Progress on the melanoidins produced by the Maillard reaction of fermented food and traditional Chinese medicine

FMs(Food-borne melanoidins)are brown high molecular weight polymers formed by the Mailiard reaction between carbohydrates and nitrogen-containing compounds during the processing of food or Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),and are widely found in food-borne products such as TCM concoctions,bakery,brewing,soy sauce,ferment and other food-borne products.FMs not only have a variety of biological activities,such as antioxidant,antibacterial,immunomodulation,regulation of intestinal flora,etc.,and can change the color,aroma and taste of food.The diversity of its components has become a research hotspot at home and abroad in recent years,with a wide range of application prospects.Therefore,this paper summarizes the existing information on FMs at home and abroad,mainly describes their preparation process,physicochemical properties,structural characteristics and functional activity research progress.Typical FMs,such as coffee,biscuits,wine and soy sauce in daily food,and Polygonatum,Perilla oil,Black ginseng,and Red jujube in T,were highlighted.Summarising the current status of research between the chemistry and pharmacodynamics of relevant FMs and presenting challenges and future recommendations for melanoidin research.In future research on FMs,one should pay more attention to basic research,especially isolation and purification and generation mechanisms,to further demonstrate the biological activity of FMs in vivo and in clinical trials.Thus,the potential value of its existence is deeply exploited to meet the needs of technology,production and health.

Cosmetic blepharoplasty and dry eye disease: a review of the incidence, clinical manifestations, mechanisms and prevention

Dry eye disease is a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface and can be caused by a variety of iatrogenic interventions,especially ophthalmic surgical procedures.This article reviews the incidence,clinical manifestations,mechanisms and prevention of dry eye disease caused or worsened by cosmetic blepharoplasty,and focus on how to reduce and prevent the occurrence of postoperative dry eye disease and provide the basis for the selection of operation methods and the rational drug during the perioperative period.

Evaluation of chronic ocular sequelae in patients with symblepharon caused by ocular burns

AIM:To evaluate chronic ocular sequelae in patients with symblepharon caused by ocular burns and propose an objective grading system.METHODS:This was a retrospective,single-center clinical study.Patients with symblepharon caused by ocular burns at least six months later were assessed.Chronic ocular sequelae were classified into 3 categories(eyelid,conjunctiva,and cornea)and 9 chronic ocular sequelae[friction factors,exposure factors,conjunctival hyperemia,length of symblepharon,scope of adhesion,lacrimal area adhesion,loss of the palisades of Vogt(POV),corneal neovascularization,and corneal opacification].Each ocular sequela was graded from 0 to 3,depending on the increasing severity.The 9 ocular sequelae were evaluated to obtain the total severity score for each eye.The total severity score was defined as Grade I(1-9),Grade II(10-18),and Grade III(19-27).Moreover,the correlation between the severity of chronic ocular sequelae and visual acuity,surgical strategy,and the prognosis was analyzed,respectively.RESULTS:Cases of 79 eyes with symblepharon caused by ocular burns were included in this study.Of these,20(25.32%)were defined as Grade I,43(54.43%)as Grade II,and 16(20.25%)as Grade III.Eyes with a high total severity score had reduced visual acuity,required complicated surger y strategies,and poor prognosis(P<0.001).Multivariate regression analysis showed that the scope of adhesion,corneal opacification,and corneal neovascularization significantly affected visual acuity,surgical strategy,and prognosis(all P<0.001).CONCLUSION:The evaluation of chronic ocular sequelae enabled the development of an objective grading system for patients with symblepharon caused by ocular burns.This grading system can be applied to guide the treatment and predict the prognosis.