Landscape of urine biomarkers for bladder cancer:molecular function,cell-of-origin,and bibliometric trend

Background:The effective management of bladder cancer(BCa)depends on the early diagnosis and surveillance.Previous studies have explored numerous urinary molecules as potential biomarkers of BCa.However,the molecular functions and cell-of-origin profiles of these biomarkers are yet to be elucidated.In this study,we aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the landscape of urinary biomarker genes for BCa.Methods:We conducted an exhaustive literature search in PubMed,through which 555 biomarker genes were identified.We then analyzed the BCa single-cell atlas to infer the cellular origin of these BCa urine biomarker genes and performed functional enrichment analysis to gain insights into the functional molecular implications of these biomarkers.Results:These genes are involved in tumor proliferation,angiogenesis,cellmigration,and cell death and are predominantly expressed in epithelial and stromal cells.Interestingly,our analysis ofmultiomics tumor data revealed a discordance between tissue and urine in terms of differential methylation and RNA expression,suggesting that biomarker discovery for liquid biopsies should ideally begin with the analysis of bodily fluids rather than relying interest and that test strategies incorporating multiple molecular markers represent an ongoing trend.Conclusions:Collectively,our study has built a landscape of BCa urine biomarker genes,uncovered molecular insights into these biomarkers,and revealed the bibliometric trends in this field,which will contribute to the discovery of novel biomarkers in the future.

Error Probability Analysis for Ultra-Massive MIMO System and Near-Optimal Signal Detection

In this paper,average bit error probability(ABEP)bound of optimal maximum likelihood(ML)detector is first derived for ultra massive(UM)multiple-input-multiple-output(MIMO)system with generalized amplitude phase modulation(APM),which is confirmed by simulation results.Furthermore,a minimum residual criterion(MRC)based lowcomplexity near-optimal ML detector is proposed for UM-MIMO system.Specifically,we first obtain an initial estimated signal by a conventional detector,i.e.,matched filter(MF),or minimum mean square error(MMSE)and so on.Furthermore,MRC based error correction mechanism(ECM)is proposed to correct the erroneous symbol encountered in the initial result.Simulation results are shown that the performance of the proposed MRC-ECM based detector is capable of approaching theoretical ABEP of ML,despite only imposing a slightly higher complexity than that of the initial detector.

Analysis of characteristic features in ultrasound diagnosis of fetal limb body wall complex during 11-13+6 weeks

BACKGROUND Limb body wall complex(LBWC)is a fatal malformation characterized by major defects in the fetal abdominal or thoracic wall,visceral herniation,significant scoliosis or spina bifida,limb deformities,craniofacial deformities,and umbilical cord abnormalities(short or absent umbilical cord).Early diagnosis of this condition is of great clinical significance for clinical intervention and pregnancy decision-making.With the rapid development of fetal ultrasound medicine,early pregnancy(11-13+6 wk)standardized prenatal ultrasound examinations have been widely promoted and applied.AIM To explore the value of prenatal ultrasound in the diagnosis of fetal LBWC syndrome during early pregnancy.METHODS The ultrasonographic data and follow-up results of 18 cases of fetal LBWC diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound during early pregnancy(11-13+6 wk)were retrospectively analyzed,and their ultrasonographic characteristics were analyzed.RESULTS Among the 18 fetuses with limb wall abnormalities,there were spinal dysplasia(18/18,100%),varying degrees of thoracoschisis and gastroschisis(18/18,100%),limb dysplasia in 6 cases(6/18,33%),craniocerebral malformations in 4 cases(4/18,22%),thickening of the transparent layer of the neck in 5 cases(5/18,28%),and umbilical cord abnormalities in 18 cases(18/18,100%),single umbilical artery in 5 cases.CONCLUSION Prenatal ultrasound in early pregnancy can detect LBWC as early as possible,and correct prenatal evaluation provides important guidance value for pregnancy decision-making and early intervention.

