This paper considers a linear-quadratic(LQ) meanfield game governed by a forward-backward stochastic system with partial observation and common noise,where a coupling structure enters state equations,cost functionals ...This paper considers a linear-quadratic(LQ) meanfield game governed by a forward-backward stochastic system with partial observation and common noise,where a coupling structure enters state equations,cost functionals and observation equations.Firstly,to reduce the complexity of solving the meanfield game,a limiting control problem is introduced.By virtue of the decomposition approach,an admissible control set is proposed.Applying a filter technique and dimensional-expansion technique,a decentralized control strategy and a consistency condition system are derived,and the related solvability is also addressed.Secondly,we discuss an approximate Nash equilibrium property of the decentralized control strategy.Finally,we work out a financial problem with some numerical simulations.展开更多
Litchi(Litchi chinensis Sonn.)is a type of commercially prevalent subtropical and tropical fruit.Since litchi has a highly heterozygous genetic background and a long reproductive cycle,conventional breeding methods(su...Litchi(Litchi chinensis Sonn.)is a type of commercially prevalent subtropical and tropical fruit.Since litchi has a highly heterozygous genetic background and a long reproductive cycle,conventional breeding methods(such as hybridization)have limited ability to nurture new litchi cultivars.Here,an efficient and stable Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation of embryogenic callus was established in‘Feizixiao’litchi.Transgenic materials were verified using polymerase chain reaction(PCR)analysis,β-glucuronidase(GUS)assay,and green fluorescent protein(GFP)assay.To implement the technology of the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats(CRISPR)/associated protein 9(CRISPR/Cas9)technology in‘Feizixiao’litchi and verify the validity of these transformation systems,the litchi polyphenol oxidase gene(LcPPO,JF926153)was knocked out.Various categories of mutations,covering base insertions,deletions,and substitutions,were found in transgenic materials via sequence analysis.The transformation system achieved high feasibility and efficiency,and the system of CRISPR/Cas9 was successfully employed to edit genes in‘Feizixiao’litchi.This work provides an essential foundation for investigating the functions of genes and accelerating litchi genetic improvement.展开更多
Ferroptosis is a new mode of cell death,which can be induced by Fenton reactionmediated lipid peroxidation.However,the insufficient H2O2 and high GSH in tumor cells restrict the efficiency of Fenton reaction-dependent...Ferroptosis is a new mode of cell death,which can be induced by Fenton reactionmediated lipid peroxidation.However,the insufficient H2O2 and high GSH in tumor cells restrict the efficiency of Fenton reaction-dependent ferroptosis.Herein,a self-supplying lipid peroxide nanoreactor was developed to co-delivery of doxorubicin(DOX),iron and unsaturated lipid for efficient ferroptosis.By leveraging the coordination effect between DOX and Fe3+,trisulfide bond-bridged DOX dimeric prodrug was actively loaded into the core of the unsaturated lipids-rich liposome via iron ion gradient method.First,Fe3+could react with the overexpressed GSH in tumor cells,inducing the GSH depletion and Fe2+generation.Second,the cleavage of trisulfide bond could also consume GSH,and the released DOX induces the generation of H2O2,which would react with the generated Fe2+in step one to induce efficient Fenton reaction-dependent ferroptosis.Third,the formed Fe3+/Fe2+couple could directly catalyze peroxidation of unsaturated lipids to boost Fenton reaction-independent ferroptosis.This iron-prodrug liposome nanoreactor precisely programs multimodal ferroptosis by integrating GSH depletion,ROS generation and lipid peroxidation,providing new sights for efficient cancer therapy.展开更多
Numerous systems have been designed during the past three decades to improve bioavailability of ophthalmic drug delivery,including:ocular prodrugs and nanotechnology-based drug delivery system.The former can improve t...Numerous systems have been designed during the past three decades to improve bioavailability of ophthalmic drug delivery,including:ocular prodrugs and nanotechnology-based drug delivery system.The former can improve the efficacy of ocular drug via enhancing corneal penetration of ocular drugs,prolonging their duration of action and/or reducing the systemic side-effects,unfortunately,some characteristics of the pro-drugs,such as poorly aqueous stability,poorly aqueous solubility and severe eye irritation probably,limit their clinical practice and cannot be ignored.As we all know,nanotech-nology for ocular drug delivery can carry poorly soluble drugs,protect the encapsulated molecules from hydrolysis,control the rate of drug delivery and prolong the precorneal retention of drugs.All of these merits may solve the problems in the utilization of ocular prodrugs and increase the bioavailability of ocular drug delivery.By reviewing recent ad-vances of prodrugs and nanostructures in ocular drug delivery,this paper focus specifically on the promising prospects of nanocarriers overcoming the drawbacks of prodrugs for ophthalmic drug delivery by precorneal routes.展开更多
