The prelimbic cortex(PL)is actively engaged in pain modulation.The infralimbic cortex(IL)has been reported to regulate the PL.However,how this regulation affects pain remains unclear.In the present study,we recorded t...The prelimbic cortex(PL)is actively engaged in pain modulation.The infralimbic cortex(IL)has been reported to regulate the PL.However,how this regulation affects pain remains unclear.In the present study,we recorded temporary hyper-activity of PL pyramidal neurons responding to nociceptive stimuli,but a temporary hypofunction of the IL by in vivo electrophysiological recording in rats with peripheral inflammation.Manipulation of the PL or IL had opposite effects on thermal hyperalgesia.Furthermore,the functional connectivity and chemogenetic regulation between the subregions indicated an inhibitory influence of the IL on the PL.Activation of the pathway from the IL to the PL alleviated thermal hyperalgesia,whereas its inhibition exacerbated chronic pain.Overall,our results suggest a new mechanism underlying the role of the medial prefrontal cortex in chronic pain:hypo-function of the IL leads to hyperactivity of the PL,which regulates thermal hyperalgesia,and thus contributes to the chronicity of pain.展开更多
Dear Editor,COVID-19 cases showed a significant decrease in the number of peripheral CD4^(+) and CD8^(+)T cells accompanied by overactivation of cells.1 HHV8-derived viral macrophage inflammatory protein vMIP-Ⅱ is th...Dear Editor,COVID-19 cases showed a significant decrease in the number of peripheral CD4^(+) and CD8^(+)T cells accompanied by overactivation of cells.1 HHV8-derived viral macrophage inflammatory protein vMIP-Ⅱ is the only broad-spectrum chemokine receptor inhibitor that binds to three subtribes of chemokine receptors,which can significantly increase the specific cell immune response in infected organisms and have an effect of reducing plasma viral load on the viremia period.24 Here we report the effect of vMIP-Ⅱ in COVID-19.展开更多
Flexible photodetectors(PDs) have huge potential for application in next-generation optoelectronic devices due to their lightweight design, portability, and excellent large area compatibility. The main challenge in th...Flexible photodetectors(PDs) have huge potential for application in next-generation optoelectronic devices due to their lightweight design, portability, and excellent large area compatibility. The main challenge in the construction of flexible PDs is to maintain the optoelectronic performance during repetitive bending, folding and stretching.Herein, flexible PDs based on ZnO nanowires(NWs) and CsPbBr3 nanosheets(NSs) were constructed by an integrated low-dimensional structure strategy. Benefiting from the flexibility of unique sheet and wire structures, the PDs were able to maintain excellent operational stability under various mechanical stresses. For example, the PDs exhibited no obvious changes in optoelectronic performance after bending for 1000 times. Additionally, the PDs exhibited an integrated broadband response ranging from ultraviolet to visible region due to the combination of the intrinsic light absorption capability of ZnO and CsPbBr3. The PDs demonstrated high responsivities of 3.10 and 0.97 A W^-1 and detectivities of 5.57×10^12 and1.71×10^12 Jones under ultraviolet and visible light irradiation,respectively. The proposed construction strategy for highly flexible and performance-integrated PDs shows great potential in future smart, wearable optoelectronic devices.展开更多
Eight square-pyramidal dysprosium complexes of the type[Dy(X)(DBP)_(2){TMG(H)}_(2)]were synthesized,where TMG(H)denotes 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine,X denotes an alkoxide ligand or anionic guanidinate in the apical po...Eight square-pyramidal dysprosium complexes of the type[Dy(X)(DBP)_(2){TMG(H)}_(2)]were synthesized,where TMG(H)denotes 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine,X denotes an alkoxide ligand or anionic guanidinate in the apical position,and DBP denotes 2,6-di-tert-butylphenoxide.These complexes,expressed as 5-Dy-X,are single-molecule magnets(SMMs)with properties dependent on the nature of the apical X ligand.展开更多