Research on Optimization of Dual-Resource Batch Scheduling in Flexible Job Shop

With the rapid development of intelligent manufacturing and the changes in market demand,the current manufacturing industry presents the characteristics of multi-varieties,small batches,customization,and a short production cycle,with the whole production process having certain flexibility.In this paper,a mathematical model is established with the minimum production cycle as the optimization objective for the dual-resource batch scheduling of the flexible job shop,and an improved nested optimization algorithm is designed to solve the problem.The outer layer batch optimization problem is solved by the improved simulated annealing algorithm.The inner double resource scheduling problem is solved by the improved adaptive genetic algorithm,the double coding scheme,and the decoding scheme of Automated Guided Vehicle(AGV)scheduling based on the scheduling rules.The time consumption of collision-free paths is solved with the path planning algorithm which uses the Dijkstra algorithm based on a time window.Finally,the effectiveness of the algorithm is verified by actual cases,and the influence of AGV with different configurations on workshop production efficiency is analyzed.

Performance Analysis for Orthogonal Time Frequency Space Modulation Systems with Generalized Waveform

Orthogonal time-frequency space(OTFS),which exhibits beneficial advantages in high-mobility scenarios,has been considered as a promising technology in future wireless communication systems.In this paper,a universal model for OTFS systems with generalized waveform has been developed.Furthermore,the average bit error probability(ABEP)upper bounds of the optimal maximum likelihood(ML)detector are first derived for OTFS systems with generalized waveforms.Specifically,for OTFS systems with the ideal waveform,we elicit the ABEP bound by recombining the transmitted signal and the received signal.For OTFS systems with practical waveforms,a universal ABEP upper bound expression is derived using moment-generating function(MGF),which is further extended to MIMO-OTFS systems.Numerical results validate that our theoretical ABEP upper bounds are concur with the simulation performance achieved by ML detectors.

Protocol for the development of clinical guidelines for the management of chronic primary pain

Introduction Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage.In 2018,the World Health Organization(WHO)revised the International Classification of Diseases,11th Revision(ICD-11)to include chronic pain as an independent disease for the first time(MG30.0).1 At the same time,the ICD-11 also developed new classifications for chronic pain,including chronic primary pain(CPP),chronic cancer-related pain,chronic post-surgical or post-traumatic pain,chronic secondary musculoskeletal pain,chronic secondary visceral pain.

Non-coding RNAs in acute ischemic stroke:from brain to periphery

Acute ischemic stroke is a clinical emergency and a condition with high morbidity,mortality,and disability.Accurate predictive,diagnostic,and prognostic biomarkers and effective therapeutic targets for acute ischemic stroke remain undetermined.With innovations in high-throughput gene sequencing analysis,many aberrantly expressed non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)in the brain and peripheral blood after acute ischemic stroke have been found in clinical samples and experimental models.Differentially expressed ncRNAs in the post-stroke brain were demonstrated to play vital roles in pathological processes,leading to neuroprotection or deterioration,thus ncRNAs can serve as therapeutic targets in acute ischemic stroke.Moreover,distinctly expressed ncRNAs in the peripheral blood can be used as biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke prediction,diagnosis,and prognosis.In particular,ncRNAs in peripheral immune cells were recently shown to be involved in the peripheral and brain immune response after acute ischemic stroke.In this review,we consolidate the latest progress of research into the roles of ncRNAs(microRNAs,long ncRNAs,and circular RNAs)in the pathological processes of acute ischemic stroke–induced brain damage,as well as the potential of these ncRNAs to act as biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke prediction,diagnosis,and prognosis.Findings from this review will provide novel ideas for the clinical application of ncRNAs in acute ischemic stroke.