This work was done to investigate succinylated commercial whey protein isolate(S-WPI)as an oral sustained-release delivery carrier for puerarin 5(PR-5). The succinylation condi-tions were established for S-WPIs by opt...This work was done to investigate succinylated commercial whey protein isolate(S-WPI)as an oral sustained-release delivery carrier for puerarin 5(PR-5). The succinylation condi-tions were established for S-WPIs by optimization of single factor study and Box–Beehnkendesign. The effect of succinylation degree on S-WPIs solubility was evaluated. Physicochem-ical properties of S-WPIs dried by different three methods on their flow ability, particle size,morphology and in vitro release behavior were studied. After preparing PR-5 sustained re-lease protein tablets with S-WPIs as the carrier by direct powder compression method, thedrug release were studied in vitro and the oral pharmacokinetics and bioavailability wasevaluated using in vivo dog model. It was observed that concentration of substrate has asignificant effect on succinylation. Release behavior in vitro showed spry dried S-WPIs with100% succinylation rate and 30% drug loading would be applied to the preparation of PR-5 sustained-release protein tablets based on the swelling mechanism(protein loss). Comparedwith PR-5 conventional tablet with oral administration, T max value of PR-5 sustained-releaseprotein tablets was approximately 1.58 fold greater than those of the conventional tablets asfurther evidenced by the significantly prolonged MRT and T 1/2. The findings demonstratedthat spray-dried S-WPIs has potential as a promising functional excipient for the design of PR-5 oral sustained-release tablets which can fully improve sustained-release effect and oral bioavailability.展开更多
The objective of this study is to compare the targeting ability of activated carbon nanoparticles and nanoliposomes,which are used as carriers for delivering docetaxel(DTX)to the metastatic lymph nodes.In this study,w...The objective of this study is to compare the targeting ability of activated carbon nanoparticles and nanoliposomes,which are used as carriers for delivering docetaxel(DTX)to the metastatic lymph nodes.In this study,we first prepared the DTX-loaded activated carbon nanoparticles(DTX-AC-NPs)by modifying the activated carbon with nitric acid oxidation and absorbing DTX in the concentrated nitro-oxide nanocarbon.We then prepared DTX-loaded nanoliposomes(DTX-LPs)by the proliposome method.The physiochemical properties of DTX-AC-NPs and DTX-LPs were carefully evaluated in vitro.The metastatic lymph node uptake and the injection site retention were investigated by analyzing the DTX concentration in metastatic lymph nodes and injection sites.The result showed that DTX-AC-NPs and DTX-LPs with suitable and stable physicochemical properties could be used for in vivo lymph node targeting studies.DTX-AC-NPs significantly increased DTX-AUC_((0-24)) and prolonged DTX-retention in metastatic lymph nodes compared to DTX-LPs and non-modified activate carbon in vivo.This study demonstrated activated carbon nanoparticles may be potential intralymphatic drug delivery system to preferentially target regional metastatic lymph nodes.展开更多
[Objectives] The study aimed to discuss the high-yield mechanism of Yugu 18.[Methods] The characteristics of sources and sinks of Yugu 18 with high quality, high yield, wide adaptability and multi-resistance to diseas...[Objectives] The study aimed to discuss the high-yield mechanism of Yugu 18.[Methods] The characteristics of sources and sinks of Yugu 18 with high quality, high yield, wide adaptability and multi-resistance to diseases were studied by using Jigu 18 as the control variety.[Results] Yugu 18 was superior in sink capability and the ability to fill sinks. In the filling period, its photosynthetic capacity was strong, and grain-leaf ratio was high. Photosynthetic products had a great contribution to grain filling after flowering, and the coordination between sources and sinks was good.[Conclusions] The research provides theoretical basis for the breeding and cultivation of high-yield foxtail millet.展开更多
