main challenges hindering the widespread adoption of blockchain.Due to its inability to meet the demands of high-frequency trading,blockchain cannot be adopted in many scenarios.To improve the transaction capacity,researchers have proposed some on-chain scaling technologies,including lightning networks,directed acyclic graph technology,state channels,and shardingmechanisms,inwhich sharding emerges as a potential scaling technology.Nevertheless,excessive cross-shard transactions and uneven shard workloads prevent the sharding mechanism from achieving the expected aim.This paper proposes a graphbased sharding scheme for public blockchain to efficiently balance the transaction distribution.Bymitigating crossshard transactions and evening-out workloads among shards,the scheme reduces transaction confirmation latency and enhances the transaction capacity of the blockchain.Therefore,the scheme can achieve a high-frequency transaction as well as a better blockchain scalability.Experiments results show that the scheme effectively reduces the cross-shard transaction ratio to a range of 35%-56%and significantly decreases the transaction confirmation latency to 6 s in a blockchain with no more than 25 shards.
基金This study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2020QC144,ZR2022MC017)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32002002)the Key Research and Develop ment Programs of Shandong Provence(2021LZGC024).
文摘Anthocyanins are valuable compounds in red-fleshed apples.The MdMYB10 transcription factor is an important regulator of the anthocyanin synthesis pathway.However,other transcription factors are key components of the complex network controlling anthocyanin synthesis and should be more thoroughly characterized.In this study,we used a yeast-based screening technology to identify MdNAC1 as a transcription factor that positively regulates anthocyanin synthesis.The overexpression of MdNAC1 in apple fruits and calli significantly promoted the accumulation of anthocyanins.In binding experiments,we demonstrated that MdNAC1 combines with the bZIP-type transcription factor MdbZIP23 to activate the transcription of MdMYB10 and MdUFGT.Our analyses also indicated that the expression of MdNAC1 is strongly induced by ABA because of the presence of an ABRE cis-acting element in its promoter.Additionally,the accumulation of anthocyanins in apple calli co-transformed with MdNAC1 and MdbZIP23 increased in the presence of ABA.Therefore,we revealed a novel anthocyanin synthesis mechanism involving the ABA-induced transcription factor MdNAC1 in red-fleshed apples.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under grants U2031139 and 12273091the National Key R&D Program of China No.2019YFA0405501+3 种基金the science research grants from the China Manned Space Project with No.CMS-CSST-2021-A08the support of the UCAS Joint PHD Training ProgramNational Major Scientific Project built by the Chinese Academy of Sciencesprovided by the National Development and Reform Commission。
文摘We aim to investigate the propriety of stellar parameter errors of the official data release of the LAMOST lowresolution spectroscopy(LRS)survey.We diagnose the errors of radial velocity(RV),atmospheric parameters([Fe/H],Teff,logg)andα-enhancement([α/M])for the latest data release version of DR7,including 6,079,235effective spectra of 4,546,803 stars.Based on the duplicate observational sample and comparing the deviation of multiple measurements to their given errors,we find that,in general,the error of[α/M]is largely underestimated,and the error of RV is slightly overestimated.We define a correction factor k to quantify these misestimations and correct the errors to be expressed as proper internal uncertainties.Using this self-calibration technique,we find that the k-factors significantly vary with the stellar spectral types and the spectral signal-to-noise ratio(S/N).Particularly,we reveal a strange but evident trend between k-factors and error themselves for all five stellar parameters.Larger errors tend to have smaller k-factor values,i.e.,they were more overestimated.After the correction,we recreate and quantify the tight correlations between S/N and errors,for all five parameters,while these correlations have dependence on spectral types.It also suggests that the parameter errors from each spectrum should be corrected individually.Finally,we provide the error correction factors of each derived parameter of each spectrum for the entire LAMOST-LRS DR7 and plan to update them for the later data releases.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001340)the Improved Variety Program of Shandong Province of China(2020LZGC090102)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2020QC169)。
文摘Walnut anthracnose induced by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a disastrous disease that severely restricts the development of the walnut industry in China.Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)are involved in adaptive responses to disease,but their roles in the regulation of walnut anthracnose resistance response are not well defined.In this study,transcriptome analysis demonstrated that a C.gloeosporioides-induced lncRNA,lncRNA109897,located upstream from the target gene JrCCR4,upregulated the expression of JrCCR4.JrCCR4 interacted with JrTLP1b and promoted its transcriptional activity.In turn,JrTLP1b induced the transcription of lncRNA109897 to promote its expression.Meanwhile,transient expression in walnut leaves and stable transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana further proved that lncRNA,JrCCR4,and JrTLP1b improve the resistance of C.gloeosporioides.Collectively,these findings provide insights into the mechanism by which the lncRNA109897-JrCCR4-JrTLP1b transcriptional cascade regulates the resistance of walnut to anthracnose.
