Anorectal Pharmacodynamics and In Vitro Drug Release of Clerodendrum bungei Steud.Extract Gel

[Objectives]To determine the optimal preparation technology of Clerodendrum bungei Steud.extract gel by orthogonal test and gel quality test method in General Rule 0114 of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(Volume IV,2020 Edition),and to study its anorectal pharmacodynamics and drug release in vitro.[Methods]Carbomer 940,propylene glycol and absolute ethyl alcohol were selected as the main factors,and the preparation technology of C.bungei Steud.extract gel was optimized by orthogonal test.The mouse model of ulcerative hemorrhoids was established with glacial acetic acid(HAC)and compared with Ma Yinglong musk hemorrhoids ointment.The recovery of trauma was compared between the two groups.At the same time,porcine small intestine was used as semi-permeable membrane to make diffusion cell to simulate anal environment,and the drug release in vitro was studied.[Results]The C.bungei Steud.extract gel was smooth in appearance and good in stability.It could effectively treat anal ulcer in mice and release quickly in vitro.[Conclusions]The formula is reasonable,and the effect of animal experiment is remarkable,which can provide a new treatment plan for ulcerative hemorrhoids.

钛酸钡/硅橡胶与多壁碳纳米管/硅橡胶交替多层复合材料的设计及电机转换性能

分别以钛酸钡(BT)和多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)作为硅橡胶(SR)的填料,采用多次涂覆法,设计并制备了BT/SR和MWCNT/SR交替多层结构的复合介电弹性体B/SR-M/SR,研究了B/SR-M/SR复合材料的电机转换性能及交替多层结构对其性能的影响。结果表明,B/SR-M/SR复合材料的杨氏模量略高于纯SR,且表现出高介电常数、低介电损耗的特点。在1 kHz下,B/SR-M/SR的介电常数最大为5.6,为纯SR(3.2)的1.77倍,而相应的介电损耗为0.003,与纯SR(0.001)接近。MWCNT含量对复合材料的电导特性无显著影响,但会降低其击穿场强。B/SR-M/SR的最大电致应变为7.37%,远高于纯SR(1.43%)。此外,对比填充相同含量填料的三相复合材料,B/SR-M/SR复合材料的电机转换性能更佳。

Influence of the Axial Position of the Guide Vane on the Fluctuations of Pressure in a Nuclear Pump

The influence of the axial mount position of the guide vane on the pressure fluctuation in a nuclear pump(AP1000)is investigated.The characteristics of the three-dimensional flow inside the nuclear pump are analyzed by means of numerical simulation.Results indicate that when the axial relative distance between the guide vane and the pumping chamber is reduced,in conditions of“small flow,”the efficiency of the pump increases,the pressure inside the pumping chamber decreases,while the losses related to the guide vane grow.Under large flow conditions,as the efficiency of the pump decreases,the losses for the guide vane and the pumping chamber increase.The pressure fluctuation in the annular pumping chamber is basically determined by the rotation frequency and the blade passing frequency.The magnitude of these fluctuations is affected by the guide vane axial position.In particular,the smallest possible amplitude is obtained when the outlet central plane of the guide vane coincides with the outlet axis of the pumping chamber.

Polymer “Tape”-Assisted Ball-Milling Method Fabrication Few-Atomic-Layered Bismuth for Improving K^(+)/Na^(+)Storage

Few-layered 2D analogs exhibit new physical/chemical properties,leading to a strong research interest and broad areas of application.Recently,lots of methods(such as ultrasonic and electrochemical methods)have already used to prepared 2D materials.However,these methods suffer from the drawbacks of low yield,high cost,or precarious state,which limit the largescale applications.Inspired by the famous Scotch tape method,we develop a ball-milling with polymer"tape"method,fabricating few-atomic-layered material,showing the high-yield,low-cost,and much stability.As electrode material,ultrathin 2D materials can shorten the ion transfer pathway,contributing to the development of high-power batteries.Meanwhile,fewatomic-layered structure can expose more active sites to increase their capacity,showing special energy storage mechanism.We use the as-prepared few-atomic-layered Bi(FALB)and reduced oxide graphene composites as the anode for potassium/sodium-ion batteries(KIBs/NIBs).The sample achieves a high reversible capacity of 395 m Ah g^(-1)for KIBs,of which FALB contributes 438 m Ah g^(-1)(higher than the theoretical capacity of Bi,386 m Ah g^(-1)),and it carries outstanding cycle and rate performance in KIBs/NIBs.