Graphene quantum dots(GQDs)refer to graphene fragments with a lateral dimension typically less than 100 nm,which possess unique electrical and optical properties due to the quantum confinement effect.In this study,we ...Graphene quantum dots(GQDs)refer to graphene fragments with a lateral dimension typically less than 100 nm,which possess unique electrical and optical properties due to the quantum confinement effect.In this study,we demonstrate that chemically derived graphene quantum dots show great potential for making highly stretchable and cost-effective strain sensors via an electron tunneling mechanism.Stretch-able strain sensors are critical devices for the field of flexible or wearable electronics which are expected to maintain function up to high strain values(>30%).However,strain sensors based on conventional materials(i.e.metal or semiconductors)or metal nanoparticles(e.g.gold or silver nanoparticles)only work within a small range of strain(i.e.the former have a working range<1%and the latter<3%).In this study,by simply dropcasting solution-processed GQDs between the interdigitated electrodes on polydimethylsiloxane,we obtained devices that can function in the range from 0.06%to over 50%ten-sile strain with both the sensitivity and working range conveniently adjustable by the concentration of GQDs applied.This study provides a new concept for practical applications of GQDs,revealing the poten-tial of this material for smart applications such as artificial skin,human-machine interfaces,and health monitoring.展开更多
Aluminum alloy plates were joined to galvanized steel sheets with lap joint by laser-MIG arc hybrid brazingfusion welding with AlSiS, AlSi12, AlMg5 filler wires, respectively. The influences of Si and Mg on the micros...Aluminum alloy plates were joined to galvanized steel sheets with lap joint by laser-MIG arc hybrid brazingfusion welding with AlSiS, AlSi12, AlMg5 filler wires, respectively. The influences of Si and Mg on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the brazed-fusion welded joint were studied. The increase of Si element in the fusion weld can make the grain refined, and increase the microhardness of the fusion weld. Therefore, the microhardness in fusion weld made from AlSi12 and AlSi5 filler wires can be up to 98.4 HV0.01 and 96.8 HV0.01, which is higher than that from AlMg5 filler wire of 70.4 HV0.01. The highest tensile strength can reach 178.9 MPa made with AlMg5 filler wire. The tensile strength is 172.43 MPa made with AlSi5 filler wire. However, the lowest tensile strength is 144 MPa made with AlSi12 filler wire. The average thicknesses of the intermetallic compounds (IMCs) layer with AlSiS, AlSi12, AlMg5 filler wires are 1.49-2.64 #m. The IMCs layer made from AlSi5, AlSi12 filler wires are identified as FeAl2, Fe2Als, Fe4Al13 and Al0.sFesSio.5, that from AlMg5 filler wire are identified as FeAl2, Fe2Al5 and Fe4Al13.展开更多
As a part of our continuing work to discover bioactive leading molecules from marine microorganism, ethyl acetate fraction of organic extract of the train Stachybotrys longispora FG216 showed fibrinolytic activity in ...As a part of our continuing work to discover bioactive leading molecules from marine microorganism, ethyl acetate fraction of organic extract of the train Stachybotrys longispora FG216 showed fibrinolytic activity in our primary screen. The bioassay-guided purification of the active fractions resulted in isolation of a new isoindolone, FGFC2 (1) (FGFC2, Fungi fibrinolytic compound 2), together with two known compounds, LL-Zl272β (2) and ergosterol (3). The structure of compound 1 was elucidated by the spectral analysis of 1D (^1H, ^13C) NMR, 2D (COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) and ESI-MS. Three compounds were evaluated for fibrinolytic activities in vitro. Compared to FGFC1 (EC50=47 μmol/L) as a reference drug, compound 1 and ergosterol (3) showed moderate fibrinolytic activities in vitro with EC50 values of 108.16 and 156.30 μmol/L, respectively. LL-Z127213 (2) had no fibrinolytic activity.展开更多
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants that accumulate to high levels in human populations that are subject to occupational or regional industry exposure. PBDEs have been show...Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants that accumulate to high levels in human populations that are subject to occupational or regional industry exposure. PBDEs have been shown to affect human neuronal, endocrine and reproductive systems, but their effect on the immune system is not well understood. In this study, experimental adult mice were intragastrically administered 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6'-decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) at doses of 8, 80 or 800 mg/kg of body weight (bw) at 2-day intervals. Our results showed that continuous exposure to BDE-209 resulted in high levels of BDE-209 in the plasma that approached the levels found in people who work in professions with high risks of PDBE exposure. Reduced leukocytes, decreased cytokine (IFN-7, IL-2 and TNF-a) production and lower CD8 T-cell proliferation were observed in the mice exposed to BDE-209. Additionally, mice with long-term BDE-209 exposure had lower numbers of antigen-specific CD8 T cells after immunization with recombinant Listeria monocytogenesexpressing ovalbumin (rLm-OVA) and the OVA-specific CD8 T cells had reduced functionality. Taken together, our study demonstrates that continuous BDE-209 exposure causes adverse effects on the number and functionality of immune cells in adult mice.展开更多