Development and formation of wing cuticle based on transcriptomic analysis in Locusta migratoria during metamorphosis

Wings are an important flight organ of insects.Wing development is a complex process controlled by a series of genes.The flightless wing pad transforms into a mature wing with the function of migratory flight during the nymphto-adult metamorphosis.However,the mechanism of wing morphogenesis in locusts is still unclear.This study analyzed the microstructures of the locust wing pads at pre-eclosion and the wings after eclosion and performed the comparative transcriptome analysis.RNA-seq identified 25,334 unigenesand 3,430 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)(1,907 up-regulated and 1,523 down-regulated).The DEGs mainly included cuticle development(LmACPs),chitin metabolism(Lm Idgf4),lipid metabolism-related genes,cell adhesion(Integrin),zinc finger transcription factors(LmSalm,LmZF593 andLmZF521),and others.Functional analysis based on RNA interference and hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining showed that the three genes encoded zinc finger transcription factors are essential for forming wing cuticle and maintaining morphology in Locusta migratoria.Finally,the study found that the LmSalm regulates the expression of LmACPs in the wing pads at pre-eclosion,and LmZF593 and LmZF521 regulate the expression of LmIntegrin/LmIdgf4/LmHMT420 in the wings after eclosion.This study revealed that the molecular regulatory axis controls wing morphology in nymphal and adult stages of locusts,offering a theoretical basis for the study of wing development mechanisms in hemimetabolous insects.

Low-energy spin dynamics in a Kitaev material Na_(3)Ni_(2)BiO_(6) investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance

We perform ^(23)Na nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) and magnetization measurements on an S=1,quasi-2D honeycomb lattice antiferromagnet Na_(3)Ni_(2)BiO_(6).A large positive Curie-Weiss constant of 22.9 K is observed.The NMR spectra at low fields are consistent with a zigzag magnetic order,indicating a large easy-axis anisotropy.With the field applied along the c*axis,the NMR spectra confirm the existence of a 1/3-magnetization plateau phase between 5.1 T and 7.1 T.The transition from the zigzag order to the 1/3-magnetization plateau phase is also found to be a first-order type.A monotonic decrease of the spin gap is revealed in the 1/3-magnetization plateau phase,which reaches zero at a quantum critical field H_(C)≈8.35 T before entering the fully polarized phase.These data suggest the existence of exchange frustration in the system along with strong ferromagnetic interactions,hosting the possibility for Kitaev physics.Besides,well below the ordered phase,the 1/T_(1) at high fields shows either a level off or an enhancement upon cooling below 3 K,which suggests the existence of low-energy fluctuations.

Micro RNA-1290 promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation and metastasis

AIM:To investigate the biological role of mi R-1290 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) progression and invasion and the underlying mechanism.METHODS:Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(q RT-PCR) was performed to evaluate mi R-1290 expression in ESCC tissue samples.The roles of mi R-1290 in cell proliferation,migration and invasion were identified using mi R-1290 mimic-transfected cells.In addition,the regulatory effect of mi R-1290 on suppressor of cancer cell invasion(SCAI) was evaluated using q RT-PCR,Western blot analysis and a dual luciferase reporter assay.RESULTS:mi R-1290 was significantly upregulated in ESCC tissue samples compared with normal adjacent tissues(9.213 ± 1.150 vs 1.000 ± 0.0),(P < 0.01).Upregulation of mi R-1290 was associated with tumor differentiation(P = 0.021),N classification(P = 0.006) and tumor-node-metastasis stage(P = 0.021) in ESCC patients.Moreover,ectopic mi R-1290 expression potently promoted ESCC cell growth(P < 0.01),migration(P < 0.01) and invasion(P < 0.01) in vitro.mi R-1290 overexpression in ESCC cell lines decreased SCAI expression at the translational level and reduced SCAI-driven luciferase-reporter activity(P < 0.01).CONCLUSION:Our findings suggested that mi R-1290 may play an oncogenic role in cellular processes of ESCC.

