A novel triple responsive smart fluid for tight oil fracturing-oil expulsion integration

The traditional multi-process to enhance tight oil recovery based on fracturing and huff-n-puff has obvious deficiencies,such as low recovery efficiency,rapid production decline,high cost,and complexity,etc.Therefore,a new technology,the so-called fracturing-oil expulsion integration,which does not need flowback after fracturing while making full use of the fracturing energy and gel breaking fluids,are needed to enable efficient exploitation of tight oil.A novel triple-responsive smart fluid based on“pseudo-Gemini”zwitterionic viscoelastic surfactant(VES)consisting of N-erucylamidopropyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-2-hydroxy-1-propane-sulfonate(EHSB),N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-1,3-propanediamine(TMEDA)and sodium p-toluenesulfonate(NaPts),is developed.Then,the rheology of smart fluid is systematically studied at varying conditions(CO_(2),temperature and pressure).Moreover,the mechanism of triple-response is discussed in detail.Finally,a series of fracturing and spontaneous imbibition performances are systematically investigated.The smart fluid shows excellent CO_(2)-,thermal-,and pressure-triple responsive behavior.It can meet the technical requirement of tight oil fracturing construction at 140°C in the presence of 3.5 MPa CO_(2).The gel breaking fluid shows excellent spontaneous imbibition oil expulsion(∼40%),salt resistance(1.2×104 mg/L Na+),temperature resistance(140°C)and aging stability(30 days).

Spatial Expression of Assembly Geometric Errors for Multi-axis Machine Tool Based on Kinematic Jacobian-Torsor Model

Assembly geometric error as a part of the machine tool system errors has a significant influence on the machining accuracy of the multi-axis machine tool.And it cannot be eliminated due to the error propagation of components in the assembly process,which is generally non-uniformly distributed in the whole working space.A comprehensive expression model for assembly geometric error is greatly helpful for machining quality control of machine tools to meet the demand for machining accuracy in practice.However,the expression ranges based on the standard quasistatic expression model for assembly geometric errors are far less than those needed in the whole working space of the multi-axis machine tool.To address this issue,a modeling methodology based on the Jacobian-Torsor model is proposed to describe the spatially distributed geometric errors.Firstly,an improved kinematic Jacobian-Torsor model is developed to describe the relative movements such as translation and rotation motion between assembly bodies,respectively.Furthermore,based on the proposed kinematic Jacobian-Torsor model,a spatial expression of geometric errors for the multi-axis machine tool is given.And simulation and experimental verification are taken with the investigation of the spatial distribution of geometric errors on five four-axis machine tools.The results validate the effectiveness of the proposed kinematic Jacobian-Torsor model in dealing with the spatial expression of assembly geometric errors.

Risk Factors for Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes among Zhuang Ethnic Pregnant Women:A Cohort Study in Guangxi,China

Risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes among Zhuang ethnic pregnant women are unclear.This study analyzed the incidence and risk factors related to preterm birth(PB),low birth weight(LBW)and macrosomia in Zhuang population.We conducted a prospective cohort study of 9965 Zhuang pregnancy women in Guangxi,China.Information on mothers and newborns was obtained by using questionnaires and referring to medical records.Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between related factors and adverse pregnancy outcomes.Our results showed that the incidence of PB,LBW and macrosomia in Zhuang people was 5.55%,5.64%and 2.19%,respectively.Maternal age≥36 years(OR=2.22,95%CI:1.51-3.27)was related to a higher incidence of PB.Those with pre-pregnancy body mass index(BMI)<18.5 kg/㎡(OR-1.91,95%CI:1.45--2.51),and had a female fetus(OR=1.74,95%CI:1.36-2.23)were more likely to have LBW infants.Maternal age between 31 and 35 years(OR=1.76,95%CI:1.03-2.99)and pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity(OR=1.79,95% CI:1.15-2.80)were associated with a higher risk of macrosomia.The protective factors of macrosomia were maternal pre-pregnancy BMI<18.5 kg/㎡(OR=0.30,95% CI:0.15-0.60)and female fetus(OR=0.41,95% CI:0.28-0.59).Our study provided a reference for maternal and childcare administration among Zhuang population.

