Cyano and Isocyano-substituted Tetraphenylethylene with AIE Behavior and Mechanoresponsive Behavior

Dual-functional materials with AIE behavior and mechanoresponsive behavior have attracted considerable attention due to their promising applications in mechano-sensors,optical storage,solid-state optoelectric devices and bioimage systems.AIEgens bearing tetraphenylethylene(TPE)core become elementary building blocks in many fluorescent functional materials.In this article,cyanoand isocyano-electronic withdrawing groups are incorporated with TPE skeleton to form tetracyanophenylethylene(TPE-CN)and tetraisocyanophenylethylene(TPE-NC).Their structures are confirmed by NMR,Mass Spectra and single crystal X-ray measurement.These two isomers reflect aggregation-induced emission(AIE)property in solution state and mechanochromic behavior in solid state.Interestingly,their luminescent intensities,quantum yields and fluorescent lifetime in solid state have an obvious increase upon grinding.The theoretical calculation of these two compounds clarify their difference in optical properties.The mechanochromic mechanism is also intensively explained by powder X-ray measurements.

Paternal Zn-deficiency abolishes metabolic effects in offspring induced by diet type

Accumulating evidence implicates that offspring are susceptible to paternal alterations in numerous fetal disorders,such as growth and metabolic defects.However,less study has been conducted to define the relationship between paternal zinc deficiency(ZnD)and energy metabolism of offspring.In the present study,we used a paternal ZnD exposure(Zn at 0.3 mg/g)model to test energy metabolism of male and female offspring with the intervention of diet type(high-fat diet and low-fat diet).Our results demonstrated that paternal ZnD decreased body weight(BW)gain per week(P<0.01)and ME intake per week(P<0.05)at 11 weeks in male offspring with high-fat diet intervention but not in female offspring.Further,anabolism and catabolism of hepatic energy products also exhibited alterations.ZnD attenuated liver glucose but increased lipids content accompanied with elevated adiponectin and reduction in leptin level in serum,which exhibited lipid metabolic disturbance and smaller ratio of liver weight to BW in male but not female offspring.The qRT-PCR and liver energy metabolites analysis revealed that paternal ZnD mainly induced reduction in glucose tolerance and lowered glucose uptaking ability in male offspring and thereby alleviated glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle(TCA)cycle,which displayed a male gender-dependency.Therefore,we propose that paternal ZnD abolishes metabolic effects in male offspring induced by diet type intervention.Our findings reveal a novel link between paternal Zn-D and offspring energy metabolism.