APPLICATION OF WHOLE BODY DIFFUSION WEIGHTED MR IMAGING FOR DIAGNOSIS AND STAGING OF MALIGNANT LYMPHOMA

Objective To evaluate the clinical impact of whole body diffusion weighted imaging （WB-DWI） on diagnosis and staging of malignant lymphoma. Methods Thirty-one patients with suspected lymphadenopathy were enrolled. WB-DWI was performed by using short TI inversion recovery echo-planar imaging sequence with free breathing and built-in body coil. Axial T2- weighted imaging images of the same location were used as reference. The results of WB-DWI were compared with pathological results and other imaging modalities. The mean apparent diffusion coefficient （ADC） values of different kinds of lymph nodes were compared. Results WB-DWI was positive in all 18 cases with lymphoma, 5 cases with metastatic lymph nodes and 4 of 8 eases with benign lymphadenopathy. The mean ADC value of lymphomatous, metastatic and benign lymph nodes was （0.87 ± 0.17） × 10^3, （0.98± 0.09） × 10^3 and （1.20 ± 0.10） × 10^3 mm^2/s. There was significant difference in ADC value between benign lymph nodes and other two groups （P 〈 0.01）. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of WB-DWI in diagnosis of lymphoma were 100% （18/18）, 30.8% （4/13） and 71.0% （22/31）. When an ADC value of 1.08 × 10^-3 mm^2/s was used as the threshold value for differentiating malignant from benign lymph nodes, the best results were obtained with sensitivity of 87.8% and specificity of 91.3%. Sixteen of eighteen cases （88.9%） of lymphoma were accurately staged in accordance with clinical staging. Conclusions WB-DWI is a sensitive, but less specific technique for diagnosis of lymphoma. It is difficult to differentiate lymphnmatous from metastatic lymph nodes using WB-DWI. However, it is a valuable imaging modality for staging of patients with malignant lymphoma.

CLINICAL APPLICATION OF BODY DIFFUSION WEIGHTED MR IMAGING IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND PREOPERATIVE N STAGING OF CERVICAL CANCER

Objective To evaluate the clinical impact of body diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) on the diagnosis and preoperative N staging of cervical cancer. Methods Twenty-four patients (mean age 37.9 years old) with proved cervical cancer by cervical biopsy and 24 female patients with other suspected pelvic abnormalities received preoperative body DWI scan. Results of body DWI were compared with pathological findings. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of normal cervix and different pathological types of cervical cancer were compared. ADC value of normal or inflammatory lymph nodes was also compared with that of metastatic ones. Student's t test was used for statistical analysis. Results There were 5 adenocarcinomas and 19 epitheliomas showed with biopsy results, and DWI showed 21 cervical lesions out of them (87.5%). ADC values of the normal cervix (n = 24), epithelioma (n = 19), and adenocar- cinoma (n = 5) were (1.73 ± 0.31) ×10-3, (0.88 ± 0.22) ×10-3, and (1.08 ± 0.12) ×10-3 mm2/s, respectively. Statistical analysis showed significant difference in ADC value between normal cervical tissue and either tumor tissues (both P < 0.01). In patients had lymphadenectomy (n = 24), totally 67 lymph nodes including 16 metastatic lymph nodes were pathologically analyzed, and DWI showed 66 (98.5%) out of them. ADC values of normal/inflammatory and metastatic lymph nodes were (1.07 ± 0.16) ×10-3 and (0.77 ± 0.13) ×10-3 mm2/s (P < 0.01). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of ADC value of metastatic lymph node showed that area under curve was 0.961. Conclusions ADC value in cervical carcinoma is lower than that in normal cervix, and ADC may have predictive value in subtype discrimination. ADC value may improve the preoperative characterization of lymph node metastasis. And at least abdominal and pelvic DWI scan is suggested for N staging evaluation in such patients.

A New Acylated Flavonoid from Anaphalis aureo-punctata

A new acylated flavonoid glycoside, 3-O-kaempferol-3-O-acetyl-6-O-(p-coumaroyl)-- D-glucopyranoside 1 was isolated from the whole plant of Anaphalis aureo-punctata. The structure was established by spectral methods.

