Research on Regulation Method of Energy Storage System Based on Multi-Stage Robust Optimization

To address the scheduling problem involving energy storage systems and uncertain energy,we propose a method based on multi-stage robust optimization.This approach aims to regulate the energy storage system by using a multi-stage robust optimal control method,which helps overcome the limitations of traditional methods in terms of time scale.The goal is to effectively utilize the energy storage power station system to address issues caused by unpredictable variations in environmental energy and fluctuating load throughout the day.To achieve this,a mathematical model is constructed to represent uncertain energy sources such as photovoltaic and wind power.The generalized Benders Decomposition method is then employed to solve the multi-stage objective optimization problem.By decomposing the problem into a series of sub-objectives,the system scale is effectively reduced,and the algorithm’s convergence ability is improved.Compared with other algorithms,the multi-stage robust optimization model has better economy and convergence ability and can be used to guide the power dispatching of uncertain energy and energy storage systems.

Investigation on the cognitive status and the infiltration path of Traditional Chinese Medicine among residents in Liaoning Province

To understand citizens’awareness,trust and attitude towards Tradition Chinese medicine(TCM),to seek the best penetration path of TCM products and culture,to analyze their influencing factors,and to provide suggestions and countermeasures,a non-probabilistic judgment sampling method was used to conduct a survey among 459 people online with the help of Questionnaire Star and 434 valid questionnaires were collected.The survey shows that residents have a high degree of recognition and identification of Chinese medicine;citizens are rational when choosing TCM products,and the recognition of the emerging TCM culture infiltration path is low.Different social and demographic factors affect citizens’awareness,trust and attitude towards TCM,as well as the choice of infiltration path(P<0.05).

Anaerobic Fungal Diversity in the Rumen of Gayals (Bos frontalis) in Yunnan Province, China

To investigate the anaerobic fungal diversity in the rumen of gayals(Bos frontalis), Yunnan yellow cattle, yaks, and Tibetan yellow cattle, the ITS region of ruminal anaerobic fungi was sequenced. The anaerobic fungi found in four types of cattle could be divided into 16 groups(Neocallimastix, Anaeromyces, Orpinomyces, Caecomyces, Cyllamyces and unknown groups 1-11). There were 10 anaerobic fungal groups in the rumen of gayals, with three belonging to known genera(Orpinomyces, Neocallimastix, and Caecomyces), which accounted for 2.8% of sequences of gayals. There were fewer known anaerobic fungi in gayals than in Yunnan yellow cattle(Orpinomyces), yaks(Anaeromyces, Orpinomyces, and Cyllamyces) and Tibetan yellow cattle(Anaeromyces, Orpinomyces, Caecomyces, and Cyllamyces), accounting for 30.7%, 93.9%, and 35% of each of the relevant cattle species. The other seven unknown groups(NG1, NG4, NG6, NG7, NG9, NG10, and NG11) accounted for 91.6% of sequences from gayals, which was higher than Yunnan yellow cattle [69.3%(NG2, NG8 and NG9)], Tibetan yellow cattle [35%(NG4, NG5 and NG9)], and yaks [6.1%(NG3)]. Furthermore, NG1, NG6, NG7, NG10, and NG11 were only found in gayals,whereas NG3 and NG5 were found only in Tibetan yellow cattle and yak, respectively. Piromyces was not found in any of the four types of cattle. The anaerobic fungi abundance in the rumen of gayals was significantly higher than that of the other three types of cattle. The ruminal anaerobic fungi of gayals might have an important role in cellulose degradation, resulting in the ability of this species to successfully graze coarser fodder.

Some Results on (1,2<i>n</i>– 1)-Odd Factors

Let G be a graph. If there exists a spanning subgraph F such that dF(x) ∈ {1,3,…2n – 1}, then is called to be (1,2n – 1)-odd factor of G. Some sufficient and necessary conditions are given for G – U to have (1,2n – 1)-odd factor where U is any subset of V(G) such that |U| = k.

A Simulation Model for Arrangements of Ophthalmic Beds

A simulation algorithm concerning problem B of 09 CUMCM is given. By introducing the concept of bed vector, clinic matrix, arrangement matrix and priority vector, the information about clinic, bed and arrangement will be stored and analyzed via MATLAB. By the algorithm the continuously updating of data has been simulated successfully.

Local Influence Analysis of Varying-Coefficient Model with Random Right Censorship

For this model, this paper studies the method and application of the diagnostic mostly. Firstly, the primary model is transformed to varying-coefficient model by using a general transformation method. Secondly, a simple estimation form of the coefficient functions is obtained by employing the B spline. Then, local influence is discussed and concise influence matrix is obtained. At last, an example is given to illustrate our results.

Local Influence Analysis of Generalized Linear Model

Nearly thirty years, the diagnosis and influence analysis of linear regression model has been fully developed. So far the local influence analysis of the generalized linear model has not yet seen in the literature. In this paper, local influence is discussed. Then, concise influence matrix is obtained. At last, an example is given to illustrate our results.

