Chromosome-scale assembly of the Kandelia obovata genome

The mangrove Kandelia obovata(Rhizophoraceae)is an important coastal shelterbelt and landscape tree distributed in tropical and subtropical areas across East Asia and Southeast Asia.Herein,a chromosome-level reference genome of K.obovata based on PacBio,Illumina,and Hi-C data is reported.The high-quality assembled genome size is 177.99 Mb,with a contig N50 value of 5.74 Mb.A large number of contracted gene families and a small number of expanded gene families,as well as a small number of repeated sequences,may account for the small K.obovata genome.We found that K.obovata experienced two whole-genome polyploidization events:one whole-genome duplication shared with other Rhizophoreae and one shared with most eudicots(γevent).We confidently annotated 19,138 protein-coding genes in K.obovata and identified the MADS-box gene class and the RPW8 gene class,which might be related to flowering and resistance to powdery mildew in K.obovata and Rhizophora apiculata,respectively.The reference K.obovata genome described here will be very useful for further molecular elucidation of various traits,the breeding of this coastal shelterbelt species,and evolutionary studies with related taxa.

Pit pairs in ginkgo seed shell guide the crack

The seed shell of a plant can protect the embryo free from external damage[1].This very effective sealing barrier perfectly combines rigidity and toughness to enable the seed to transition to the next stage[2].Protective shells have attracted attention for their intriguing microstructure-property relationship[3-8].

Trans-base and trans-vault low-velocity penetrating brain injury:A retrospective comparative study of characteristics,treatment,and outcomes

Low-velocity penetrating brain injury(LVPBI)caused by foreign bodies can pose life-threatening emergencies.Their complexity and lack of validated classification data have prevented standardization of clinical management.We aimed to compare the trans-base and trans-vault phenotypes of LVPBI to help provide guidance for clinical decision-making of such injury type.;A retrospective study on LVPBI patients managed at our institution from November 2013 to March 2020 was conducted.We included LVPBI patients admitted for the first time for surgery,and excluded those with multiple injuries,gunshot wounds,pregnancy,severe blunt head trauma,etc.Patients were categorized into trans-base and trans-vault LVPBI groups based on the penetration pathway.Discharged patients were followed up by outpatient visit or telephone.The data were entered into the Electronic Medical Record system by clinicians,and subsequently derived by researchers.The demography and injury characteristics,treatment protocols,complications,and outcomes were analyzed and compared between the two groups.A t-test was used for analysis of normally distributed data,and a Mann-Whitney U test for non-parametric data.A generalized linear model was further established to determine whether the factors length of stay and performance scale score were influenced by each factor.;A total of 27 LVPBI patients were included in this analysis,comprised of 13(48.1%)trans-base cases and 14(51.9%)trans-vault cases.Statistical analyses suggested that trans-base LVPBI was correlated with deeper wounds;while the trans-vault phenotype was correlated with injury by metal foreign bodies.There was no difference in Glasgow Coma Scale score and the risk of intracranial hemorrhage between the two groups.Surgical approaches in the trans-base LVPBI group included subfrontal(n=5,38.5%),subtemporal(n=5,38.5%),lateral fissure(n=2,15.4%),and distal lateral(n=1,7.7%).All patients in the trans-vault group underwent a brain convex approach using the foreign body as reference(n=14,100%).Moreover,the two groups differed in application prerequisites for intracranial pressure monitoring and vessel-related treatment.Trans-base LVPBI was associated with higher rates of cranial nerve and major vessel injuries;in contrast,trans-vault LVPBI was associated with lower functional outcome scores.;Our findings suggest that trans-base and trans-vault LVPBIs differ in terms of characteristics,treatment,and outcomes.Further understanding of these differences may help guide clinical decisions and contribute to a better management of LVPBIs.

基于π-π/H-键协同作用制备含芘小分子增强高韧性石墨烯纸

轻质高强且具备高韧性的石墨烯组装材料在抗冲击防护领域有着潜在的应用价值.在这项工作中,我们通过在还原氧化石墨烯层间界面交联1-氨基芘AP和1-芘丁酸PB共轭小分子,可以获得具有高导电、高韧性的超强复合石墨烯纸(AP/PB-GPs).结果表明,超过10μm厚度的复合石墨烯纸具有超高的平均韧性(~69.67±15.3 MJ m^(-3)),同时抗拉伸强度接近1 GPa;尤其在抗冲击性能方面,在高速弹道冲击速度下,仍然可以获得优异的比穿透能量吸收值(~0.17 MJ kg^(-1)).详细的界面和结构分析表明,界面增强是由相邻石墨烯层间与共轭分子之间的π-π相互作用和氢键连接共同决定的.尤其是石墨烯纳米片内的孔洞及边缘缺陷更有利于共轭小分子充分的吸附,这必然会使界面结合最大化,在连续高的加载应力下能够有效促进裂纹的偏转和塑性变形.密度泛函理论(DFT)模拟表明,石墨烯纳米片边缘的–COOH极性官能团与AP/PB分子表面的–NH_(2)、–COOH之间的耦合对氢键网络的形成起着关键作用.

Activating proper inflammation for wound-healing acceleration via mesoporous silica nanoparticle tissue adhesive

Efficient initiation and resolution of inflammation are crucial for wound repair.However,with using tissue adhesives for wound repair,patients occasionally suffered from delayed healing process because slow elimination of those exogenous adhesives generally leads to chronic inflammation.As the demand for minimal invasive therapy continues to rise,desire for adhesive materials that can effectively reconnect surgical gaps and promote wound regeneration becomes increasingly urgent.Herein,by exploiting the inherent porous structure and performance of adhesion to tissue of mesoporous silica nanoparticles(MSNs),we demonstrate a tissue adhesive that can elicit acute inflammatory response and get eliminated after tissue reformation.With formation of nanocomposites in wound gaps,the injured tissues can get reconnected conveniently.The resultant accelerated healing process verifty that the strategy of exploiting unique properties of nanomaterials can effectively promote inflammation resolution and wound repair.This design strategy will inspire more innovative tissue adhesives for clinical applications.