Integrative analysis of platelet-related genes for the prognosis of esophageal cancer

BACKGROUND Every year,esophageal cancer is responsible for 509000 deaths and around 572000 new cases worldwide.Although esophageal cancer treatment options have advanced,patients still have a dismal 5-year survival rate.AIM To investigate the relationship between genes associated to platelets and the prognosis of esophageal cancer.METHODS We searched differentially expressed genes for changes between 151 tumor tissues and 653 normal,healthy tissues using the“limma”package.To develop a prediction model of platelet-related genes,a univariate Cox regression analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression analysis were carried out.Based on a median risk score,patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk categories.A nomogram was created to predict the 1-,2-,and 3-year overall survival(OS)of esophageal cancer patients using four platelet-related gene signatures,TNM stages,and pathological type.Additionally,the concordance index,receiver operating characteristic curve,and calibration curve were used to validate the nomogram.RESULTS The prognosis of esophageal cancer was associated to APOOL,EP300,PLA2G6,and VAMP7 according to univariate Cox regression analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis.Patients with esophageal cancer at high risk had substantially shorter OS than those with cancer at low risk,according to a Kaplan-Meier analysis(P<0.05).TNM stage(hazard ratio:2.187,95%confidence interval:1.242-3.852,P=0.007)in both univariate and multivariate Cox regression and risk score were independently correlated with OS(hazard ratio:2.451,95%confidence interval:1.599-3.756,P<0.001).CONCLUSION A survival risk score model and independent prognostic variables for esophageal cancer have been developed using APOOL,EP300,PLA2G6,and VAMP7.OS for esophageal cancer might be predicted using the nomogram based on TNM stage,pathological type,and risk score.The nomogram demonstrated strong predictive ability,as shown by the concordance index,receiver operating characteristic curve,and calibration curve.

Development and validation of an epithelial–mesenchymal transition-related gene signature for predicting prognosis

BACKGROUND Currently,there are many therapeutic methods for lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD),but the 5-year survival rate is still only 15%at later stages.Epithelial–mesenchymal transition(EMT)has been shown to be closely associated with local dissemination and subsequent metastasis of solid tumors.However,the role of EMT in the occurrence and development of LUAD remains unclear.AIM To further elucidate the value of EMT-related genes in LUAD prognosis.METHODS Univariate,least absolute shrinkage and selection operator,and multivariate Cox regression analyses were applied to establish and validate a new EMT-related gene signature for predicting LUAD prognosis.The risk model was evaluated by Kaplan–Meier survival analysis,principal component analysis,and functional enrichment analysis and was used for nomogram construction.The potential structures of drugs to which LUAD is sensitive were discussed with respect to EMT-related genes in this model.RESULTS Thirty-three differentially expressed genes related to EMT were found to be highly associated with overall survival(OS)by using univariate Cox regression analysis(log2FC≥1,false discovery rate<0.001).A prognostic signature of 7EMT-associated genes was developed to divide patients into two risk groups by high or low risk scores.Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that the OS of patients in the high-risk group was significantly poorer than that of patients in the low-risk group(P<0.05).Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the risk score was an independent risk factor for OS(HR>1,P<0.05).The results of receiver operator characteristic curve analysis suggested that the 7-gene signature had a perfect ability to predict prognosis(all area under the curves>0.5).CONCLUSION The EMT-associated gene signature classifier could be used as a feasible indicator for predicting OS.

