High-accuracy optical time delay measurement in fiber link [Invited]

Optoelectronic components and subsystems such as optically controlled phased array antennas,distributed radar networks,interferometric optical fiber hydrophones,and high-speed optoelectronic chips demand highaccuracy optical time delay measurement with large measurement range and the capability for single-end and wavelength-dependent measurement.In this paper,the recent advances in the optical time delay measurement of a fiber link with high accuracy are reviewed.The general models of the typical time delay measurement technologies are established with the operational principle analyzed.The performance of these techniques is also discussed.

Dexamethasone and compliance affect TTFields efficacy to glioblastoma patients:a systematic review and meta-analysis

TTFields is a novel treating modality of glioblastoma(GBM)which can significantly prolong the overall survival(OS)of newly diagnosed or recurrent glioblastoma.Some researchers have revealed that a variety of factors can affect the efficacy of TTFields.So,we review the available literature about the influencing factors on efficacy of TTFields and then choose two experimentally supported factors:the dose of dexamethasone and compliance of TTFields to perform a meta-analysis.The PubMed,Embase,and the Cochrane Library are searched.Five articles are identified between 2014 and 2017.Three articles are about the compliance of TTFields.Two articles are about the dose of dexamethasone.The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale(NOS)is used as an assessment tool to evaluate the methodological quality of all included trials.The scale’s range varies from 0 to 9 stars.According to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions,articles are graded in six items to evaluate the risk of bias.Two reviewers rate the studies independently and the final decision is reached by consensus.Our data shows that the median OS is conspicuously longer in the TTFields group in which the dose of dexamethasone is≤4.1 mg,WMD=9.23[95%CI 5.69-12.78];P<0.05).And the patients whose compliance of TTFields treatment≥75%(≥18 h per day)have a significant lower overall survival risk than the patients whose compliance of TTFields treatment<75%(HR=0.57[95%CI 0.46-0.70];P<0.00001).TTFields is a safe and efficient novel treatment modality.The dose of dexamethasone≤4.1 mg of TTFields treatment and the compliance of TTFields treatment≥75%,≥18 h per day are beneficial to the prognosis of the glioblastoma patients.