“实用仪器分析理论”课程思政建设探索与实践

为了贯彻落实习近平总书记的研究生教育工作会议讲话精神,将“全程育人、全方位育人”作为研究生“实用仪器分析理论”课的建设目标。课程将理论联系实际、培养学生严谨治学态度、树立家国情怀等思政元素深度融合到教学过程中。通过教学过程中实践、反馈、提升的循环探索,将对研究生教育理想信念层面的精神指引融入到“润物细无声”的知识教学中。

“101计划”分析化学核心知识体系建设探索

教育部启动了化学等8个基础学科系列“101计划”以来,湖南大学作为“101计划”分析化学课程的牵头单位,凝聚国内27所获批化学领域“拔尖计划2.0”基地高校,开展课程、教材建设,推动课堂提升计划实施。本文较为详细地介绍了团队面向化学拔尖人才培养系统凝练的分析化学核心课程知识体系,11个模块48个核心知识点的教学内容和目标,课程总体教学目标和建设进展等。

分析化学课程虚拟教研室建设途径探索

提出分析化学课程虚拟教研室建设的总体思路。依托“分析化学课程”虚拟教研室,广泛开展课程思政建设相关教学研究交流活动,建立“线上分析化学课程群”,跨校协作打造国家精品“分析化学”教学资源库,探索突破时空限制、“线上+线下”结合的教师教研模式、丰富教研活动,形成优质教学资源的共建共享,组织开展常态化“分析化学课程”虚拟教研室内教师培训。旨在打造中部、东部、西部、东北地区高校教师分析化学课程共建共享平台,构建“分析化学课程”高校教学学术共同体。

面向拔尖创新人才培养的仪器分析课程建设与改革实践

面向拔尖创新人才培养,针对仪器分析课程中存在的“知识杂、多、散,系统性不强;基本原理和仪器构造抽象复杂;学生解决实际问题能力不强”等教学痛点问题,结合数字资源和学习通等智慧教学工具,开展了“思政引领、资源保障、科教协同、多元融合”的教学改革实践。通过思政元素的无声渗透,科学发展史、经典科学前沿文献和重大科技事件创新过程的重现,虚拟仿真软件对基本原理的展示,以及教学手段的多元融合,全面深化学生对基本概念的理解,分析问题、解决问题能力的提升和科研创新能力的升华,培养其成为德才兼备的拔尖创新人才。

创一流:应用化学专业建设的改革与实践

大连理工大学应用化学专业经历30多年的发展与建设,已经形成了鲜明的专业特色和优势。本文全面介绍了专业在人才培养模式、改革课程教学体系、提升专业教学条件、加强师资队伍建设、完善教育管理机制等方面的举措和实施成效。

生长分化因子15和胃癌抗原724在胃癌患者血清中的变化及临床意义

目的探讨生长分化因子15(GDF15)和胃癌抗原724(CA724)在胃癌患者血清中的变化及临床意义。方法随机从2016年7月-2017年12月来北京京煤集团总医院就诊的胃癌患者、胃良性病变患者以及健康体检者中分别抽取84例作为研究对象,并分为A、B、C组。GDF15水平通过双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验测定,CA724水平通过电化学发光法测定。分析不同组间GDF15和CA724水平的变化以及与临床病理特征的关系。结果 3组血清GDF15和CA724水平,A组最高、B组其次,C组最低,组间差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。A组患者中,淋巴结转移及临床分期越高的患者,GDF15表达越高(P <0.05),淋巴结转移的患者,CA724表达更高(P <0.05)。单独应用GDF15诊断胃癌的曲线下面积(AUC)、敏感性、特异性和临界点分别为0.838(95%CI:0.728,0.940)、0.584、0.836和0.23 ng/ml;单独应用CA724的AUC、敏感性、特异性和临界点分别为0.890(95%CI:0.807,0.970)、0.902、0.658和6.02 u/ml;联合使用GDF15和CA724诊断胃癌的AUC、敏感性和特异性分别为0.923(95%CI:0.845,0.992)、0.925和0.864,与单独应用GDF15或CA724检测胃癌比较,AUC、敏感性和特异性均增加。结论 GDF15和CA724水平对鉴别胃部病变性质具有重要指导意义,GDF15和CA724联合检测有助于提高胃癌的检出率。

The combination of creatine kinase-myocardial band isoenzyme and point-of-care cardiac troponin/contemporary cardiac troponin for the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction

BACKGROUND:The early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction(AMI)remains challenging,especially for institutions without the high-sensitive cardiac troponin(hs-c Tn)assay.Herein,we aim to assess the value of creatine kinase-myocardial band isoenzyme(CK-MB)combined with different cardiac troponin(c Tn)assays in AMI diagnosis.METHODS:This multicenter,observational study included 3,706 patients with acute chest pain from September 1,2015,to September 30,2017.We classified the participants into three groups according to the c Tn assays:the point-of-care c Tn(POC-c Tn)group,the contemporary c Tn(c-c Tn)group,and hs-c Tn group.The diagnostic value was quantified using sensitivity and the area under the curve(AUC).RESULTS:Compared to the single POC-c Tn/c-c Tn assays,combining CK-MB and POC-c Tn/c-c Tn increased the diagnostic sensitivity of AMI(56.1%vs.63.9%,P<0.001;82.7%vs.84.3%,P=0.025).In contrast,combining CK-MB and hs-c Tn did not change the sensitivity compared with hs-c Tn alone(95.0%vs.95.0%,P>0.999).In the subgroup analysis,the sensitivity of combining CKMB and c-c Tn increased with time from symptom onset<6 h compared with c-c Tn alone(72.8%vs.75.0%,P=0.046),while the sensitivity did not increase with time from symptom onset>6 h(97.5%vs.98.3%,P=0.317).The AUC of the combination of CK-MB and POC-c Tn significantly increased compared to the single POC-c Tn assay(0.776 vs.0.750,P=0.002).The AUC of the combined CKMB and c-c Tn/hs-c Tn assays did not significantly decrease compared with that of the single c-c Tn/hs-c Tn assays within 6 h.CONCLUSIONS:The combination of CK-MB and POC-c Tn or c-c Tn may be valuable for the early diagnosis of AMI,especially when hs-c Tn is not available.

Electron push-pull effects induced performance promotion in covalent organic polymer thin films-based memristor for neuromorphic application

Covalent organic polymer(COP)thin film-based memristors have generated intensive research interest,but the studies are still in their infancy.Herein,by controlling the content of hydroxyl groups in the aldehyde monomer,Py-COP thin films with different electronic push-pull effects were fabricated bearing distinct memory performances,where the films were prepared by the solid-liquid interface method on the ITO substrates and further fabricated as memory devices with ITO/Py-COPs/Ag architectures.The Py-COP-1-based memory device only exhibited binary memory behavior with an ON/OFF ratio of 1:10^(1.87).In contrast,the device based on Py-COP-2 demonstrated ternary memory behavior with an ON/OFF ratio of 1:10^(0.6):10^(3.1) and a ternary yield of 55%.The ternary memory mechanism of the ITO/Py-COP-2/Ag memory device is most likely due to the combination of the trapping of charge carriers and conductive filaments.Interestingly,the Py-COPs-based devices can successfully emulate the synaptic potentiation/depression behavior,clarifying the programmability of these devices in neuromorphic systems.These results suggest that the electronic properties of COPs can be precisely tuned at the molecular level,which provides a promising route for designing multi-level memory devices.

Medicinal chemistry strategies in the discovery and optimization of HBV core protein allosteric modulators(2018-2022 update)

Despite the improving coverage of preventative vaccines,hepatitis B remains a severe global public health problem,with more than 250 million patients living with hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection.Current available therapies,including nucleos(t)ide analogs and peginterferon,can control HBV replication but fail to eliminate covalently closed circular DNA(cccDNA)and achieve a cure.The HBV core protein(Cp)is a well-conserved structural protein,self-assembling to form the viral capsid.It involves in or modulates almost every stage of the HBV lifecycle,which makes it an attractive target for the development of new anti-HBV therapies.HBV core protein allosteric modulators(CpAMs)have become a hotspot in recent years.Herein,we provide a concise report focusing on the various medicinal chemistry strategies involved in the latest research(2018-2022)of HBV CpAMs,including high throughput screening(HTS),virtual screening(VS),drug repositioning,natural products,substitution decorating approach,scaffold hopping,molecular hybridization,prodrug strategy and conformational constraint strategy,to provide guidance for further development of new and effective anti-HBV drugs.

Repurposing carrimycin as an antiviral agent against human coronaviruses,including the currently pandemic SARS-CoV-2

COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection severely threatens global health and economic development.No effective antiviral drug is currently available to treat COVID-19 and any other human coronavirus infections.We report herein that a macrolide antibiotic,carrimycin,potently inhibited the cytopathic effects(CPE)and reduced the levels of viral protein and RNA in multiple cell types infected by human coronavirus 229 E,OC43,and SARS-CoV-2.Time-of-addition and pseudotype virus infection studies indicated that carrimycin inhibited one or multiple post-entry replication events of human coronavirus infection.In support of this notion,metabolic labelling studies showed that carrimycin significantly inhibited the synthesis of viral RNA.Our studies thus strongly suggest that carrimycin is an antiviral agent against a broad-spectrum of human coronaviruses and its therapeutic efficacy to COVID-19 is currently under clinical investigation.