This paper studies the backward-forward linear-quadratic-Gaussian(LQG)games with major and minor agents(players).The state of major agent follows a linear backward stochastic differential equation(BSDE)and the states ...This paper studies the backward-forward linear-quadratic-Gaussian(LQG)games with major and minor agents(players).The state of major agent follows a linear backward stochastic differential equation(BSDE)and the states of minor agents are governed by linear forward stochastic differential equations(SDEs).The major agent is dominating as its state enters those of minor agents.On the other hand,all minor agents are individually negligible but their state-average affects the cost functional of major agent.The mean-field game in such backward-major and forward-minor setup is formulated to analyze the decentralized strategies.We first derive the consistency condition via an auxiliary mean-field SDEs and a 3×2 mixed backward-forward stochastic differential equation(BFSDE)system.Next,we discuss the wellposedness of such BFSDE system by virtue of the monotonicity method.Consequently,we obtain the decentralized strategies for major and minor agents which are proved to satisfy the-Nash equilibrium property.展开更多
What is already known about this topic?The World Health Organization’s(WHO)Global Health Estimates(GHE)reported that acute hepatitis caused 9,213 deaths and 307,720 person years of disability-adjusted life years(DALY...What is already known about this topic?The World Health Organization’s(WHO)Global Health Estimates(GHE)reported that acute hepatitis caused 9,213 deaths and 307,720 person years of disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)in 2016,and acute hepatitis B accounted for 85.81%of all DALYs among acute hepatitis types A,B,C,and E in China.What is added by this report?In China,the percent changes in years lived with disability(YLDs)due to acute hepatitis A,B,and E in groups aged 50–69 years and 70 years or more and in all age groups for acute hepatitis C were increased from 2000 to 2019.What are the implications for public health practices?Effective vaccines,interventions,and treatments are key approaches to achieve the WHO’s goal of reducing new hepatitis infections by 90%and deaths by 65%between 2016 and 2030.展开更多
Skeletonema costatum is a diatom widely distributed in red tide microalgae blooms and as one of the main algae causing harmful algal blooms,because of their rapid reproduction and production of toxic and harmful subst...Skeletonema costatum is a diatom widely distributed in red tide microalgae blooms and as one of the main algae causing harmful algal blooms,because of their rapid reproduction and production of toxic and harmful substances,often play a negative role in aquatic ecosystems,and human health and wellbeing.Bacillomycin D is a nonribosomal cyclic antifungal lipopeptide in the iturins family.In this study,Bacillomycin D was tested for its ability to inhibit the growth of S.costatum.The EC_(50 24h) of Bacillomycin D on S.costatum was 24.70μg/mL.The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters F_(v)/F_(m),F_(v)/F_(o),and yield of the diatoms decreased significantly with increasing concentrations of Bacillomycin D.Study of the mechanism showed that Bacillomycin D induced cell death by changing cell membrane permeability,promoting the release of cellular contents.In this study,transcriptomic analysis showed Bacillomycin D significantly inhibited the photosynthesis and metabolism of S.costatum.These findings investigated the inhibitory effect of Bacillomycin D on the growth of S.costatum and provided a theoretical foundation for the development of new environmentally friendly biological algicide.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1006103,2023YFA1009203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61925306,61821004,11831010,61977043,12001320)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2019ZD42,ZR2020ZD24)the Taishan Scholars Young Program of Shandong(TSQN202211032)the Young Scholars Program of Shandong University。
