Salt Stress Affects the Growth and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by Altering the Antioxidant Machinery and Expression of Hormones and Stress- Specific Genes

Understanding physiological responses in saline agriculture may facilitate wheat breeding programs.Based on a screening test,the Ningmai-14(NM-14)and Yangmai-23(YM-23)wheat cultivars were selected for further experiments to understand the underlying salinity tolerance mechanism.This study investigated the effects of five salinity levels such as Control(CK)=0(without NaCl stress),S1=0.20%,S2=0.25%,S3=0.30%and S4=0.35%of NaCl concentrations of soil on wheat plants.The results showed that increased salinity concentration reduced the growth and yield of wheat cultivars(NM-14 and YM-23).However,YM-23(12.7%)yielded more than NM-14 at maximum salinity stress.The higher salinity(S4)increased the concentration of Na^(+)(4.3 to 5.8-fold)and P contents(2.5 to 2.2-fold),while reducing the average concentrations of K^(+),Cu,and K^(+)/Na^(+)ratio.The higher salinity(S4)reduced the spikelet length by 21.35%(followed by grain spike−1),and the starch content by 18.81%.In the YM-23 cultivar,higher salinity increased superoxide dismutase(SOD),total antioxidant capacity(TAC),and amylase.Compared to NM-14,induced expression of TaYUC2,6,and TaGA13ox,20ox genes were recorded in YM-23.Similarly,in YM-23 the stress-specific genes such as TaHSP70,90 were enhanced whereas,TaSOS1,2 were suppressed.Overall,our study revealed that salt tolerant cultivars modulate hormonal and antioxidant activities,thus maintaining high growth.

Isolation,Identification of Bacillus Thuringiensis/Cereus and Its Enhancement on Protein Wastewater Treatment by Rhodobacter Sphaeroides

In order to enhance the degrading protein capability of purple non-sulfur bacteria(PNSB),an effective strain,L2,was used to co-culture with Rhodobacter sphaeroides ATCC17023.The effects of added strain on protein removal of R.sphaeroides were investigated.Results showed that strain L2,being identified as Bacillus thuringiensis/cereus,had a high potential for producing protease with a production of 295 U/m L.The optimal B.thuringiensis/cereus(40 μL) could significantly increase protein degradation of R.sphaeroides.Protein removal and biomass production were improved by 483% and 67%,respectively.R.sphaeroides/total biomass production was more than 95%.Theoretical analysis revealed that R.sphaeroides syntrophically interacted with B.thuringiensis/cereus.Protein degradation of B.thuringiensis/cereus provided small molecule substrates(VFAs) for R.sphaeroides growth and cells materials synthesis.

Comprehensive Energy-Saving Technology for RTO Flue Gas Waste Heat Utilization

In the automobile painting workshop,the oven will discharge harmful exhaust gas,the exhaust gas can be reused through the TNV system,the natural gas can meet the emission standard to the atmosphere after burning,and the high temperature gas discharged TNV the system can carry considerable heat.Utilization can effectively improve the economic benefits of the factory.At present,the more mature scheme is to heat the high temperature exhaust gas through the heat exchanger,which can reduce the steam consumption of the factory.Based on the analysis of the comprehensive energy saving content of waste heat utilization of RTO flue gas,this paper hopes to provide some reference and reference for readers.

Application of RCO Treatment on Automobile Coating Drying Waste Gas

With the increasingly serious environmental problems,China has adopted more and more strict industrial production emission policies.Haze pollutes the weather and limits the production of polluting enterprises have seriously affected the normal production process of the factory.The pollutants discharged in automobile manufacturing process are increasing,and the environmental pollution caused by automobile coating needs to be solved urgently.Because a large amount of solvent-based paint is used in the production process,the pollution caused by volatile organic compounds is difficult to avoid.RCO is a new technology in the field of automobile coating waste gas treatment.Application of RCO in automobile coating waste gas treatment is studied.

Study on the Application of Drying Furnace Waste Gas Treatment Technology in Painting Workshop

With the continuous development of our country's economy,the demand for automobile is higher and higher after people's living standard is improving day by day.In just 40 years of reform and opening up,China's automobile production and per capita possession have made a qualitative leap and a breakthrough in quantity.Greatly promoted the automobile industry's great development.

Trends in the biological functions and medical applications of extracellular vesicles and analogues

Natural extracellular vesicles(EVs)play important roles in many life processes such as in the intermolecular transfer of substances and genetic information exchanges.Investigating the origins and working mechanisms of natural EVs may provide an understanding of life activities,especially regarding the occurrence and development of diseases.Additionally,due to their vesicular structure,EVs(in small molecules,nucleic acids,proteins,etc.)could act as efficient drug-delivery carriers.Herein,we describe the sources and biological functions of various EVs,summarize the roles of EVs in disease diagnosis and treatment,and review the application of EVs as drug-delivery carriers.We also assess the challenges and perspectives of EVs in biomedical applications.