阿尔山地区兴安落叶松林土壤微生物群落结构

土壤微生物在森林生态系统能量流动和物质循环过程中发挥着不可替代的作用。兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii)是我国大兴安岭地区的优势树种,而阿尔山地区是其在我国分布的最南端,受气候变暖影响较为显著,因此探索兴安落叶松林下土壤微生物群落结构对了解和维护我国东北地区森林生态系统的稳定有重要意义。在本研究中,我们从阿尔山白狼镇、天池镇采集兴安落叶松林下土样,通过高通量测序技术,依据97%相似性原则,将细菌序列划分为5,163个可操作分类单位(operational taxonomic units,OTUs),真菌序列划分为2,439个OTUs,其中门水平优势细菌为放线菌门、变形菌门、疣微菌门、绿弯菌门和酸杆菌门,优势真菌为担子菌门和子囊菌门;属水平上,优势细菌为Candidatus_Udaeobacter,优势真菌属为丝盖伞属(Inocybe)、蜡壳耳属(Sebacina)、Piloderma和棉革菌属(Tomentella)。天池镇的细菌多样性显著高于白狼镇,而真菌多样性在两地间无显著差异。土壤pH和阳离子交换量是驱动土壤细菌多样性的主要因子,而土壤全氮和有机碳是驱动真菌多样性的主要因子。土壤全氮、有机碳、速效磷和阳离子交换量是影响土壤细菌群落组成的重要理化因子,而土壤理化性质对真菌群落组成的影响不显著。绿弯菌门的相对多度与pH显著正相关;担子菌门与土壤全氮和有机碳显著负相关,而子囊菌门与土壤全氮、有机碳和阳离子交换量显著正相关。

Single-base resolution mapping of 2′-O-methylation sites by an exoribonuclease-enriched chemical method

2′-O-methylation(Nm)is one of the most abundant RNA epigenetic modifications and plays a vital role in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression.Current Nm mapping approaches are normally limited to highly abundant RNAs and have significant technical hurdles in m RNAs or relatively rare non-coding RNAs(nc RNAs).Here,we developed a new method for enriching Nm sites by using RNA exoribonuclease and periodate oxidation reactivity to eliminate 2′-hydroxylated(2′-OH)nucleosides,coupled with sequencing(Nm-REP-seq).We revealed several novel classes of Nm-containing nc RNAs as well as m RNAs in humans,mice,and drosophila.We found that some novel Nm sites are present at fixed positions in different t RNAs and are potential substrates of fibrillarin(FBL)methyltransferase mediated by sno RNAs.Importantly,we discovered,for the first time,that Nm located at the 3′-end of various types of nc RNAs and fragments derived from them.Our approach precisely redefines the genome-wide distribution of Nm and provides new technologies for functional studies of Nm-mediated gene regulation.

Construction of hybrid constructed wetlands for phosphorus chemical industry tailwater treatment in the middle Yangtze river basin:Responses of plant growth and root-associated microbial communities

Constructed wetlands are commonly utilized to treat industrial wastewater due to their effectiveness,affordability,and environmental benefits.Many phosphorus chemical enterprises in the middle Yangtze River basin are facing high pollution load challenges and efforts are needed to improve removal efficiency of pollutants.This work was the first to use constructed wetlands for phosphorus chemical industry tailwater(PCITW)treatment.The new hybrid constructed wetlands(CWs)proposed were the aeration horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland(AHSCW)and the integrated vertical flow constructed wetland(IVCW),which were constructed on a pilot scale.Here,the effectiveness of pollutant removal along hybrid CWs,wetland plant growth,and rootassociated microbial community responses to the PCITW were investigated.The results showed that there was spatial variation in removal of carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus in the hybrid CWs,and that the AHSCW and the IVCW played synergistic roles in the removal of pollutants.Compared with influent,the toxic effect of effluent to embryos of a rare minnow(Gobiocypris rarus)was alleviated.Exposure to the effluent resulted in no malformation or death for embryos.Plants and microorganisms in the wetland system of the phosphate chemical tailwater were then compared with the control system of municipal tailwater.Plants in the former system had lower root density,and higher average root diameter,root shoot ratio,specific root length,and specific surface area.Plant roots also had decreased NH_(4)^(+)uptake ability but increased Ca^(2+)uptake to adapt to the high load and complex pollution stress.Unlike the control system,stochastic mechanisms had a more important role than deterministic processes in shaping the microbial community assembly associated with the PCITW.Meanwhile,analysis of microbial network-level topological characteristics demonstrated substantial reduction in network interactions complexity and microbiome stability in the treatment system.Findings from this study suggest wetlands will be helpful for efficient purification of phosphorus chemical industry wastewater in the Yangtze River basin.