文摘This paper considers a linear-quadratic(LQ) meanfield game governed by a forward-backward stochastic system with partial observation and common noise,where a coupling structure enters state equations,cost functionals and observation equations.Firstly,to reduce the complexity of solving the meanfield game,a limiting control problem is introduced.By virtue of the decomposition approach,an admissible control set is proposed.Applying a filter technique and dimensional-expansion technique,a decentralized control strategy and a consistency condition system are derived,and the related solvability is also addressed.Secondly,we discuss an approximate Nash equilibrium property of the decentralized control strategy.Finally,we work out a financial problem with some numerical simulations.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2019YFD1000900)the Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund(Grant No.ZDYF2022XDNY253)the earmarked fund for CARS(Grant No.CARS-32-01)。
文摘Litchi(Litchi chinensis Sonn.)is a type of commercially prevalent subtropical and tropical fruit.Since litchi has a highly heterozygous genetic background and a long reproductive cycle,conventional breeding methods(such as hybridization)have limited ability to nurture new litchi cultivars.Here,an efficient and stable Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation of embryogenic callus was established in‘Feizixiao’litchi.Transgenic materials were verified using polymerase chain reaction(PCR)analysis,β-glucuronidase(GUS)assay,and green fluorescent protein(GFP)assay.To implement the technology of the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats(CRISPR)/associated protein 9(CRISPR/Cas9)technology in‘Feizixiao’litchi and verify the validity of these transformation systems,the litchi polyphenol oxidase gene(LcPPO,JF926153)was knocked out.Various categories of mutations,covering base insertions,deletions,and substitutions,were found in transgenic materials via sequence analysis.The transformation system achieved high feasibility and efficiency,and the system of CRISPR/Cas9 was successfully employed to edit genes in‘Feizixiao’litchi.This work provides an essential foundation for investigating the functions of genes and accelerating litchi genetic improvement.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.81872816)the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(no.XLYC180801)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Innovative Talents Support Program(no.BX20190219)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(no.2019M661134).
文摘Ferroptosis is a new mode of cell death,which can be induced by Fenton reactionmediated lipid peroxidation.However,the insufficient H2O2 and high GSH in tumor cells restrict the efficiency of Fenton reaction-dependent ferroptosis.Herein,a self-supplying lipid peroxide nanoreactor was developed to co-delivery of doxorubicin(DOX),iron and unsaturated lipid for efficient ferroptosis.By leveraging the coordination effect between DOX and Fe3+,trisulfide bond-bridged DOX dimeric prodrug was actively loaded into the core of the unsaturated lipids-rich liposome via iron ion gradient method.First,Fe3+could react with the overexpressed GSH in tumor cells,inducing the GSH depletion and Fe2+generation.Second,the cleavage of trisulfide bond could also consume GSH,and the released DOX induces the generation of H2O2,which would react with the generated Fe2+in step one to induce efficient Fenton reaction-dependent ferroptosis.Third,the formed Fe3+/Fe2+couple could directly catalyze peroxidation of unsaturated lipids to boost Fenton reaction-independent ferroptosis.This iron-prodrug liposome nanoreactor precisely programs multimodal ferroptosis by integrating GSH depletion,ROS generation and lipid peroxidation,providing new sights for efficient cancer therapy.
基金special construction projects fund which belongs to“Taishan Scholar-Pharmacy Specially Recruited Experts”.
文摘Numerous systems have been designed during the past three decades to improve bioavailability of ophthalmic drug delivery,including:ocular prodrugs and nanotechnology-based drug delivery system.The former can improve the efficacy of ocular drug via enhancing corneal penetration of ocular drugs,prolonging their duration of action and/or reducing the systemic side-effects,unfortunately,some characteristics of the pro-drugs,such as poorly aqueous stability,poorly aqueous solubility and severe eye irritation probably,limit their clinical practice and cannot be ignored.As we all know,nanotech-nology for ocular drug delivery can carry poorly soluble drugs,protect the encapsulated molecules from hydrolysis,control the rate of drug delivery and prolong the precorneal retention of drugs.All of these merits may solve the problems in the utilization of ocular prodrugs and increase the bioavailability of ocular drug delivery.By reviewing recent ad-vances of prodrugs and nanostructures in ocular drug delivery,this paper focus specifically on the promising prospects of nanocarriers overcoming the drawbacks of prodrugs for ophthalmic drug delivery by precorneal routes.
