Unraveling the biological link between diabetes mellitus and prostate cancer:Insights and implications

This article is a comprehensive study based on research on the connection between diabetes mellitus(DM)and prostate cancer(PCa).It investigates the potential role of DM as an independent risk factor for PCa,delving into the biological links,including insulin resistance and hormonal changes.The paper critically analyzes previous studies that have shown varying results and introduces mendelian randomization as a method for establishing causality.It emphasizes the importance of early DM screening and lifestyle modifications in preventing PCa,and proposes future research directions for further understanding the DM-PCa relationship.

Association between tobacco exposure and bladder cancer recurrence:A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND However,the connection between smoking and the prognosis of patients with bladder cancer remains unclear.AIM To determine whether smoking is linked to the recurrence and progression of bladder cancer.METHODS As of July 20,2022,relevant English-language research was identified by searching PubMed,the Web of Science,and the Cochrane Library.We pooled the available data from the included studies using a random effects model.Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were also conducted.RESULTS A total of 12 studies were included in this meta-analysis.The combined analysis revealed that tobacco exposure was associated with a significantly greater recurrence rate than nonsmoking status[odd ratios(OR)=1.76,95%CI:1.84-2.93],and the progression of bladder cancer was significantly greater in smokers than in nonsmokers(OR=1.21,95%CI:1.02-1.44).Stratified analysis further revealed that current smokers were more likely to experience relapse than never-smokers were(OR=1.85,95%CI:1.11-3.07).Former smokers also had a greater risk of relapse than did never-smokers(OR=1.73,95%CI:1.09-2.73).Subgroup analysis indicated that non-Caucasians may be more susceptible to bladder cancer recurrence than Caucasians are(OR=2.13,95%CI:1.74-2.61).CONCLUSION This meta-analysis revealed that tobacco exposure may be a significant risk factor for both the recurrence and progression of bladder cancer.

闭角型青光眼合并白内障急性发作眼与对侧眼术后眼表变化

目的:探讨原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)合并白内障急性发作眼与对侧眼术后眼表变化。方法:选取2021-01/2022-01于郑州大学附属郑州中心医院就诊的单眼发作的急性PACG合并白内障患者40例,急性发作眼行小梁切除术联合超声乳化白内障吸除人工晶状体植入术,对侧眼行超声乳化白内障吸除人工晶状体植入术,分别于术前、术后1、3、6mo行眼表疾病指数(OSDI)问卷调查及非侵入性首次泪膜破裂时间(NifBUT)、非侵入性平均泪膜破裂时间(NiaBUT)、泪河高度(TMH)检查。结果:纳入患者术后1、3mo OSDI评分(14.72±3.07、11.39±2.24分)较术前(9.68±1.98分)明显升高(均P<0.0083),术后6mo(10.18±1.84分)与术前无明显差异;发作眼术后1、3mo NifBUT较术前明显降低,术后1、3、6mo NiaBUT较术前明显降低(均P<0.0083);对侧眼术后1mo NifBUT和NiaBUT较术前均明显降低(均P<0.0083),术后3、6mo与术前无明显差异。手术前后纳入患者发作眼和对侧眼TMH均无差异(P>0.05)。结论:PACG合并白内障术后泪膜稳定性下降,发作眼恢复需6mo甚至更长,对侧眼约需3mo。

Dose optimization of intrathecal administration of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of subacute incomplete spinal cord injury

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(hUC-MSCs)are a promising candidate for spinal cord injury(SCI)repair owing to their advantages of low immunogenicity and easy accessibility over other MSC sources.However,modest clinical efficacy hampered the progression of these cells to clinical translation.This discrepancy may be due to many variables,such as cell source,timing of implantation,route of administration,and relevant efficacious cell dose,which are critical factors that affect the efficacy of treatment of patients with SCI.Previously,we have evaluated the safety and efficacy of 4×10^(6) hUC-MSCs/kg in the treatment of subacute SCI by intrathecal implantation in rat models.To search for a more accurate dose range for clinical translation,we compared the effects of three different doses of hUC-MSCs-low(0.25×10^(6) cells/kg),medium(1×10^(6) cells/kg)and high(4×10^(6) cells/kg)-on subacute SCI repair through an elaborate combination of behavioral analyses,anatomical analyses,magnetic resonance imaging-diffusion tensor imaging(MRI-DTI),biotinylated dextran amine(BDA)tracing,electrophysiology,and quantification of mRNA levels of ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors.Our study demonstrated that the medium dose,but not the low dose,is as efficient as the high dose in producing the desired therapeutic outcomes.Furthermore,partial restoration of theγ-aminobutyric acid type A(GABAA)receptor expression by the effective doses indicates that GABAA receptors are possible candidates for therapeutic targeting of dormant relay pathways in injured spinal cord.Overall,this study revealed that intrathecal implantation of 1×10^(6) hUC-MSCs/kg is an alternative approach for treating subacute SCI.