Preparation and application of carbon nanotubes flexible sensors

Based on the good extensibility and conductivity,the flexible sensors(FSs)have a wide range of applications in the field of the electrochemical energy storage and variable stress sensors,which causes that the preparation of FSs also become a hot spot of research.Among the materials for preparing the FSs,the flexible carbon matrix composites(FCMCs)have become the widely used material since the good performance in the properties of electrochemistry and mechanics,which could be divided into three types:the carbon nanofibers(CNFs),the carbon nanospheres(CNSs)and the carbon nanotubes(CNTs).Compared with CNFs and CNSs,the CNTs wrapped by the polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)have the advantages of the excellent extensibility and electrochemical stability.Therefore,the CNTs flexible sensor(CFS)could be well used in the field of the FSs.The purpose of this review is summarizing the preparation methods and application fields of CFS and proposing the research direction of CFS in the future.In this paper,two methods for fabricating the CFS have been designed by consulting the methods mentioned in the literature in recent years,and the advantages and disadvantages between the two methods have been explained.The application fields of CFS in recent years are enumerated,and the conclusion that the application fields of CFS are very wide is drawn.At the end of this paper,the review concludes with an overview of key remaining challenges in the application fields of the CFS.

Insights into the confinement effect on isobutane alkylation with C_(4) olefin catalyzed by zeolite catalyst:A combined theoretical and experimental study

Elucidating the confinement effect harbours tremendous significance for isobutane alkylation with C_(4) olefin.Herein,the confinement effect over zeolite catalysts was elucidated by combining DFT calculations,experiments(using the novel Beta zeolite exposing only external surfaces(Beta-E)and conventional Beta-I zeolite with both external and internal surfaces)and multi-techniques(e.g.,TGA-DTG,HRTEM,SEM and XRD).It is found that the main active sites for C_(4) alkylation reaction are located on internal surface rather than external surface.On the external surface,the hydride transfer reaction does not occur because the H-shared intermediate cannot be formed without the confinement effect.Moreover,the external surface has stronger selectivity for C_(4) olefin adsorption than isobutane,leading to enhanced oligomerization reactions.Therefore,the suitable micropore with confinement effect is essential for zeolite-catalyzed C_(4) alkylation.The atomic-scale insights of this work are of great referential importance to the design of highly effective zeolite catalyst.

Link between miR-19b and the mTOR signaling pathway in cancer prognosis

Objective Previous studies have reported differing conclusions regarding the prognostic value of miR-19b in cancers.Moreover,miR-19b may affect tumor growth by different pathways,mainly targeting PTENPI3K-AKT,which activates the downstream mTOR pathway.Therefore,we performed data mining to explore the possible correlation between miR-19b and mTOR in cancer prognosis.Methods We conducted online search and collected a total of 943 articles.According to different authors cross check and our study including/excluding criteria we at end retained 21 articles with 25 studies in this meta-analysis.Then TCGA data containing miR-19b level with cancer progression were obtained using OncomiR.Furthermore,Trial Sequential Analysis(TSA)was performed to determine whether the results of our meta-analysis could be used in clinical applications.After that,articles regarding the mechanism of miR-19b in various cancers were analyzed and KEGG pathway database was used to find the main regulatory function of miR-19b in human cancers.Results Overall hazard ratio(HR)results showed that higher levels of miR-19b expression were correlated with shorter overall survival time[HR=1.54,95%confidence interval(CI)=1.20-1.98]by promoting distant metastasis,but had no correlation with disease-free survival(DFS)/progression-free survival(PFS;HR=0.61,95%CI=0.31–1.19).Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas also revealed the role of miR-19b in tumorigenesis.According to trial sequential analysis results,more evidence is required to confirm that miR-19b is not correlated with DFS/PFS.Exploration of the mechanism revealed a possible link between miR-19b and the mTOR pathway.Conclusion miR-19b may have a pro-carcinogenic role through the mTOR pathway and thus,it is likely to be a therapeutic target for cancers.