文摘This work was done to investigate succinylated commercial whey protein isolate(S-WPI)as an oral sustained-release delivery carrier for puerarin 5(PR-5). The succinylation condi-tions were established for S-WPIs by optimization of single factor study and Box–Beehnkendesign. The effect of succinylation degree on S-WPIs solubility was evaluated. Physicochem-ical properties of S-WPIs dried by different three methods on their flow ability, particle size,morphology and in vitro release behavior were studied. After preparing PR-5 sustained re-lease protein tablets with S-WPIs as the carrier by direct powder compression method, thedrug release were studied in vitro and the oral pharmacokinetics and bioavailability wasevaluated using in vivo dog model. It was observed that concentration of substrate has asignificant effect on succinylation. Release behavior in vitro showed spry dried S-WPIs with100% succinylation rate and 30% drug loading would be applied to the preparation of PR-5 sustained-release protein tablets based on the swelling mechanism(protein loss). Comparedwith PR-5 conventional tablet with oral administration, T max value of PR-5 sustained-releaseprotein tablets was approximately 1.58 fold greater than those of the conventional tablets asfurther evidenced by the significantly prolonged MRT and T 1/2. The findings demonstratedthat spray-dried S-WPIs has potential as a promising functional excipient for the design of PR-5 oral sustained-release tablets which can fully improve sustained-release effect and oral bioavailability.
基金the support of Pharmacy Laboratory Centre and Animal Centre of Shenyang Pharmaceutical Universitysupported by the State Key Laboratory(Long-acting and Targeting Drug Delivery System)the Special Construction Project(Taishan ScholarePharmacy Specially Recruited Experts).
文摘The objective of this study is to compare the targeting ability of activated carbon nanoparticles and nanoliposomes,which are used as carriers for delivering docetaxel(DTX)to the metastatic lymph nodes.In this study,we first prepared the DTX-loaded activated carbon nanoparticles(DTX-AC-NPs)by modifying the activated carbon with nitric acid oxidation and absorbing DTX in the concentrated nitro-oxide nanocarbon.We then prepared DTX-loaded nanoliposomes(DTX-LPs)by the proliposome method.The physiochemical properties of DTX-AC-NPs and DTX-LPs were carefully evaluated in vitro.The metastatic lymph node uptake and the injection site retention were investigated by analyzing the DTX concentration in metastatic lymph nodes and injection sites.The result showed that DTX-AC-NPs and DTX-LPs with suitable and stable physicochemical properties could be used for in vivo lymph node targeting studies.DTX-AC-NPs significantly increased DTX-AUC_((0-24)) and prolonged DTX-retention in metastatic lymph nodes compared to DTX-LPs and non-modified activate carbon in vivo.This study demonstrated activated carbon nanoparticles may be potential intralymphatic drug delivery system to preferentially target regional metastatic lymph nodes.
基金Supported by Key Scientific and Technological Project of Anyang CitySpecial Funds for Construction of Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System of Ministry of Agriculture/Ministry of Finance(CARS-06-13.5-B25)
文摘[Objectives] The study aimed to discuss the high-yield mechanism of Yugu 18.[Methods] The characteristics of sources and sinks of Yugu 18 with high quality, high yield, wide adaptability and multi-resistance to diseases were studied by using Jigu 18 as the control variety.[Results] Yugu 18 was superior in sink capability and the ability to fill sinks. In the filling period, its photosynthetic capacity was strong, and grain-leaf ratio was high. Photosynthetic products had a great contribution to grain filling after flowering, and the coordination between sources and sinks was good.[Conclusions] The research provides theoretical basis for the breeding and cultivation of high-yield foxtail millet.