基金This project was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50574036) and Natural Science Foun-dation of HeBei Province, China (No.502267).
文摘The sulphide capacity of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-FetO slags was studied at 1773 K using gas-slag equilibrium techniques. Utilizing a Pt crucible, the slag was equilibrated with a mixture of gases, namely, CO, CO2, SO2 and N2 to provide the partial pressure of oxygen and sulphur. It was shown that at fixed FetO and Al2O3 contents and a fixed { (%CaO)+(%MgO)}/(%SIO2) ratio, the sulphide capacity decreases with increasing MgO content. At a constant (%CaO)/(%SiO2) ratio and constant MgO and Al2O3 contents, increasing the FetO content of the slags also results in an increase of the sulphide capacity. The rising basicity of (%CaO)/(%SiO2) from 1.0 to 1.4 at fixed MgO, FetO and Al2O3 contents significantly increases the sulphide capacity.
基金the National Key Laboratory in University of Science and Technology Beijing of China (KFI3-02) and the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei province (E2013209339).
基金This work was supported by the Basic Science Center Project for National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72088101)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFC1909800)the Hunan Provincial Innovation Founda-tion for Postgraduate(No.2021zzts0298).
文摘In this work,a novel process consisting of calcining-slaking followed by gravity separation for the enrichment of niobium(Nb)and titanium(Ti)from carbonatite pyrochlore ore was proposed,validated and compared with the current mainstream flotation method.During calcining of the pyrochlore ore,within which the carbonates were transformed into lime.Subsequently,when the calcined ore was slaked,lime was transformed into hydroxide with fine particles which were amenable to gravity separation.After calcining at 900℃for 60 min,slaking at 90℃for 10 min with a liquid–solid ratio of 3:1(mL/g),approximately 40%of tailings can be removed by gravity separation,the recoveries of Nb and Ti were 94.7%and 91.0%,and the enrichment ratios of Nb and Ti were 1.61 and 1.43,respectively.The new approach exhibits high separation efficiency of carbonate gangue minerals and valuable minerals,satisfactory recoveries of niobium as well as titanium can be achieved.
文摘We present a theoretical study of the acoustic properties of graphene-semiconductor layered structures. The transmission coefficient for longitudinal acoustic waves through the structure is evaluated by using the usual transfer matrix method. We find that the finite thickness of the graphene layer can affect significantly the transmission spectrum of the proposed structure. The features of the sound transmittance depend strongly on the number of the graphene layers. For mul-ti-layer graphene-semiconductor structures, the sound transmission spectrum looks very similar to that for an ideal superlattice. For such structures, terahertz acoustic forbidden gap can be observed even when a thick semiconductor layer is considered. These results are the consequence of the Bragg’s condition for sound waves. This study is relevant to the exploration of the acoustic properties of graphene-based layered structures and to the application of graphene as high-frequency acoustic devices.