Analysis of potential factors contributing to refusal of invasive strategy after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in China

Background:Reduced application of percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)is associated with higher mortality rates after STsegment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI).We aimed to evaluate potential factors contributing to the refusal of PCI in STEMI patients in China.Methods:We studied 957 patients diagnosed with STEMI in the emergency departments(EDs)of six public hospitals in China.The differences in baseline characteristics and 30-day outcome were investigated between patients who refused PCI and those who underwent PCI.Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the potential factors associated with refusing PCI.Results:The potential factors contributing to refusing PCI were older than 65 years(odds ratio[OR]2.66,95%confidence interval[Cl]1.56-4.52,P<0.001),low body mass index(BMI)(OR 0.91,95%Cl 0.84-0.98,P=0.013),not being married(OR 0.29,95%Cl 0.17-0.49,P<0.001),history of myocardial infarction(MI)(OR 2.59,95%Cl 1.33-5.04,P=0.005),higher heart rate(HR)(OR 1.02,95%Cl 1.01-1.03,P=0.002),cardiac shock in the ED(OR 5.03,95%Cl 1.48-17.08,P=0.010),pre-hospital delay(>12 h)(OR 3.31,95%Cl 1.83-6.02,P<0.001)and not being hospitalized in a tertiary hospital(OR 0.45,95%Cl 0.27-0.75,P=0.002).Compared to men,women were older,were less often married,had a lower BMI and were less often hospitalized in tertiary hospitals.Conclusions:Patients who were older,had lower economic or social status,and had poorer health status were more likely to refuse PCI after STEMI.There was a sex difference in the potential predictors of refusing PCI.Targeted efforts should be made to improve the acceptance of PCI among patients with STEMI in China.

Curcumin inhibits the replication of enterovirus 71 in vitro

Human enterovirus 71(EV71)is the main causative pathogen of hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD)in children.The epidemic of HFMD has been a public health problem in Asia-Pacific region for decades,and no vaccine and effective antiviral medicine are available.Curcumin has been used as a traditional medicine for centuries to treat a diversity of disorders including viral infections.In this study,we demonstrated that curcumin showed potent antiviral effect again EV71.In Vero cells infected with EV71,the addition of curcumin significantly suppressed the synthesis of viral RNA,the expression of viral protein,and the overall production of viral progeny.Similar with the previous reports,curcumin reduced the production of ROS induced by viral infection.However,the antioxidant property of curcumin did not contribute to its antiviral activity,since N-acetyl-L-cysteine,the potent antioxidant failed to suppress viral replication.This study also showed that extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)was activated by either viral infection or curcumin treatment,but the activated ERK did not interfere with the antiviral effect of curcumin,indicating ERK is not involved in the antiviral mechanism of curcumin.Unlike the previous reports that curcumin inhibited protein degradation through ubiquitin–proteasome system(UPS),we found that curcumin had no impact on UPS in control cells.However,curcumin did reduce the activity of proteasomes which was increased by viral infection.In addition,the accumulation of the short-lived proteins,p53 and p21,was increased by the treatment of curcumin in EV71-infected cells.We further probed the antiviral mechanism of curcumin by examining the expression of GBF1 and PI4KB,both of which are required for the formation of viral replication complex.We found that curcumin significantly reduced the level of both proteins.Moreover,the decreased expression of either GBF1 or PI4KB by the application of siRNAs was sufficient to suppress viral replication.We also demonstrated that curcumin showed anti-apoptotic activity at the early stage of viral infection.The results of this study provide solid evidence that curcumin has potent anti-EV71 activity.Whether or not the down-regulated GBF1 and PI4KB by curcumin contribute to its antiviral effect needs further studies.

In-situ observation of magnetization reversal process of Sm(Co,Cu,Fe,Zr)_z magnets with different Fe contents

Sm(Co,Cu,Fe,Zr)z magnets have drawn much attention for high-temperature applications due to their high Curie temperature,strong corrosion resistance and thermal stability.The effect of increasing Fe content on the distribution of elements and squareness(Sr)of demagnetization curves were investigated for two kinds of magnets with different nominal compositions of Sm(CobalFe0.15-Cu0.07Zr0.03)7.8 and Sm(CobalFe0.28Cu0.07Zr0.03)6.6 in this work.The magnetic properties of the magnets with higher Fe content fluctuate greatly after different solution treatments,indicating that they are more sensitive to the process temperature.The increase in Fe content can obviously enhance the cellular phase size.Meanwhile,inhomogeneous Cu distribution is observed in the Sm(CobalFe0.28-Cu0.07Zr0.03)6.6 magnet,resulting in the different cellular structures and corresponding magnetic domain patterns in different regions in the inner grains.Furthermore,the lower Cu content regions are responsible for the wider magnetic domain,which have weaker resistance to applied magnetic field.As a result,Sr of demagnetization curve decreases with the increase in Fe content due to the inhomogeneous Cu distribution,which was confirmed by in-situ observation of electron probe micro-analyzer(EPMA)and magneto-optical Kerr optical microscope(MOKE).