Statistical Diagnosis for Random Right Censored Data Based on Kaplan-Meier Product Limit Estimate

In this work, we consider statistical diagnostic for random right censored data based on K-M product limit estimator. Under the definition of K-M product limit estimator, we obtain that the relation formula between estimators. Similar to complete data, we define likelihood displacement and likelihood ratio statistic. Through a real data application, we show that our proposed procedure is validity.

Empirical Likelihood Diagnosis of Modal Linear Regression Models

In this paper, we investigate the empirical likelihood diagnosis of modal linear regression models. The empirical likelihood ratio function based on modal regression estimation method for the regression coefficient is introduced. First, the estimation equation based on empirical likelihood method is established. Then, some diagnostic statistics are proposed. At last, we also examine the performance of proposed method for finite sample sizes through simulation study.

On Diagnostics in Stochastic Restricted Linear Regression Models

The aim of this paper is to propose some diagnostic methods in stochastic restricted linear regression models. A review of stochastic restricted linear regression models is given. For the model, this paper studies the method and application of the diagnostic mostly. Firstly, review the estimators of this model. Secondly, show that the case deletion model is equivalent to the mean shift outlier model for diagnostic purpose. Then, some diagnostic statistics are given. At last, example is given to illustrate our results.

Local Empirical Likelihood Diagnosis of Varying Coefficient Density-Ratio Models Based on Case-Control Data

In this paper, a varying-coefficient density-ratio model for case-control studies is developed. We investigate the local empirical likelihood diagnosis of varying coefficient density-ratio model for case-control data. The local empirical log-likelihood ratios for the nonparametric coefficient functions are introduced. First, the estimation equations based on empirical likelihood method are established. Then, a few of diagnostic statistics are proposed. At last, we also examine the performance of proposed method for finite sample sizes through simulation studies.

Statistical Diagnosis for General Transformation Model with Right Censored Data Based on Empirical Likelihood

In this work, we consider statistical diagnostic for general transformation models with right censored data based on empirical likelihood. The models are a class of flexible semiparametric survival models and include many popular survival models as their special cases. Based on empirical likelihood methodologe, we define some diagnostic statistics. Through some simulation studies, we show that out proposed procedure can work fairly well.

<i>α</i>-Times Integrated C Semigroups and Strong Solution of Abstract Cauchy Problem

The infinite generator of α-times Integrated C semigroups and the properties of resolvent are given. At the same time, we discuss the relationship between the existence of strong solution of a class of nonhomogeneous abstract Cauchy problem and α-times integrated C semigroups, and a sufficient and necessary condition is obtained.

Nitrogen doping induced by intrinsic defects of recycled polyethylene terephthalate-derived carbon nanotubes

The indiscriminate utilization of nondegradable polyethylene terephthalate(PET)-based products has triggered serious environmental pollution that has to be resolved vigorously.A simple synthesis of N-doped carbon nanotubes from recycled PET(NCNTs_(r-PET))was developed by a nitric acid-assisted hydrothermal method.Experimental results and theoretical calculations show that the intrinsic defects in CNTs_(r-PET)would induce N-doping by NH_(3)generated from nitric acid during the hydrothermal process,thus producing the NCNTs_(r-PET).The life cycle assessment proves that the developed method for N-doped CNTs using r-PET as the carbon source is more environmentally friendly than the conventional chemical vapor deposition using acetylene as the carbon source.As a typical application,the NCNTs_(r-PET)delivered an impressive sodium storage capacity with an ultralong lifespan.This work not only provides a new route to upcycling waste plastics into valuable carbonaceous materials in an ecofriendly manner,but also reveals a basic understanding of the N-doping mechanism in carbonaceous materials.

Oxygen availability,rather than ammonia,plays an important role in niche differentiation between comammox Nitrospira and canonical ammonia oxidizers in a neutral purple paddy soil

Dear Editor,Nitrification,the only process linking the oxidation and reduction of N in natural ecosystems,plays a vital role in maintaining global N equilibrium.Ammonia oxidation is the first and rate-limiting step of aerobic nitrification and is performed by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB).