基金support of a Griffith Publication Assis-tance Scholarship(PAS).Q.L.wishes to thank the support from Australian Research Council(Nos.DP160104089,IH 180100002,and DP 200101105).D.C.is grateful for the support of a Griffith Univer-sity New Researcher Grant.The authors are grateful for the support of centre of Microscopy and Microanalysis(CMM)at the University of Queensland for acquiring SEM and TEM images.The authors also thank the Queensland Node of Australian National Fabrication Fa-cility(ANFF)for their assistance in fabrication of photomasks.
文摘Graphene quantum dots(GQDs)refer to graphene fragments with a lateral dimension typically less than 100 nm,which possess unique electrical and optical properties due to the quantum confinement effect.In this study,we demonstrate that chemically derived graphene quantum dots show great potential for making highly stretchable and cost-effective strain sensors via an electron tunneling mechanism.Stretch-able strain sensors are critical devices for the field of flexible or wearable electronics which are expected to maintain function up to high strain values(>30%).However,strain sensors based on conventional materials(i.e.metal or semiconductors)or metal nanoparticles(e.g.gold or silver nanoparticles)only work within a small range of strain(i.e.the former have a working range<1%and the latter<3%).In this study,by simply dropcasting solution-processed GQDs between the interdigitated electrodes on polydimethylsiloxane,we obtained devices that can function in the range from 0.06%to over 50%ten-sile strain with both the sensitivity and working range conveniently adjustable by the concentration of GQDs applied.This study provides a new concept for practical applications of GQDs,revealing the poten-tial of this material for smart applications such as artificial skin,human-machine interfaces,and health monitoring.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50905099)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(No.20090131120027)
文摘Aluminum alloy plates were joined to galvanized steel sheets with lap joint by laser-MIG arc hybrid brazingfusion welding with AlSiS, AlSi12, AlMg5 filler wires, respectively. The influences of Si and Mg on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the brazed-fusion welded joint were studied. The increase of Si element in the fusion weld can make the grain refined, and increase the microhardness of the fusion weld. Therefore, the microhardness in fusion weld made from AlSi12 and AlSi5 filler wires can be up to 98.4 HV0.01 and 96.8 HV0.01, which is higher than that from AlMg5 filler wire of 70.4 HV0.01. The highest tensile strength can reach 178.9 MPa made with AlMg5 filler wire. The tensile strength is 172.43 MPa made with AlSi5 filler wire. However, the lowest tensile strength is 144 MPa made with AlSi12 filler wire. The average thicknesses of the intermetallic compounds (IMCs) layer with AlSiS, AlSi12, AlMg5 filler wires are 1.49-2.64 #m. The IMCs layer made from AlSi5, AlSi12 filler wires are identified as FeAl2, Fe2Als, Fe4Al13 and Al0.sFesSio.5, that from AlMg5 filler wire are identified as FeAl2, Fe2Al5 and Fe4Al13.
基金The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81502955), the Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Shanghai Ocean University (No. A2030214300077), the Young Teachers Training Program of Shanghai (No. A12056160002), and the Project Funded by Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening.
文摘As a part of our continuing work to discover bioactive leading molecules from marine microorganism, ethyl acetate fraction of organic extract of the train Stachybotrys longispora FG216 showed fibrinolytic activity in our primary screen. The bioassay-guided purification of the active fractions resulted in isolation of a new isoindolone, FGFC2 (1) (FGFC2, Fungi fibrinolytic compound 2), together with two known compounds, LL-Zl272β (2) and ergosterol (3). The structure of compound 1 was elucidated by the spectral analysis of 1D (^1H, ^13C) NMR, 2D (COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) and ESI-MS. Three compounds were evaluated for fibrinolytic activities in vitro. Compared to FGFC1 (EC50=47 μmol/L) as a reference drug, compound 1 and ergosterol (3) showed moderate fibrinolytic activities in vitro with EC50 values of 108.16 and 156.30 μmol/L, respectively. LL-Z127213 (2) had no fibrinolytic activity.
基金ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank Yingxin Yu (Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering,Shanghai University) for determining the BDE-209 concentration, Nining Guo and Qibing Leng (Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Science) for the rLm-OVA infections and Xing Zhang (College of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine) for breeding the animals. This work is supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2011CB512104), the 12th Five-Year Plan of National Science and Technology Support (2012BAK17B10) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81101252).