昭通市农村特岗教师职业发展现状与长效机制研究

自2006年开始实行特岗教师招聘制度以来,作为特岗计划的主体,昭通市的特岗教师担负着提高农村教师师资队伍水平、促进农村义务教育发展的重大使命。以近三年来分配到昭通市昭阳区、鲁甸县、巧家县、镇雄县、彝良县、绥江县、水富市、大关县、盐津各乡镇中小学及村小的特岗教师为调查对象,通过对农村特岗教师职业发展现状的调查研究,客观反映特岗教师职业发展的真实现状,分析存在问题、困难。同时以教师职业发展相关理论为基础,提出促进农村特岗教师职业发展的有效措施。

Specific Data Mining Model of Massive Health Data

The mining of massive medicine data is one of the most widely problem in our world. However, it’s efficiency and accuracy are still not satisfactory. Many traditional mining algorithms which calculate repeatedly to reduce the dependence between data always ignore the correlation between them. To improve the effect of diagnosis, we extract some special features by conducting a preliminary classification and identification. Then, the specific characteristics of various medical data is mined by correlation mining method. The simulation experimental results demonstrate the validity of the improved algorithm.

Identification of lipid droplets in gut bacteria

Dear Editor,The field of gut microbiota is progressing rapidly and thus,appellations like the last human organ,a separate organ,a forgotten organ,and a new organ have been applied to gut microbiota to emphasize its vital functions in our body(Chang and Kao,2019).Gut microbiota has been shown to play a central role in the regulation of human lipid metabolism and be associated with lipid metabolism disorders when aberrant,through composition and microbial metabolites.

Classification of Plant Endogenous States Using Machine Learning-Derived Agricultural Indices

Leaf color patterns vary depending on leaf age,pathogen infection,and environmental and nutritional stresses;thus,they are widely used to diagnose plant health statuses in agricultural fields.The visible-near infrared-shortwave infrared(VIS-NIR-SWIR)sensor measures the leaf color pattern from a wide spectral range with high spectral resolution.However,spectral information has only been employed to understand general plant health statuses(e.g.,vegetation index)or phytopigment contents,rather than pinpointing defects of specific metabolic or signaling pathways in plants.Here,we report feature engineering and machine learning methods that utilize VIS-NIR-SWIR leaf reflectance for robust plant health diagnostics,pinpointing physiological alterations associated with the stress hormone,abscisic acid(ABA).Leaf reflectance spectra of wild-type,ABA2-overexpression,and deficient plants were collected under watered and drought conditions.Drought-and ABA-associated normalized reflectance indices(NRIs)were screened from all possible pairs of wavelength bands.Drought associated NRIs showed only a partial overlap with those related to ABA deficiency,but more NRIs were associated with drought due to additional spectral changes within the NIR wavelength range.Interpretable support vector machine classifiers built with 20 NRIs predicted treatment or genotype groups with an accuracy greater than those with conventional vegetation indices.Major selected NRIs were independent from leaf water content and chlorophyll content,2 well-characterized physiological changes under drought.The screening of NRIs,streamlined with the development of simple classifiers,serves as the most efficient means of detecting reflectance bands that are highly relevant to characteristics of interest.