Systematic classification and phylogenetic relationships of the brown‑rot fungi within the Polyporales

The brown-rot fungi play an important role in forest ecosystems;they can degrade celluloses and hemicelluloses of wood and maintain nutrient cycling.Some of the brown-rot fungi also have important economic value as medicinal or edible mushrooms.Recent studies showed that the ability to produce brown rot has evolved independently at least five times.Nevertheless,the Polyporales contains the vast majority of the species of the brown-rot fungi.In this study,the classification system of the brown-rot fungi within the Polyporales is revised.Furthermore,the phylogenetic relationships of brown-rot fungi within the Polyporales are analysed based on DNA sequences of multiple loci including the internal transcribed spacer(ITS)regions,the large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene(nLSU),the small subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene(nSSU),the small subunit mitochondrial rRNA gene sequences(mtSSU),the translation elongation factor 1-αgene(TEF1),the RNA polymerase II largest subunit(RPB1)and the second subunit of RNA polymerase II(RPB2).The study showed that the brownrot fungi within the Polyporales formed fourteen lineages,which are assigned at family level,including four new families:Auriporiaceae,Piptoporellaceae,Postiaceae,Taiwanofungaceae,and ten existing families:Adustoporiaceae,Dacryobolaceae,Fibroporiaceae,Fomitopsidaceae,Laetiporaceae,Laricifomitaceae,Phaeolaceae,Pycnoporellaceae,Sarcoporiaceae,and Sparassidaceae.Meanwhile,eleven new genera,viz.,Austroporia,Aurantipostia,Austropostia,Daedalella,Nothofagiporus,Pseudoantrodia,Pseudofomitopsis,Rhodoantrodia,Tenuipostia,Wolfiporiella and Wolfiporiopsis are proposed;eighteen new species,viz.,Amyloporia nivea,Antrodia subheteromorpha,Aurantipostia macrospora,Austropostia hirsuta,A.plumbea,A.subpunctata,Cystidiopostia subhibernica,Daedalella micropora,Fuscopostia subfragilis,Lentoporia subcarbonica,Melanoporia tropica,Neolentiporus tropicus,Phaeolus fragilis,Postia crassicontexta,Pseudoantrodia monomitica,Pseudofomitopsis microcarpa,Resinoporia luteola and Rhodonia subrancida are described;and twelve new combinations,viz.,Austroporia stratosa,Austropostia brunnea,A.pelliculosa,A.punctata,Nothofagiporus venatus,Rhodoantrodia tropica,R.yunnanensis,Tenuipostia dissecta,Wolfiporiella cartilaginea,W.curvispora,W.dilatohypha and Wolfiporiopsis castanopsidis,are proposed.Illustrated descriptions of the new species are provided.Notes on the genera of brown-rot fungi within the Polyporales are provided.