Magnetoelectric(ME)multiferroic materials have unique advantages in low-power and high-density information storage,because they can simultaneously display ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism.However,research on how to...Magnetoelectric(ME)multiferroic materials have unique advantages in low-power and high-density information storage,because they can simultaneously display ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism.However,research on how to construct air-stable highperformance ME single-molecule magnets(SMMs)is nonexistent.Herein,by introducing homochirality while reducing molecular symmetry,two doubledecker Dy(III)enantiomers adopting the polar space group P2_(1) and exhibiting excellent thermal stability were obtained.They displayed zero field SMM behavior with an anisotropy barrier(Ueff)of ca.100 cm^(−1).This work establishes a rational chemical design strategy for crystallizing SMMs in polar space groups and elucidates the direction for future research,that is,engineering small-size high-performance SMMs.展开更多
Spontaneous pain occurring without apparent external stimuli,is a significant complaint of individuals with chronic pain whose mechanisms,somewhat surprisingly,remain poorly understood.Over the past decades,neuroimagi...Spontaneous pain occurring without apparent external stimuli,is a significant complaint of individuals with chronic pain whose mechanisms,somewhat surprisingly,remain poorly understood.Over the past decades,neuroimaging studies start to reveal brain activities accompanying spontaneous pain.Meanwhile,a variety of animal models and behavioral tests have been established,including non-reflexive tests and free-choice tests,which have been shown to be effective in assessing spontaneous pain.For the spontaneous pain mechanisms,multiple lines of research mainly focus on three aspects:(1)sensitization of peripheral nociceptor receptors and ion channels,(2)spontaneous neuronal firing and abnormal activity patterns at the dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord level,(3)functional and structural alterations in the brain,particularly the limbic system and the medial pain pathway.Despite accumulating evidence revealing distinct neuronal mechanisms from evoked pain,we are still far from full understanding of spontaneous pain,leaving a big gap between bench and bedside for chronic pain treatment.A better understanding of the neural processes in chronic pain,with specific linkage as to which anatomical structures and molecules related to spontaneous pain perception and comorbidities,will greatly improve our ability to develop novel therapeutics.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Foundation of China(32371049,32271053,31872774,81974166,81821092,82101303,32271053,and 32000749)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(L222016)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M670061)the Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neuroengineering.
文摘The prelimbic cortex(PL)is actively engaged in pain modulation.The infralimbic cortex(IL)has been reported to regulate the PL.However,how this regulation affects pain remains unclear.In the present study,we recorded temporary hyper-activity of PL pyramidal neurons responding to nociceptive stimuli,but a temporary hypofunction of the IL by in vivo electrophysiological recording in rats with peripheral inflammation.Manipulation of the PL or IL had opposite effects on thermal hyperalgesia.Furthermore,the functional connectivity and chemogenetic regulation between the subregions indicated an inhibitory influence of the IL on the PL.Activation of the pathway from the IL to the PL alleviated thermal hyperalgesia,whereas its inhibition exacerbated chronic pain.Overall,our results suggest a new mechanism underlying the role of the medial prefrontal cortex in chronic pain:hypo-function of the IL leads to hyperactivity of the PL,which regulates thermal hyperalgesia,and thus contributes to the chronicity of pain.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC Nos.82073747,82074133)Su Yuan biotechnology co.Ltd.