NbMoTiVSi_(x) refractory high entropy alloys strengthened by forming BCC phase and silicide eutectic structure

In order to improve mechanical properties of refractory high entropy alloys,silicide was introduced and NbMoTiVSi_(x)(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,and 0.4,molar ratio) refractory high entropy alloys are prepared by vacuum arc melting.Phase composition,micro structure evolution and mechanical properties were systematically studied.Results show that the silicide phase is formed in the alloys with addition of silicon,and the volume fraction of silicide increases from 0 to 8.3 % with increasing of silicon.Microstructure observation shows that the morphology of dendrite changes from columnar to near equiaxed,eutectic structure is formed at grain boundaries and composed of secondary BCC phase and silicide phase.The average length of the primary and second dendrites decreases with the increasing of silicon.Whereas,the ratio of eutectic structure increases from 0 to 19.8 % with the increment of silicon.The refinement of microstructure is caused by heterogeneous nucleation from the silicide.Compressive tests show that the yield and ultimate strength of the alloys increases from 1141.5 MPa to 2093.1 MPa and from 1700.1 MPa to 2374.7 MPa with increasing silicon content.The fracture strain decreases from 24.7 %-11.0 %.Fracture mechanism is changed from ductile fracture to ductile and brittle mixed fracture.The improvement of the strength is caused by grain bounda ry strengthening,which includes more boundaries around primary BCC phase and eutectic structure in grain boundary,both of them is resulted from the formation of silicide.

Interactomic study on interaction between lipid droplets and mitochondria

An increasing body of evidence shows that the lipid droplet,a neutral lipid storage organelle,plays a role in lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis through its interaction with mitochondria.However,the cellular functions and molecular mechanisms of the interaction remain ambiguous.Here we present data from transmission electron microscopy,fluorescence imaging,and reconstitution assays,demonstrating that lipid droplets physically contact mitochondria in vivo and in vitro.Using a bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay in Saccharomyces cerevisiae,we generated an interactomic map of protein-protein contacts of lipid droplets with mitochondria and peroxisomes.The lipid droplet proteins Erg6 and Pet10 were found to be involved in 75%of the interactions detected.Interestingly,interactions between 3 pairs of lipid metabolic enzymes were detected.Collectively,these data demonstrate that lipid droplets make physical contacts with mitochondria and peroxisomes,and reveal specific molecular interactions that suggest active participation of lipid droplets in lipid metabolism in yeast.

Lipid droplets and mitochondria are anchored during brown adipocyte differentiation

Dear Editor,Brown adipose tissue(BAT)acts as a site of non-shivering thermogenesis in mammals including adult humans(Ned-ergaard and Cannon,2010).Prolonged cold exposure can induce the acquisition of thermogenic function in white adi­pose tissue(WAT)with the cells that have undergone the"browning"process being referred to as beige cells(Wu et al.,2013).Both mainly use mitochondrial p-oxidation of fatty arid(FA)from lipid drnplotc(I He)in maintaining hnHy temperature.The efficiency of hydrophobic FA transport between two organelles in aqueous cytoplasm has been challenged.Understanding the mechanism underlying the interaction between these two organelles is essential for animal physiology as well as for the development of thera­pies to treat metabolic diseases(Benador et al.,2018).

Micro-and nano-fiber probes for optical sensing,imaging,and stimulation in biomedical applications

The flexibile nature of optical fiber enables it to offer remote-access capabilities,which could be used in many biomedical applications.This review focuses on different micro-and nano-structured fiber probes for applications in biosensing,imaging,and stimulations.The modifications to fiber could extend design freedom from waveguide optimization to functional material integration.Fiber probes with optimized waveguide structures or integrated functional materials could achieve enhanced optical mode interaction with biosamples,and hence obtain ultrasensitive biosensors with a remarkably low limit of detection.Furthermore,bioimaging with a high spatial resolution can be obtained by engineering dispersion and nonlinearity of light propagation in the fiber core or designing a metal-coated tapered fiber tip with a sub-wavelength aperture.Flat metasurfaces can be assembled on a fiber tip to achieve a large depth of focus and remove aberrations.Fiber is also a compact solution to realize the precise delivery of light for in vivo applications,such as deep brain stimulation.The optical beam size,shape,and direction could be steered by the probe parameters.Micro-and nano-technologies integrated with fiber contribute to various approaches to further improve detection limit,sensitivity,optical resolution,imaging depth,and stimulation precision.