Fungal diversity notes 1277-1386:taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa

This is the twelfth contribution to the Fungal Diversity Notes series on fungal taxonomy,based on materials collected from many countries which were examined and described using the methods of morphology,anatomy,and strain culture,combined with DNA sequence analyses.110 taxa are described and illustrated,including five new genera,92 new species,eight new combinations and other taxonomic contributions(one new sequenced species,one new host and three new records)which are accommodated in 40 families and 1 incertae sedis in Dothideomycetes.The new genera are Amyloceraceomyces,Catenuliconidia,Hansenopezia,Ionopezia and Magnopulchromyces.The new species are Amyloceraceomyces angustisporus,Amylocorticium ellipsosporum,Arthrinium sorghi,Catenuliconidia uniseptata,Clavulina sphaeropedunculata,Colletotrichum parthenocissicola,Coniothyrium triseptatum,Cortinarius indorusseus,C.paurigarhwalensis,C.sinensis,C.subsanguineus,C.xiaojinensis,Diaporthe pimpinel-lae,Dictyosporella guizhouensis,Diplodia torilicola,Fuscoporia marquesiana,F.semiarida,Hansenopezia decora,Helicoarcta-tus thailandicus,Hirsutella hongheensis,Humidicutis brunneovinacea,Lentaria gossypina,L.variabilis,Lycoperdon lahorense,L.pseudocurtisii,Magnopulchromyces scorpiophorus,Moelleriella gracilispora,Neodevriesia manglicola,Neodidymelliopsis salvia,N.urticae,Neoroussoella magnoliae,Neottiella gigaspora,Ophiosphaerella chiangraiensis,Phaeotremella yunnanensis,Podosphaera yulii,Rigidoporus juniperinus,Rhodofomitopsis pseudofeei,Russula benghalensis,Scleroramularia vermispora,Scytinopogon minisporus,Sporormurispora paulsenii,Thaxteriellopsis obliqus,Tomentella asiae-orientalis,T.atrobadia,T.atrocastanea,T.aureomarginata,T.brevis,T.brunneoflava,T.brunneogrisea,T.capitatocystidiata,T.changbaiensis,T.citri-nocystidiata,T.coffeae,T.conclusa,T.cystidiata,T.dimidiata,T.duplexa,T.efibulata,T.efibulis,T.farinosa,T.flavidobadia,T.fuscocrustosa,T.fuscofarinosa,T.fuscogranulosa,T.fuscopelliculosa,T.globospora,T.gloeocystidiata,T.griseocastanea,T.griseofusca,T.griseomarginata,T.inconspicua,T.incrustata,T.interrupta,T.liaoningensis,T.longiaculeifera,T.longiechinuli,T.megaspora,T.olivacea,T.olivaceobrunnea,T.pallidobrunnea,T.pallidomarginata,T.parvispora,T.pertenuis,T.qingyuanensis,T.segregata,T.separata,T.stipitata,T.storea,Trichoderma ceratophylletum,Tyromyces minutulus,Umbelopsis heterosporus and Xylolentia reniformis.The new combinations are Antrodiella descendena,Chloridium macrocladum,Hansenopezia retrocurvata,Rhodofomitopsis monomitica,Rh.oleracea,Fuscoporia licnoides,F.scruposa and Ionopezia gerardii.A new sequenced species(Graphis supracola),one new host(Aplosporella prunicola)and three new geographical records(Golovinomyces monardae,Paradictyoarthrinium diffractum and Prosthemium betulinum),are reported.

Vernier effect of fiber interferometer based on cascaded PANDA polarization maintaining fiber

This Letter shows the Vernier effect based on two segments of PANDA polarization maintaining fiber(PMF),whose lengths are 28 and 23 cm, respectively. The two PMFs are spliced together, and the angle between the fast axes is set to 45°. This cascaded PMF is inserted in a Sagnac loop to form an interferometer that can generate the Vernier effect. The spectrum consists of finesse fringe and envelope and realizes simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature. The envelope can provide strain and temperature sensitivities of 58.0 pm/με and -1.05 nm/℃. The finesse fringe provides sensitivities of 5.9 pm/με and -1.36 nm/℃.