文摘Dear Editor,COVID-19 cases showed a significant decrease in the number of peripheral CD4^(+) and CD8^(+)T cells accompanied by overactivation of cells.1 HHV8-derived viral macrophage inflammatory protein vMIP-Ⅱ is the only broad-spectrum chemokine receptor inhibitor that binds to three subtribes of chemokine receptors,which can significantly increase the specific cell immune response in infected organisms and have an effect of reducing plasma viral load on the viremia period.24 Here we report the effect of vMIP-Ⅱ in COVID-19.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51672132 and 61604074)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20160827 and BK20180020)+3 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2016M590455)Open foundation of Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies (2016K08)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (30917011202)PAPD of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘Flexible photodetectors(PDs) have huge potential for application in next-generation optoelectronic devices due to their lightweight design, portability, and excellent large area compatibility. The main challenge in the construction of flexible PDs is to maintain the optoelectronic performance during repetitive bending, folding and stretching.Herein, flexible PDs based on ZnO nanowires(NWs) and CsPbBr3 nanosheets(NSs) were constructed by an integrated low-dimensional structure strategy. Benefiting from the flexibility of unique sheet and wire structures, the PDs were able to maintain excellent operational stability under various mechanical stresses. For example, the PDs exhibited no obvious changes in optoelectronic performance after bending for 1000 times. Additionally, the PDs exhibited an integrated broadband response ranging from ultraviolet to visible region due to the combination of the intrinsic light absorption capability of ZnO and CsPbBr3. The PDs demonstrated high responsivities of 3.10 and 0.97 A W^-1 and detectivities of 5.57×10^12 and1.71×10^12 Jones under ultraviolet and visible light irradiation,respectively. The proposed construction strategy for highly flexible and performance-integrated PDs shows great potential in future smart, wearable optoelectronic devices.
基金The authors thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.21525103,21871247,and 21973046)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,CAS(no.ZDBS-LY-SLH023)+2 种基金the ERC(no.CoG 646740)the EPSRC(no.EP/M022064/1)for financial supportJ.T.and R.A.L.gratefully acknowledge support from the Royal Society-Newton Advanced Fellowship(no.NA160075).
文摘Eight square-pyramidal dysprosium complexes of the type[Dy(X)(DBP)_(2){TMG(H)}_(2)]were synthesized,where TMG(H)denotes 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine,X denotes an alkoxide ligand or anionic guanidinate in the apical position,and DBP denotes 2,6-di-tert-butylphenoxide.These complexes,expressed as 5-Dy-X,are single-molecule magnets(SMMs)with properties dependent on the nature of the apical X ligand.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.21871247)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,CAS(no.ZDBSLY-SLH023)+2 种基金the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(no.ZDRW-CN-2021-3-3)the Academy of Finland(grant no.332294)Computational resources were provided by CSC-IT Center for Science in Finland and the Finnish Grid and Cloud Infrastructure(persistent identifier urn:nbn:fi:research-infras-2016072533).
文摘Magnetoelectric(ME)multiferroic materials have unique advantages in low-power and high-density information storage,because they can simultaneously display ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism.However,research on how to construct air-stable highperformance ME single-molecule magnets(SMMs)is nonexistent.Herein,by introducing homochirality while reducing molecular symmetry,two doubledecker Dy(III)enantiomers adopting the polar space group P2_(1) and exhibiting excellent thermal stability were obtained.They displayed zero field SMM behavior with an anisotropy barrier(Ueff)of ca.100 cm^(−1).This work establishes a rational chemical design strategy for crystallizing SMMs in polar space groups and elucidates the direction for future research,that is,engineering small-size high-performance SMMs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872774,82101303,81974166,81821092)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(7202083,5182013)+1 种基金the Interdisciplinary Medicine Seed Fund of Peking University(BMU2018MX011)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M670061)。
文摘Spontaneous pain occurring without apparent external stimuli,is a significant complaint of individuals with chronic pain whose mechanisms,somewhat surprisingly,remain poorly understood.Over the past decades,neuroimaging studies start to reveal brain activities accompanying spontaneous pain.Meanwhile,a variety of animal models and behavioral tests have been established,including non-reflexive tests and free-choice tests,which have been shown to be effective in assessing spontaneous pain.For the spontaneous pain mechanisms,multiple lines of research mainly focus on three aspects:(1)sensitization of peripheral nociceptor receptors and ion channels,(2)spontaneous neuronal firing and abnormal activity patterns at the dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord level,(3)functional and structural alterations in the brain,particularly the limbic system and the medial pain pathway.Despite accumulating evidence revealing distinct neuronal mechanisms from evoked pain,we are still far from full understanding of spontaneous pain,leaving a big gap between bench and bedside for chronic pain treatment.A better understanding of the neural processes in chronic pain,with specific linkage as to which anatomical structures and molecules related to spontaneous pain perception and comorbidities,will greatly improve our ability to develop novel therapeutics.
