Visfatin and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D_(3) Levels Affect Coronary Collateral Circulation Development in Patients with Chronic Coronary Total Occlusion

Background:Coronary collateral circulation(CCC)plays a vital role in the myocardial blood supply,especially for ischemic myocardium.Evidence suggests that the visfatin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D_(3)[25(OH)D_(3)]levels are related to the degree and incidence of vascular stenosis associated with coronary artery disease;however,few studies have evaluated the effect of visfatin and 25(OH)D_(3) on CCC development in patients with chronic total occlusion(CTO).This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the serum visfatin and 25(OH)D_(3) levels and CCC in patients with CTO.Methods:A total of 189 patients with CTO confirmed by coronary angiography were included.CCC was graded from 0 to 3 according to the Rentrop-Cohen classification.Patients with grade 0 or grade 1 collateral development were in-cluded in the poor CCC group(n=82),whereas patients with grade 2 or grade 3 collateral development were included in the good CCC group(n=107).The serum visfatin and 25(OH)D_(3) levels were measured by ELISA.Results:The visfatin level was significantly higher in the poor CCC group than in the good CCC group,and the 25(OH)D_(3) level was significantly lower in the poor CCC group than in the good CCC group(P=0.000).Correlation analysis showed that the Rentrop grade was negatively correlated with the visfatin level(r=−0.692,P=0.000)but positively correlated with the 25(OH)D_(3) level(r=0.635,P=0.000).Logistic regression analysis showed that the vis-fatin and 25(OH)D_(3) levels were independent risk factors for CCC(odds ratio 1.597,95%confidence interval 1.300-1.961,P=0.000 and odds ratio 0.566,95%confidence interval 0.444-0.722,P=0.000,respectively).The visfatin and 25(OH)D_(3) levels can effectively predict the CCC status.Conclusion:Serum visfatin and 25(OH)D_(3) levels are related to CCC development and are independent predictors of poor CCC.

Regio-and stereo-selective olefinic C–H functionalization of aryl alkenes in ethanol

We report on N,N-bidentate-chelation-assistedα-and β-olefinic C–H alkenylation of aryl alkenes in ethanol to afford aryl dienes/trienes with excellent regio-and stereo-selectivities.The reaction of 2-alkenyl benzylamine and benzoic acid derived substrates proceeded through six-membered exo-cyclo-metallation and seven-membered endo-cyclometallation.The aerobic protocols feature wide functional-ity tolerance,high selectivities and yields,mild conditions and scalable preparation,and the directing group can be easily removed to afford Boc-protected amine by simple reduction.