Fungal diversity notes 1512–1610: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungal taxa

This article is the 14th in the Fungal Diversity Notes series,wherein we report 98 taxa distributed in two phyla,seven classes,26 orders and 50 families which are described and illustrated.Taxa in this study were collected from Australia,Brazil,Burkina Faso,Chile,China,Cyprus,Egypt,France,French Guiana,India,Indonesia,Italy,Laos,Mexico,Russia,Sri Lanka,Thailand,and Vietnam.There are 59 new taxa,39 new hosts and new geographical distributions with one new combination.The 59 new species comprise Angustimassarina kunmingense,Asterina lopi,Asterina brigadeirensis,Bartalinia bidenticola,Bartalinia caryotae,Buellia pruinocalcarea,Coltricia insularis,Colletotrichum fexuosum,Colletotrichum thasutense,Coniochaeta caraganae,Coniothyrium yuccicola,Dematipyriforma aquatic,Dematipyriforma globispora,Dematipyriforma nilotica,Distoseptispora bambusicola,Fulvifomes jawadhuvensis,Fulvifomes malaiyanurensis,Fulvifomes thiruvannamalaiensis,Fusarium purpurea,Gerronema atrovirens,Gerronema favum,Gerronema keralense,Gerronema kuruvense,Grammothele taiwanensis,Hongkongmyces changchunensis,Hypoxylon inaequale,Kirschsteiniothelia acutisporum,Kirschsteiniothelia crustaceum,Kirschsteiniothelia extensum,Kirschsteiniothelia septemseptatum,Kirschsteiniothelia spatiosum,Lecanora immersocalcarea,Lepiota subthailandica,Lindgomyces guizhouensis,Marthe asmius pallidoaurantiacus,Marasmius tangerinus,Neovaginatispora mangiferae,Pararamichloridium aquisubtropicum,Pestalotiopsis piraubensis,Phacidium chinaum,Phaeoisaria goiasensis,Phaeoseptum thailandicum,Pleurothecium aquisubtropicum,Pseudocercospora vernoniae,Pyrenophora verruculosa,Rhachomyces cruralis,Rhachomyces hyperommae,Rhachomyces magrinii,Rhachomyces platyprosophi,Rhizomarasmius cunninghamietorum,Skeletocutis cangshanensis,Skeletocutis subchrysella,Sporisorium anadelphiae-leptocomae,Tetraploa dashaoensis,Tomentella exiguelata,Tomentella fuscoaraneosa,Tricholomopsis lechatii,Vaginatispora favispora and Wetmoreana blastidiocalcarea.The new combination is Torula sundara.The 39 new records on hosts and geographical distribution comprise Apiospora guiyangensis,Aplosporella artocarpi,Ascochyta medicaginicola,Astrocystis bambusicola,Athelia rolfsii,Bambusicola bambusae,Bipolaris luttrellii,Botryosphaeria dothidea,Chlorophyllum squamulosum,Colletotrichum aeschynomenes,Colletotrichum pandanicola,Coprinopsis cinerea,Corylicola italica,Curvularia alcornii,Curvularia senegalensis,Diaporthe foeniculina,Diaporthe longicolla,Diaporthe phaseolorum,Diatrypella quercina,Fusarium brachygibbosum,Helicoma aquaticum,Lepiota metulispora,Lepiota pongduadensis,Lepiota subvenenata,Melanconiella meridionalis,Monotosporella erecta,Nodulosphaeria digitalis,Palmiascoma gregariascomum,Periconia byssoides,Periconia cortaderiae,Pleopunctum ellipsoideum,Psilocybe keralensis,Scedosporium apiospermum,Scedosporium dehoogii,Scedosporium marina,Spegazzinia deightonii,Torula fci,Wiesneriomyces laurinus and Xylaria venosula.All these taxa are supported by morphological and multigene phylogenetic analyses.This article allows the researchers to publish fungal collections which areimportant for future studies.An updated,accurate and timely report of fungus-host and fungus-geography is important.We also provide an updated list of fungal taxa published in the previous fungal diversity notes.In this list,erroneous taxa and synonyms are marked and corrected accordingly.