Based on the household survey data of rural residents in 30 provinces(cities,districts)of China from 1995 to 2019,this paper constructs an econometric model of farmers’consumption behavior with habit formation and ec...Based on the household survey data of rural residents in 30 provinces(cities,districts)of China from 1995 to 2019,this paper constructs an econometric model of farmers’consumption behavior with habit formation and economic policy uncertainty,and makes an empirical analysis of farmers’consumption behavior by using sys-gmm estimation method.The results show that:since the reform and opening up,the changes of Chinese farmers’consumption behavior not only show excessive sensitivity to income changes on the whole,but also show a significant habit forming effect,and the existence of habit effect will reduce the impact of economic policy uncertainty on consumption;there is a large gap between regions,and the consumption in the western region is affected by the uncertainty of economic policy,the impact is greater.Therefore,the government should pay attention to the impact of economic shock on consumption,maintain the systematicness and stability of the policy,enhance the stability,continuity and accuracy of the policy,drive the development of the western region,build a long-term policy mechanism to promote the sustained and rapid increase of farmers’income,and further change farmers’consumption concept.展开更多
Understanding how defect chemistry of oxide material influences the thermal stability of noble metal dopant ions plays an important role in designing high-performance heterogeneous catalytic systems.Here we use in-sit...Understanding how defect chemistry of oxide material influences the thermal stability of noble metal dopant ions plays an important role in designing high-performance heterogeneous catalytic systems.Here we use in-situ ambient-pressure X-ray photoemission spectroscopy(APXPS)to experimentally determine the role of grain boundary in the thermal stability of platinum doped cerium oxide(Pt/CeO_(2)).The grain boundaries were introduced in Pt/CeO_(2)thin films by pulsed laser deposition without significantly change of the surface microstructure.The defect level was tuned by the strain field obtained using a highly/low mismatched substrate.The Pt/CeO_(2)thin film models having well defined crystallographic properties but different grain boundary structural defect levels provide an ideal platform for exploring the evolution of Pt–O–Ce bond with changing the temperature in reducing conditions.We have direct demonstration and explanation of the role of Ce^(3+)induced by grain boundaries in enhancing Pt2+stability.We observe that the Pt^(2+)–O–Ce^(3+)bond provides an ideal coordinated site for anchoring of Pt^(2+)ions and limits the further formation of oxygen vacancies during the reduction with H_(2).Our findings demonstrate the importance of grain boundary in the atomic-scale design of thermally stable catalytic active sites.展开更多
基金This paper is the result of Yangzhou University Science and innovation fund(Project No.:x20200820).
文摘Based on the household survey data of rural residents in 30 provinces(cities,districts)of China from 1995 to 2019,this paper constructs an econometric model of farmers’consumption behavior with habit formation and economic policy uncertainty,and makes an empirical analysis of farmers’consumption behavior by using sys-gmm estimation method.The results show that:since the reform and opening up,the changes of Chinese farmers’consumption behavior not only show excessive sensitivity to income changes on the whole,but also show a significant habit forming effect,and the existence of habit effect will reduce the impact of economic policy uncertainty on consumption;there is a large gap between regions,and the consumption in the western region is affected by the uncertainty of economic policy,the impact is greater.Therefore,the government should pay attention to the impact of economic shock on consumption,maintain the systematicness and stability of the policy,enhance the stability,continuity and accuracy of the policy,drive the development of the western region,build a long-term policy mechanism to promote the sustained and rapid increase of farmers’income,and further change farmers’consumption concept.
基金The APXPS experiments were performed at BL02B01 of SSRF with the approval of the Proposal Assessing Committee of SiP.ME2 platform project(Proposal No.2019-SSRF-PT-011613)the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11227902)the Shanghai Key Research Program(No.20ZR1436700).
文摘Understanding how defect chemistry of oxide material influences the thermal stability of noble metal dopant ions plays an important role in designing high-performance heterogeneous catalytic systems.Here we use in-situ ambient-pressure X-ray photoemission spectroscopy(APXPS)to experimentally determine the role of grain boundary in the thermal stability of platinum doped cerium oxide(Pt/CeO_(2)).The grain boundaries were introduced in Pt/CeO_(2)thin films by pulsed laser deposition without significantly change of the surface microstructure.The defect level was tuned by the strain field obtained using a highly/low mismatched substrate.The Pt/CeO_(2)thin film models having well defined crystallographic properties but different grain boundary structural defect levels provide an ideal platform for exploring the evolution of Pt–O–Ce bond with changing the temperature in reducing conditions.We have direct demonstration and explanation of the role of Ce^(3+)induced by grain boundaries in enhancing Pt2+stability.We observe that the Pt^(2+)–O–Ce^(3+)bond provides an ideal coordinated site for anchoring of Pt^(2+)ions and limits the further formation of oxygen vacancies during the reduction with H_(2).Our findings demonstrate the importance of grain boundary in the atomic-scale design of thermally stable catalytic active sites.
