Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)play key roles in plant–plant communication,especially in response to pest attack.E-2-hexenal is an important component of VOCs,but it is unclear whether it can induce endog-enous plan...Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)play key roles in plant–plant communication,especially in response to pest attack.E-2-hexenal is an important component of VOCs,but it is unclear whether it can induce endog-enous plant resistance to insects.Here,we show that E-2-hexenal activates early signaling events in Ara-bidopsis(Arabidopsis thaliana)mesophyll cells,including an H2O2 burst at the plasma membrane,the directedflow of calcium ions,and an increase in cytosolic calcium concentration.Treatment of wild-type Arabidopsis plants with E-2-hexenal increases their resistance when challenged with the diamond-back moth Plutella xylostella L.,and this phenomenon is largely lost in the wrky46 mutant.Mechanistically,E-2-hexenal induces the expression of WRKY46 and MYC2,and the physical interaction of their encoded proteins was verified by yeast two-hybrid,firefly luciferase complementation imaging,and in vitro pull-down assays.The WRKY46–MYC2 complex directly binds to the promoter of RBOHD to promote its expres-sion,as demonstrated by luciferase reporter,yeast one-hybrid,chromatin immunoprecipitation,and electrophoretic mobility shift assays.This module also positively regulates the expression of E-2-hexenal-induced naringenin biosynthesis genes(TT4 and CHIL)and the accumulation of totalflavonoids,thereby modulating plant tolerance to insects.Together,our results highlight an important role for the WRKY46–MYC2 module in the E-2-hexenal-induced defense response of Arabidopsis,providing new in-sights into the mechanisms by which VOCs trigger plant defense responses.展开更多
To the Editor:Hypertension is an important risk factor for the incidence and prognosis of diabetes and ischemic stroke.Both diabetes and ischemic stroke are common disorders that often occur together,and up to approxi...To the Editor:Hypertension is an important risk factor for the incidence and prognosis of diabetes and ischemic stroke.Both diabetes and ischemic stroke are common disorders that often occur together,and up to approximately 34%of acute ischemic stroke patients also experience diabetes.[1]Previous studies have shown that stroke patients with hyperglycemia or diabetes exhibited increased risks of recurrent stroke,poor neurological outcomes,and mortality.However,few studies have explored the relationship between systolic blood pressure(SBP)levels or SBP trajectories and clinical outcomes in patients with both ischemic stroke and diabetes.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31270655).
文摘Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)play key roles in plant–plant communication,especially in response to pest attack.E-2-hexenal is an important component of VOCs,but it is unclear whether it can induce endog-enous plant resistance to insects.Here,we show that E-2-hexenal activates early signaling events in Ara-bidopsis(Arabidopsis thaliana)mesophyll cells,including an H2O2 burst at the plasma membrane,the directedflow of calcium ions,and an increase in cytosolic calcium concentration.Treatment of wild-type Arabidopsis plants with E-2-hexenal increases their resistance when challenged with the diamond-back moth Plutella xylostella L.,and this phenomenon is largely lost in the wrky46 mutant.Mechanistically,E-2-hexenal induces the expression of WRKY46 and MYC2,and the physical interaction of their encoded proteins was verified by yeast two-hybrid,firefly luciferase complementation imaging,and in vitro pull-down assays.The WRKY46–MYC2 complex directly binds to the promoter of RBOHD to promote its expres-sion,as demonstrated by luciferase reporter,yeast one-hybrid,chromatin immunoprecipitation,and electrophoretic mobility shift assays.This module also positively regulates the expression of E-2-hexenal-induced naringenin biosynthesis genes(TT4 and CHIL)and the accumulation of totalflavonoids,thereby modulating plant tolerance to insects.Together,our results highlight an important role for the WRKY46–MYC2 module in the E-2-hexenal-induced defense response of Arabidopsis,providing new in-sights into the mechanisms by which VOCs trigger plant defense responses.
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82020108028)
文摘To the Editor:Hypertension is an important risk factor for the incidence and prognosis of diabetes and ischemic stroke.Both diabetes and ischemic stroke are common disorders that often occur together,and up to approximately 34%of acute ischemic stroke patients also experience diabetes.[1]Previous studies have shown that stroke patients with hyperglycemia or diabetes exhibited increased risks of recurrent stroke,poor neurological outcomes,and mortality.However,few studies have explored the relationship between systolic blood pressure(SBP)levels or SBP trajectories and clinical outcomes in patients with both ischemic stroke and diabetes.