Molten salt synthesis of neodynium oxyfluoride in various fluoride media with different fluoride ion activities

Neodymium oxyfluoride has received much attention in the fields of anionic solid electrolytes.luminescent,catalytic and magnetic materials because of its structure combined advantages of rareearth cations with F^(-)and O_(2)^(-)anions.In this work,neodynium oxyfluoride was synthesized by the reaction between neodymium oxide and four fluoride media with different fluoride ion activities.The synthesis processes in molten LiF-CaF_(2)-NdF_(3),LiF-NdF_(3),NaF-CaF_(2)-NdF_(3)and NaF-KF-NdF_(3)are observed in situ by a confocal scanning laser microscope.The expansion of neodymium oxide particle is observed in the LiF-CaF_(2)-NdF_(3),LiF-NdF_(3),and NaF-KF-NdF_(3)melts,and the growth of needle crystals on neodymium oxide particle is clearly observed in molten NaF-CaF_(2)-NdF_(3).Based on scanning electron microscopy(SEM)-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS)and X-ray diffraction(XRD)analyses of products,neodynium oxyfluoride was successfully synthesized in the four fluoride media.The neodynium oxyfluoride generated in the LiF-CaF_(2)-NdF_(3),LiF-NdF_(3),and NaF-KF-NdF_(3)melts is a tetragonal structure.However,in molten NaF-CaF_(2)-NdF_(3),neodynium oxyfluoride with a rhombohedral structure is formed.It is suggested that the substitution of Na(Ⅰ)and Ca(Ⅱ)for Nd(Ⅲ)can transform NdOF from tetragonal structure to rhombohedral structure.The growth rate of needle crystals generated in molten NaF-CaF_(2)-NdF_(3)was calculated based on the result of a confocal scanning laser microscope,and it is found that the reaction kinetics of crystal formation is zero-order reaction.The effect of fluoride media on the structure and morphology of formed NdOF were evaluated by XRD,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and SEM.The neodymium oxyfluoride prepared in the fluoride media with high fluoride ion activity has low binding energy of F 1 s.The ratio of adsorbed oxygen to lattice oxygen for neodymium oxyfluoride prepared in molten LiF-NdF_(3)is larger than those in the other three fluoride media,so it can have better catalytic performance.

Correction to: Lipid droplets and mitochondria are anchored during brown adipocyte differentiation

CORRECTION TO:PROTEIN CELL 2019,10(12):921-926 https://DOI.ORG/10.1007/S13238-019-00661-1 The authors would like to update the supplementary information in the published original version.The updated supplementary material is provided in this correction.OPEN ACCESS This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License,which permits use,sharing,adaptation,distribution and reproduction in any medium or format,as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s)and the source,provide a link to the Creative Commons licence,and indicate if changes were made.

Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for efficient ectoine production

Ectoine is a high-value stabilizer and protective agent with various applications in enzyme industry,cosmetics,and biomedi-cine.In this study,rational engineering strategies have been implemented in Escherichia coli to efficiently produce ectoine.First,the synthetic pathway of ectoine was constructed in E.coli MG1655 by introducing an artificial thermal switch system harboring the ectABC cluster from Halomonas elongate,and the resulting strain produced 1.95 g/L ectoine.Second,crr encoding the glucose-specific enzyme II domain A of phosphotransferase system and iclR encoding the glyoxylate shunt transcriptional repressor were deleted in E.coli for enhancing the oxaloacetate supply,leading to the increasement of the ectoine titer to 9.09 g/L.Third,thrA encoding the bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase was removed from the genome to weaken the competitive pathway;simultaneously,an endogenous feedback-resistant lysC was overexpressed to complement the enzymatic activity deficiency of the aspartate kinase,leading to 30.36%increase of ectoine titer.Next,the expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase was modulated with varying gradient strength promoters to accelerate the biosynthesis efficiency of ectoine.Finally,aspDH encoding aspartate dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 was overexpressed to further improve the biosynthesis of ectoine.The final strain MWZ003/pFT28-ectABC-EclysC^(*)-aspDH-ppc3 produced 30.37 g/L ectoine after 36-h fed-batch fermentation with a yield of 0.132 g/g glucose and a productivity of 0.844 g/(L h).