重庆紫色水稻土中“全程”和“半程”氨氧化微生物的垂直分异

【目的】系统评估全程氨氧化细菌(complete ammonia oxidizing bacteria, Comammox bacteria)、半程氨氧化细菌(AOB)和古菌(AOA)在典型水稻土剖面的垂直分异规律。2015年发现的"全程"氨氧化细菌(Comammox Nitrospira)可将氨分子一步氧化为硝酸盐,实现硝化作用。而经典的"半程"氨氧化细菌(AOB)或古菌(AOA)将氨分子氧化为亚硝酸盐后,再由系统发育完全不同的硝化细菌将其氧化为硝酸盐。全程氨氧化细菌实现了一步硝化全过程,根本改变了学术界对2类微生物分步硝化的经典认知,但相关研究仍处于初步阶段。【方法】选择重庆北碚地区2017年典型水稻土并采集5、10、20和40 cm不同深度土壤(剖面采样点的上下误差不超过1cm),提取水稻土总DNA后,利用标靶功能基因amoA,通过实时荧光定量PCR技术分析全程氨氧化细菌(Comammox)、半程氨氧化细菌(AOB)和古菌(AOA)在水稻土不同深度的数量变异规律。【结果】半程氨氧化细菌AOB和古菌AOA均随土壤深度增加呈显著下降趋势。然而,全程氨氧化细菌的两大类微生物则表现出相反的规律,Comammox Clade A的丰度随着土壤剖面的加深而显著增加(P<0.05),但Clade B并未有类似规律。Clade A在水稻土不同层次的土层中均比Clade B高出1个数量级,在5 cm和40 cm处的最低和最高值分别为3.42×10~7、8.46×10~7 copies/g。AOA与AOB的丰度大致相当,5cm剖面处数量最高分别为1.23×10~7、1.83×10~5copies/g,但其平均丰度远低于全程氨氧化细菌,Comammox与AOA、AOB amoA功能基因拷贝数之比为10–2000。【结论】全程氨氧化细菌(Comammox bacteria)广泛分布于水稻土不同土层中,且数量远高于"半程"氨氧化细菌和古菌,意味着Comammox可能在水稻土硝化作用中起重要作用。

Simplification of Shapley value for cooperative games via minimum carrier

Shapley value is one of the most fundamental concepts in cooperative games.This paper investigates the calculation of the Shapley value for cooperative games and establishes a new formula via carrier.Firstly,a necessary and sufficient condition is presented for the verification of carrier,based on which an algorithm is worked out to find the unique minimum carrier.Secondly,by virtue of the properties of minimum carrier,it is proved that the profit allocated to dummy players(players which do not belong to the minimum carrier)is zero,and the profit allocated to players in minimum carrier is only determined by the minimum carrier.Then,a new formula of the Shapley value is presented,which greatly reduces the computational complexity of the original formula,and shows that the Shapley value only depends on the minimum carrier.Finally,based on the semi-tensor product(STP)of matrices,the obtained new formula is converted into an equivalent algebraic form,which makes the new formula convenient for calculation via MATLAB.

A graph-based generic type system for object-oriented programs

We present a graph-based model of a generic type system for an OO language. The type system supports the features of recursive types, generics and interfaces, which are commonly found in modern OO languages such as Java. In the classical graph theory, we define type graphs, instantia- tion graphs and conjunction graphs that naturally iIlustrate the relations among types, generics and interfaces within complex OO programs. The model employs a combination of nominal and anonymous nodes to represent respectively types that are identified by names and structures, and de- fines graph-based relations and operations on types including equivalence, subtyping, conjunction and instantiation. Algo- rithms based on the graph structures are designed for the im- plementation of the type system. We believe that this type system is important for the development of a graph-based logical foundation of a formal method for verification of and reasoning about OO programs.

Confinement framework for encapsulating objects

Confinement is used to prohibit safety-critical ob- jects from unintended access. Approaches for specifying and verifying confinement have been proposed in the last twenty years but their application has been help back. We develop a novel framework for specifying and verifying object confine- ment in object-oriented （00） programs. Instead of expressing the confinement requirements within a class for possible fu- ture usage, as with ownership types, we specify confinement requirements of the class in its usage class which actually in- tends to confine the parts, i.e., internal representations. Syn- tactically, an optional conf clause is introduced in class dec- larations for annotating the confined attribute-paths. A ＂same type and confinement＂ notation is introduced for expressing type and confinement dependence among variables, param- eters, and return values of methods, Based on the extension to a Java-like language and existing techniques of alias anal- ysis, we define a sound type-system for checking the well- confinedness of 00 programs with respect to the confinement specifications.

Redox-driven shifts in soil microbial community structure in the drawdown zone after construction of the Three Gorges Dam

Soil redox is a critical environmental factor shaping the microbial community structure and ultimately alters the nutrient cycling.However,the response of soil microbial community structure to prolonged or repeated redox fluctuations is not yet clear.To study the dynamic effects of prolonged redox disturbances to the soil microbial community structure,soil samples experiencing 8,5 and 0 alternating oxic-anoxic cycles within approximately 6 months each year were collected and the microbial community structure were evaluated using phospholipid fatty acid analysis(PLFA)profiles.Prolonged redox disturbances had significant effects on soil physiochemical properties and soil microbial community structure.The relative abundance of straight chain saturated PLFAs,cyclopropyl,and terminal-and mid-branched chain saturated PLFAs increased due to prolonged redox disturbances,but there was a consistent decrease in linear monounsaturated PLFAs and polyunsaturated PLFAs in the fluctuating zone.Prolonged redox disturbances had a negative impact on the total PLFA content(a proxy for biomass).Both the fluctuating zone(8-cycle and 5-cycle plots)and the never flooded zone(0-cycle plots)were dominated by Gram-positive bacteria and a low content of fungi,actinomycetes and protozoa.The fungi and protozoa abundance decreased significantly with an increase in the occurrence of alternating flooding-dry events,suggesting that the prolonged redox disturbance leads to high stress on the fungi and protozoa populations.Moreover,total organic matter(TOC)and C:N ratio,environmental factors that can be influenced by recurring redox fluctuations,also influenced the microbial community structure.