文摘The diversity of Linux versions brings challenges to Linux memory analysis,which is an established technique in security and forensic investigations.During memory forensics,kernel data structures are essential information.Existing solutions obtain this information by analyzing debugging information or by decompiling kernel functions to handle a certain range of versions.In this paper,by collecting and analyzing a number of Linux versions,we characterize the properties of different Linux kernel versions and how struct offsets change between versions.Furthermore,the Linux kernel provides over 10,000 configurable features,which leads to different kernel structure layouts for the same kernel version.To deal with this problem,we propose a method of identifying kernel struct layout based on brute-force matching.By examining the relationships between kernel structures,common features are extracted and exploited for brute-force matching.The experimental results show that the proposed technology can deduce structure member offsets accurately and efficiently.
基金supported in part by grants from the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(82130106,32250016,82303774)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20230165,BE2023695,BK20231136)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M731634)Nanjing Special Fund for Life and Health Science and Technology(202110016)Changzhou Municipal Department of Science and Technology(CJ20230017,CJ20220019,CJ20235009)。
文摘Live bacteria-mediated antitumor therapies mark a pivotal point in cancer immunotherapy.However,the difficulty in reconciling the safety and efficacy of bacterial therapies has limited their application.Improving bacterial tumor-targeted delivery while maintaining biosafety is a critical hurdle for the clinical translation of live microbial therapy for cancer.Here,we developed“dead”yet“functional”Salmonella-loaded macrophages using liquid nitrogen cold shock of an attenuated Salmonella typhimurium VNP20009-contained macrophage cell line.The obtained“dead”macrophages achieve an average loading of approximately 257 live bacteria per 100 cells.The engineered cells maintain an intact cellular structure but lose their original pathogenicity,while intracellular bacteria retain their original biological activity and are delay freed,followed by proliferation.This“Trojan horse”-like bacterial camouflage strategy avoids bacterial immunogenicity-induced neutrophil recruitment and activation in peripheral blood,reduces the clearance of bacteria by neutrophils and enhances bacterial tumor enrichment efficiently after systemic administration.Furthermore,this strategy also strongly activated the tumor microenvironment,including increasing antitumor effector cells(including M1-like macrophages and CD8+Teffs)and decreasing protumor effector cells(including M2-like macrophages and CD4+Tregs),and ultimately improved antitumor efficacy in a subcutaneous H22 tumor-bearing mouse model.The cryo-shocked macrophage-mediated bacterial delivery strategy holds promise for expanding the therapeutic applications of living bacteria for cancer.
基金funded by Beijing Social Science Fund[grant number 20GLC064]It was also supported by a grant from the State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,CAS+5 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 71673015/G031031]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 42071199]Research on coupling mechanism and collaborative optimization of tourism industry evolution and ecological security in ice and snow tourism destinationsthe 2020 National Social Science Fund Art Major Project of China(the International Comparative Study on National Cultural Park Policy)[grant number 20ZD02]Beijing International Studies University’s 2020 Youth Academic Talents Program(Research on hourly tourism suitability prediction of tourism cities based on big data and remote sensing technology),the 2020 New Teaching Staff’s Scientific Research Sailing Plan(Study on dynamic assessment of haze population exposure risk in tourism cities)[grant number KYQH20A011]National Social Science Fund Project:Research on the coordination mechanism between heritage protection and tourism utilization of National Cultural Park[grant number 21bh157].
文摘With the aim of guaranteeing the interests and health of tourists,this study comprehensively evaluates the suitability of the environment in different cities in China for tourism by considering the impacts of climate,vegetation and environmental factors on health.The Universal Thermal Climate Index(UTCI),total precipitation(PREC),Vegetation Leaf Area Index(LAI),concentration of particulate matter with a diameter of less than 2.5μm(PM2.5),and the downward UV radiation at the surface(UVB)are used as indices.In addition,the Delphi–AHP–TOPSIS algorithm is introduced and is used for the comprehensive evaluation of the environmental suitability of 684 cities in China for tourism in 2019.It is found that Chinese cities vary greatly in terms of the suitability of their environments for tourism.Among the factors that affect the environmental suitability,the LAI is important,with an increase in the LAI generally being advantageous.In contrast,an increase in the PM2.5 concentration is a key factor that limits the environmental suitability of an area.Thus,urban landscaping and control of the atmospheric quality are essential and effective ways of improving the suitability of the environment of cities in China for tourists.