CLEC:Combination Locality Based Erasure Code for Permissioned Blockchain Storage

Building a new decentralized domain name system based on blockchain technology is helping to solve problems,such as load imbalance and over-dependence on the trust of the central node.However,in the existing blockchain storage system,the storage overhead is very high due to its fullreplication data storage mechanism.The total storage consumption for each block is up to O(n)with n nodes.Erasure code applied to blockchains can significantly reduce the storage overhead,but also greatly lower the read performance.In this study,we propose a novel coding scheme for blockchain storage,Combination Locality based Erasure Code for Permissioned blockchain storage(CLEC).CLEC uses erasure code,parity locality,and topology locality in blockchain storage,greatly reducing reading latency and repair time.In CLEC,the storage consumption per block can be reduced to O(1),and the repair penalty can also be lowered to O(1).Experiments in an open-source permissioned blockchain Tendermint show that CLEC has a maximum repair speed of 6 times and a read speed of nearly 1.7 times with storage overhead of only 1.17 times compared to the current work,a great improvement in reading performance and repair performance with slightly increased storage overhead via implementation.

Inhibition Mechanism of Hydroxyproline-like Small Inhibitors to Disorder HIF-VHL Interaction by Molecular Dynamic Simulations and Binding Free Energy Calculations

Protein-protein interactions are vital for a wide range of biological processes.The interactions between the hypoxia-inducible factor and von Hippel Lindau(VHL)are attractive drug targets for ischemic heart disease.In order to disrupt this interaction,the strategy to target VHL binding site using a hydroxyproline-like(pro-like)small molecule has been reported.In this study,we focused on the inhibition mechanism between the pro-like inhibitors and the VHL protein,which were investigated via molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy calculations.It was found that pro-like inhibitors showed a strong binding affinity toward VHL.Binding free energy calculations and free energy decompositions suggested that the modification of various regions of pro-like inhibitors may provide useful information for future drug design.

Nonlinear profile order for three-dimensional hybrid radial acquisition applied to self-gated free-breathing cardiac cine MRI

This paper presents a nonlinear profile order scheme for three-dimensional（3D） hybrid radial acquisition applied to self-gated, free-breathing cardiac cine magnetic resonance imaging（MRI）. In self-gated, free-breathing cardiac cine MRI,respiratory and cardiac motions are unpredictable during acquisition, especially for retrospective reconstruction. Therefore,the non-uniformity of the k-space distribution is an issue of great concern during retrospective self-gated reconstruction. A nonlinear profile order with varying azimuthal increments was provided and compared with the existing golden ratio-based profile order. Optimal parameter values for the nonlinear formula were chosen based on simulations. The two profile orders were compared in terms of the k-space distribution and phantom and human image results. An approximately uniform distribution was obtained based on the nonlinear profile order for persons with various heart rates and breathing patterns.The nonlinear profile order provides more stable profile distributions and fewer streaking artifacts in phantom images. In a comparison of human cardiac cine images, the nonlinear profile order provided results comparable to those provided by the golden ratio-based profile order, and the images were suitable for diagnosis. In conclusion, the nonlinear profile order scheme was demonstrated to be insensitive to various motion patterns and more useful for retrospective reconstruction.

FeF_(x) and Fe_(2)ZrO_(5) Co-modified hematite for highly efficient solar water splitting

Hematite is an excellent catalyst for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting but its performance has been highly limited by poor conductivity and high charge recombination.Here by a Zr-based treatment to create bulk Fe_(2)ZrO_(5) in hematite and a F-based treatment to form an ultrathin surface FeF_(x) layer,the charge transfer can be highly improved and the charge recombination can be significantly suppressed.As a result,the FeF_(x) /Zr-Fe_(2)O_(3) photoanode presents an enhanced PEC performance with a photocurrent density of 2.43 m A/cm^(2)at 1.23 V vs.RHE,which is around 3 times higher than that of the pristine Fe_(2)O_(3) .The FeF_(x) /Zr-Fe_(2)O_(3) photoanode also shows a low onset potential of 0.77 V vs.RHE (100 mV lower than the pristine hematite).The performance is much higher than that of the sample treated by Zr or F alone,suggesting the synergistic effect between bulk Fe_(2)ZrO_(5) and surface FeF_(x) .By coupling with the FeNiOOH co-catalyst,the final photoanode can achieve a high photocurrent density of 2.81 mA/cm^(2) at 1.23 V vs.RHE.The novel design of Zr and F co-modified hematite can be used as a promising way to prepare efficient catalysts for solar water splitting.