Research Progress in Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) Germplasm Resources

Spinach is one of the main vegetable species.The study of spinach germplasm resources is beneficial to discovering excellent genes and accelerating the breeding efficiency,thereby further promoting the development of the spinach industry.In this study,the origin,propagation,collection,preservation,genetic diversity and breeding status of spinach were reviewed,and the problems and prospects of spinach germplasm resources were put forward.This paper provides reference for the research and breeding of spinach germplasm resources.

Evaluation of NBI absorption and fast ion stored energy to improve thermal energy confinement time calculation in EAST

The absorption of neutral beam power and the fast ion stored energy in EAST plasmas with neutral beam injection(NBI)is analyzed to improve the calculation of thermal energy confinement time.The neutral beam power absorption and fast ion stored energy are systematically calculated using the TRANSP code,through the investigation of global parameters including plasma current,line averaged density and beam energy.Results have shown that scaling laws for the NBI absorption coefficient and fast ion energy rate are obtained through statistical analysis.A comparison of the confinement improvement factor H98y2 with these new scaling laws against those assuming fixed coefficients is given.

Effects of Cultivation Density,Fertilizer Type and Fertilizer Amount on Yield of Jicaidou No.1

[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the effects of planting density,fertilizer type and fertilizer amount on yield of Jicaidou No.1.[Methods]Three treatments of plant spacing,fertilizer type and fertilizer amount of Jicaidou No.1 were set up respectively to screen out the best combination mode.[Results]The best combination mode was:plant spacing 50 cm,fertilizer amount 1800 kg/hm^(2),and any one of the two fertilizers,as the difference between the two kinds of fertilizers was not significant.[Conclusions]This study provides a scientific basis for the standardized cultivation of kidney beans in Jilin Province.

Research Progress on Genetic Diversity of Snap Bean(Phaseolus vulgaris)Germplasm Resources in China

In this paper,we reviewed the classification,genetic diversity and planting and application of snap bean(Phaseolus vulgaris)germplasm resources in China at the present stage were,analyzed the bottleneck of snap bean research in China,and prospected the development trend of snap bean germplasm research in the future.In the opportunity of the completion of the whole genome sequencing of kidney bean and the construction of high-density genetic map,it is necessary to strengthen the application of ISSR,SNP and other molecular methods and high-throughput proteomics to the study on the specific breeding of snap bean.

Traceless photodegradable polymer cocoons for universal protein delivery and light-controlled gene editing

Polymer conjugation was found highly valuable in clinic to improve the bioavailability of protein therapeutics.However,it is still a tremendous challenge to achieve a complete release of original proteins from the conjugated hybrid under external stimulus to recover active proteins in the targeted tissue.Herein,we report a general light-controlled protein delivery methodology by weaving a photodegradable polymer cocoon around proteins,which could reliably protect them from degradation in the dark while efficiently releasing them under illumination without any residual atoms.The surface charge of the polymer shell is easily tunable to facilitate efficient cell uptake.The versatility of this strategy is demonstrated by the delivery of the Cas9/sg RNA complex that realized light-controlled gene editing both in vitro and in vivo,and such repertoire is of particular value in regard to minimizing the off-target toxicity of CRISPR-Cas9-based gene therapy.

Updates on CRISPR-based gene editing in HIV-1/AIDS therapy

Although tremendous efforts have been made to prevent and treat HIV-1 infection,HIV-1/AIDS remains a major threat to global human health.The combination antiretroviral therapy(cART),although able to suppress HIV-1 replication,cannot eliminate the proviral DNA integrated into the human genome and thus requires lifelong treatment that may lead to various side effects.In recent years,clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat(CRISPR)-associated nuclease 9(Cas9)related gene-editing systems have been developed and designed as effective ways to treat HIV-1 infection.However,new gene-targeting tools derived from or functioning like CRISPR/Cas9,including base editor,prime editing,SHERLOCK,DETECTR,PAC-MAN,ABACAS,pfAGO,have been developed and optimized for pathogens detection and diseases correction.Here,we summarize recent studies on HIV-1/AIDS gene therapy and provide more gene-editing targets based on studies relating to the molecular mechanism of HIV-1 infection.We also identify the strategies and potential applications of these new gene-editing technologies for HIV-1/AIDS treatment in the future.Moreover,we discuss the caveats and problems that should be addressed before the clinical use of these versatile CRISPR-based gene targeting tools.Finally,we offer alternative solutions to improve the practice of gene targeting in HIV-1/AIDS gene therapy.