文摘Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants that accumulate to high levels in human populations that are subject to occupational or regional industry exposure. PBDEs have been shown to affect human neuronal, endocrine and reproductive systems, but their effect on the immune system is not well understood. In this study, experimental adult mice were intragastrically administered 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6'-decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) at doses of 8, 80 or 800 mg/kg of body weight (bw) at 2-day intervals. Our results showed that continuous exposure to BDE-209 resulted in high levels of BDE-209 in the plasma that approached the levels found in people who work in professions with high risks of PDBE exposure. Reduced leukocytes, decreased cytokine (IFN-7, IL-2 and TNF-a) production and lower CD8 T-cell proliferation were observed in the mice exposed to BDE-209. Additionally, mice with long-term BDE-209 exposure had lower numbers of antigen-specific CD8 T cells after immunization with recombinant Listeria monocytogenesexpressing ovalbumin (rLm-OVA) and the OVA-specific CD8 T cells had reduced functionality. Taken together, our study demonstrates that continuous BDE-209 exposure causes adverse effects on the number and functionality of immune cells in adult mice.
基金support partly by RGC Grant 502412,15300514,G-YL04.ZWu acknowledges the Natural Science Foundation of China(61573217),111 project(B12023)the National High-level personnel of special support program and the Chang Jiang Scholar Program of Chinese Education Ministry.
文摘This paper studies the backward-forward linear-quadratic-Gaussian(LQG)games with major and minor agents(players).The state of major agent follows a linear backward stochastic differential equation(BSDE)and the states of minor agents are governed by linear forward stochastic differential equations(SDEs).The major agent is dominating as its state enters those of minor agents.On the other hand,all minor agents are individually negligible but their state-average affects the cost functional of major agent.The mean-field game in such backward-major and forward-minor setup is formulated to analyze the decentralized strategies.We first derive the consistency condition via an auxiliary mean-field SDEs and a 3×2 mixed backward-forward stochastic differential equation(BFSDE)system.Next,we discuss the wellposedness of such BFSDE system by virtue of the monotonicity method.Consequently,we obtain the decentralized strategies for major and minor agents which are proved to satisfy the-Nash equilibrium property.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program“Applied Study on the Data-driven Prevention and Control Strategies of the Major Chronic Diseases”(2018YFC1315305).
文摘What is already known about this topic?The World Health Organization’s(WHO)Global Health Estimates(GHE)reported that acute hepatitis caused 9,213 deaths and 307,720 person years of disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)in 2016,and acute hepatitis B accounted for 85.81%of all DALYs among acute hepatitis types A,B,C,and E in China.What is added by this report?In China,the percent changes in years lived with disability(YLDs)due to acute hepatitis A,B,and E in groups aged 50–69 years and 70 years or more and in all age groups for acute hepatitis C were increased from 2000 to 2019.What are the implications for public health practices?Effective vaccines,interventions,and treatments are key approaches to achieve the WHO’s goal of reducing new hepatitis infections by 90%and deaths by 65%between 2016 and 2030.
基金financially supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 32100037,51971100)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2019M661767)+3 种基金Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds (No.2019K015)Natural Science Research General Project of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (No. 20KJB550008)Jiangsu Ocean University Research Funds (No. KQ17028)Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)。
文摘Skeletonema costatum is a diatom widely distributed in red tide microalgae blooms and as one of the main algae causing harmful algal blooms,because of their rapid reproduction and production of toxic and harmful substances,often play a negative role in aquatic ecosystems,and human health and wellbeing.Bacillomycin D is a nonribosomal cyclic antifungal lipopeptide in the iturins family.In this study,Bacillomycin D was tested for its ability to inhibit the growth of S.costatum.The EC_(50 24h) of Bacillomycin D on S.costatum was 24.70μg/mL.The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters F_(v)/F_(m),F_(v)/F_(o),and yield of the diatoms decreased significantly with increasing concentrations of Bacillomycin D.Study of the mechanism showed that Bacillomycin D induced cell death by changing cell membrane permeability,promoting the release of cellular contents.In this study,transcriptomic analysis showed Bacillomycin D significantly inhibited the photosynthesis and metabolism of S.costatum.These findings investigated the inhibitory effect of Bacillomycin D on the growth of S.costatum and provided a theoretical foundation for the development of new environmentally friendly biological algicide.