基于苊烯酰二亚胺小分子/二氧化钛双分子电子传输层的高效钙钛矿太阳能电池（英文）

设计合成高效n型小分子半导体作为钙钛矿太阳能电池的电子传输层对实现低温、可溶液加工的钙钛矿太阳能电池具有重要意义.本文合成了三个低LUMO能级、基于苊烯酰二亚胺的小分子受体材料AI1, AI2, AI3,系统表征了其光物理性质及电化学、热力学性质,研究了其在钙钛矿太阳能电池器件中的应用.当使用TiO_2/AI1作为电子传输层时,钙钛矿太阳能电池的平均光电转换效率为15%,比单独TiO_2电子传输层11.7%的平均光电转换效率有较大提升,表明基于苊烯酰二亚胺的小分子AI1, AI2, AI3是良好的电子传输层材料,可实现低温、可溶液加工的高效钙钛矿太阳能电池.

Enhancement of Rhodobacter sphaeroides growth and carotenoid production through biostimulation

Bacillus thuringiensis/cereus L2 was added as a biostimulant to enhance the biomass accumulation and carotenoid yield of Rhodobacter sphaeroides using wastewater as the culturing medium. Results showed that biostimulation could significantly enhance the R. sphaeroides biomass production and carotenoid yield. The optimal biostimulant proportion was 40 μL（about 6.4 × 10^5CFU）. Through the use of biostimulation, chemical oxygen demand removal, R. sphaeroides biomass production, carotenoid concentration, and carotenoid yield were improved by 178%, 67%, 214%, and 70%, respectively. Theoretical analysis revealed that there were two possible reasons for such increases. One was that biostimulation enhanced the R. sphaeroides wastewater treatment efficiency. The other was that biostimulation significantly decreased the peroxidase activity in R. sphaeroides. The results showed that the highest peroxidase activity dropped by 87% and the induction ratio of the RSP_3419 gene was 3.1 with the addition of biostimulant. The enhanced carotenoid yield in R. sphaeroides could thus be explained by a decrease in peroxidase activity.

Impacts of Fe2+on 5-aminolevulinic acid(ALA)biosynthesis of Rhodobacter sphaeroides in wastewater treatment by regulating nif gene expression

This study aimed to increase bacterial growth and 5-aminolevulinic acid（ALA） biosynthesis of Rhodobacter sphaeroides in wastewater treatment through adding ferrous ion（ Fe2＋ ）. Results demonstrated that Fe2＋ effectively enhanced the biomass production and ALA yield of R. sphaeroides. Moreover, the optimal Fe2＋ dosage was found to be 400 μmol/L, which was associated with the highest biomass of 4015.3 mg/L and maximum ALA yield of 15.9 mg/g-dry cell weight（mg/g-DCW）. Mechanism analysis revealed that Fe2＋ vastly improved Adenosine Triphosphate（ATP） production by up-regulating the nif gene expression, and increasing ATP enhanced the biomass and ALA yield by supplying energy for bacterial growth and ALA biosynthesis, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that the ALA and ATP yields had positive relation with nifA and nifU gene expression. In addition, the nifA and nifU gene expression displayed high consistency of co-transcription at the optimal Fe2＋ dosage.

Identification of antibiotic resistance genes and associated mobile genetic elements in permafrost

Dear Editor,Pathogenic microorganisms carrying antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)pose serious challenge to human health worldwide.The major reservoir of ARGs is believed to be the environment(Cao et al.,2020).Some ARGs can be transmitted from the environment into pathogens via horizontal gene transfer(Forsberg et al.,2012).

Modulation of charge in C_(9)N_(4) monolayer for a highcapacity hydrogen storage as a switchable strategy

Developing advanced hydrogen storage materials with high capacity and efficient reversibility is a crucial aspect for utilizing hydrogen source as a promising alternate to fossil fuels.In this paper,we have systematically investigated the hydrogen storage properties of neutral and negatively charged C_(9)N_(4) monolayer based on density functional theory(DFT).Our foundings indicate that injecting additional electrons into the adsorbent significantly boosts the adsorption capacity of C_(9)N_(4) monolayer to H2 molecules.The gravimetric density of negatively charged C_(9)N_(4) monolayer can reach up to 10.80 wt% when fully covered with hydrogen.Unlike other hydrogen storage methods,the storage and release processes happen automatically upon introducing or removing extra electrons.Moreover,these operations can be easily adjusted through activating or deactivating the charging voltage.As a result,the method is easily reversible and has tunable kinetics without requiring particular activators.Significantly,C_(9)N_(4) is proved to be a suitable candidate for efficient electron injection/release due to its well electrical conductivity.Our work can serve as a valuable guide in the quest for a novel category of materials for hydrogen storage with high capacity.