An Efficient Plant Regeneration System of Hydrangea bretschneideri Dipp via Stem Segments as Explants

Hydrangea bretschneideri Dipp is a highly popular ornamental plant for garden decoration.Genetic engineering technology has been successfully used in many plant species,but it is limited in Hydrangea.Here we established an efficient regeneration system by using stem segments as explants for the first time.In our study,the plant growth regulators(PGRs)were evaluated at the different regeneration processes,including axillary shoots regeneration and root induction.We found that the optimal concentration for axillary buds’induction was 2.0 mgL^(-1)6-BA and 0.5 mgL^(-1)1 IAA,its highest induction rate was 70%.Moreover,the highest axillary shoots proliferation coefficient was 10.7 on the Murashige and Skoog(MS)medium with 2.0 mgL^(-1)6-benzyladenine(BA),0.2 mgL^(-1)indole-3-butyric acid(IBA),and 1.0 mgL^(-1)gibberellin A3(GA3).The highest frequency of root induction was 80.0±0.06%by culturing the elongated shoots in 1/2 MS medium containing 0.1 mgL^(-1)IBA.In summary,our study will provide an effective technology for large-scale propagation and important pathway for promoting the popularization and application of Hydrangea bretschneideri Dipp.

Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer transmitting architecture based on asynchronous space-time-coding digital metasurface[Invited]

Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer(SWIPT)architecture is commonly applied in wireless sensors or Internet of Things(IoT)devices,providing both wireless power sources and communication channels.However,the traditional SWIPT transmitter usually suffers from cross-talk distortion caused by the high peak-to-average power ratio of the input signal and the reduction of power amplifier efficiency.This paper proposes a SWIPT transmitting architecture based on an asynchronous space-time-coding digital metasurface(ASTCM).High-efficiency simultaneous transfer of information and power is achieved via energy distribution and information processing of the wireless monophonic signal reflected from the metasurface.We demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method through theoretical derivations and experimental verification,which is therefore believed to have great potential in wireless communications and the IoT devices.

Arbitrarily rotating polarization direction and manipulating phases in linear and nonlinear ways using programmable metasurface

Independent controls of various properties of electromagnetic(EM)waves are crucially required in a wide range of applications.Programmable metasurface is a promising candidate to provide an advanced platform for manipulating EM waves.Here,we propose an approach that can arbitrarily control the polarization direction and phases of reflected waves in linear and nonlinear ways using a stacked programmable metasurface.Further,we extend the space-timecoding theory to incorporate the dimension of polarization,which provides an extra degree of freedom for manipulating EM waves.As proof-of-principle application examples,we consider polarization rotation,phase manipulation,and beam steering at linear and nonlinear frequencies.For validation,we design,fabricate,and measure a metasurface sample.The experimental results show good agreement with theoretical predictions and simulations.The proposed approach has a wide range of applications in various areas,such as imaging,data storage,and wireless communication.