Numerical simulation of particle motion at cucumber straw grinding process based on EDEM

Simulation of straw grinding process based on discrete element method(DEM)was proposed.According to the force analysis and kinematics analysis,the differential equation of straw particle motion on hammers was deduced,and the formation mechanism of the material circulation layer was obtained.Geometric model of grinder,particle model and contact model were established by EDEM software.The influence of hammer number,hammer thickness and gap of the hammer-sieve on particle grinding number and power consumption were obtained by single factor simulation test.The grinding process is divided into three stages.The hammer smashing plays a dominant role in 0-0.25 s.While the hammer smashing particle number increases slowly and then decreases to the lowest level in 0.25-0.60 s,the tooth plate smashing particle number increases rapidly and dominates,and then forming a material circulation layer.The hammer and tooth plate smashing particle number is basically stable in 0.60-2.00 s,and the tooth plate smashing occupies the dominant position.With the increase of the number and thickness of hammers,the power consumption of crusher tends to increase,and with the increase of the gap between hammers and sieves,the power consumption of crusher decreases first and then increases.The results can provide guidance for the development of high-efficiency and energy-saving grinding equipment for cucumber straw.

Regioselective introduction of vinyl trifluoromethylthioether to remote unactivated C(sp^3)–H bonds via radical translocation cascade

Described herein is an efficient protocol for the regioselective introduction of a vinyl trifluoromethylthioether to remote unactivated C(sp3)–H bonds.The cascade process involves the vinyl radical-mediated 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer(HAT)and remote vinyl migration.During the transformation,inert C–H and C–C bonds are consecutively cleaved under mild conditions.The reaction features good functional group tolerance,broad substrate scope,and high regio-/stereo-selectivity.

PML Suppresses Influenza Virus Replication by Promoting FBXW7 Expression

Influenza A viruses(IAV)are responsible for seasonal flu epidemics,which can lead to high morbidity and mortality each year.Like other viruses,influenza virus can hijack host cellular machinery for its replication.Host cells have evolved diverse cellular defense to resist the invasion of viruses.As the main components of promyelocytic leukemia protein nuclear bodies(PML-NBs),PML can inhibit the replication of many medically important viruses including IAV.However,the mechanism of PML against IAV is unclear.In the present study,we found PML was induced in response to IAV infection and ectopic expression of PML could inhibit IAV replication,whereas knockdown of endogenous PML expression could enhance IAV replication.Further studies showed that PML increased the expression of FBXW7 by inhibiting its K48-linked ubiquitination and enhanced the interaction between FBXW7 and SHP2,which negatively regulated IAV replication during infection.Moreover,PML stabilized RIG-I to promote the production of typeⅠIFN.Collectively,these data indicated that PML inhibited IAV replication by enhancing FBXW7 expression in the antiviral immunity against influenza virus and extended the mechanism of PML in antiviral immunity.

Stress Granule Formation is One of the Early Antiviral Mechanisms for Host Cells Against Coxsackievirus B Infection

Stress granules(SGs) are intracellular granules formed when cellular translation is blocked and have been reported to be involved in a variety of viral infections. Our previous studies revealed that SGs are involved in the coxsackievirus B(CVB)infection process, but the role of SGs in CVB infection has not been fully explored. In this study, we found that CVB type 3(CVB3) could induce SG formation in the early phase of infection. Results showed that levels of CVB3 RNA and protein were significantly inhibited during the early stage of CVB3 infection by the elevated formation of SGs, while viral RNA and protein synthesis were significantly promoted when SG formation was blocked. Our findings suggest that SG formation is one of the early antiviral mechanisms for host cells against CVB infection.

How Fast Does It Diverge? Discrete Hedging Error with Transaction Costs

In the present paper,we focus on the diverging behavior of discrecte hedging error with transaction costs.We added the hedging cost to the error directly.The main idea is to divide the hedging error into two parts:the pure hedging error and transaction cost of rebalance.The later part will be diverged when hedging number n goes to infinity.Firstly we show an upper bound of diverging part,which is O(√n)of rebalancing number n,then we prove both the upper bound and the lower bound of discrete hedging error with transaction costs are of√n order,finally we give an approximation of hedging error to determine the coefficient in front of√n.The main technique in the proof is Itô’s formula,L’Hopital’s rule and three important lemmas in[Yuri,Kabanov,Mher,Safarian.Markets with Transaction Costs.Springer-Verlag,Berlin,Heidelberg,2009].The numerical result support our theoretical conclusion.