Clinical features and changes of disease spectrum of zoneⅡretinopathy of prematurity:a 10-year review

AIM:To report the clinical features and evolution of zoneⅡretinopathy of prematurity(ROP).METHODS:RetCam images of preterm infants with zoneⅡROP at our hospital between January 2009 and January 2019 were reviewed.The location,extent,and severity of ROP were recorded.Eyes were classified as typeⅠzoneⅡ,type 2 zoneⅡ,and mild zoneⅡROP.The clinical features and evolution of zoneⅡROP were analyzed.RESULTS:In total,184 infants(302 eyes)were enrolled.Of these,55 eyes(18%)developed typeⅠzoneⅡROP,39 eyes(13%)developed type 2 zoneⅡROP,and 208 eyes(69%)developed mild zoneⅡROP.The proportion of typeⅠzoneⅡROP significantly decreased over the IOy.The onset of type 2 zoneⅡand mild zoneⅡROP were Iwk earlier than typeⅠzoneⅡ,and both regressed at 45wk.Isolated neovascular tuft(popcorn)and double track signs were characteristic manifestations of zoneⅡROP.Eighty-seven percent of typeⅠzoneⅡROP regressed completely with an unfavorable outcome that emerged in seven eyes after laser treatment.CONCLUSION:ZoneⅡis an area with ROP disease at various risk levels.ZoneⅡROP has unique clinical presentations like popcorn and double track signs.Over time,the proportion of zoneⅡROP with high risk gradually decrease and respond well to therapy.

Development and validation of a web-based calculator to predict individualized conditional risk of site-specific recurrence in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Analysis of 10,058 endemic cases

Background:Conditional survival(CS)provides dynamic prognostic estimates by considering the patients existing survival time.Since CS for endemic nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)is lacking,we aimed to assess the CS of endemic NPC and establish a web-based calculator to predict individualized,conditional sitespecific recurrence risk.Methods:Using an NPC-specific database with a big-data intelligence platform,10,058 endemic patients with non-metastatic stage I–IVA NPC receiving intensity-modulated radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy between April 2009 and December 2015 were investigated.Crude CS estimates of conditional overall survival(COS),conditional disease-free survival(CDFS),conditional locoregional relapse-free survival(CLRRFS),conditional distant metastasis-free survival(CDMFS),and conditional NPC-specific survival(CNPC-SS)were calculated.Covariate-adjusted CS estimates were generated using inverse probability weighting.A prediction model was established using competing risk models and was externally validated with an independent,non-metastatic stage I–IVA NPC cohort undergoing intensity-modulated radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy(n=601)at another institution.Results:The median follow-up of the primary cohort was 67.2 months.The 5-year COS,CDFS,CLRRFS,CDMFS,and CNPC-SS increased from 86.2%,78.1%,89.8%,87.3%,and 87.6%at diagnosis to 87.3%,87.7%,94.4%,96.0%,and 90.1%,respectively,for an existing survival time of 3 years since diagnosis.Differences in CS estimates between prognostic factor subgroups of each endpoint were noticeable at diagnosis but diminished with time,whereas an ever-increasing disparity in CS between different age subgroups was observed over time.Notably,the prognoses of patients that were poor at diagnosis improved greatly as patients survived longer.For individualized CS predictions,we developed a web-based model to estimate the conditional risk of local(C-index,0.656),regional(0.667),bone(0.742),lung(0.681),and liver(0.711)recurrence,which significantly outperformed the current staging system(P<0.001).The performance of this webbased model was further validated using an external validation cohort(median follow-up,61.3 months),with C-indices of 0.672,0.736,0.754,0.663,and 0.721,respectively.Conclusions:We characterized the CS of endemic NPC in the largest cohort to date.Moreover,we established a web-based calculator to predict the CS of sitespecific recurrence,which may help to tailor individualized,risk-based,timeadapted follow-up strategies.