To estimate the cancer incidences and mortalities in China in 2010, the National Central Cancer Registry(NCCR) of China evaluated data for the year of 2010 from 145 qualified cancer registries covering 158,403,248 peo...To estimate the cancer incidences and mortalities in China in 2010, the National Central Cancer Registry(NCCR) of China evaluated data for the year of 2010 from 145 qualified cancer registries covering 158,403,248 people(92,433,739 in urban areas and 65,969,509 in rural areas). The estimates of new cancer cases and cancer deaths were 3,093,039 and 1,956,622 in 2010, respectively. The percentage of morphologically verified cases were 67.11%; 2.99% of incident cases were identified through death certification only, with the mortality to incidence ratio of 0.61. The crude incidence was 235.23/100,000(268.65/100,000 in males and 200.21/100,000 in females). The age-standardized rates by Chinese standard population(ASR China) and by world standard population(ASR world) were 184.58/100,000 and 181.49/100,000, respectively, with a cumulative incidence(0-74 years old) of 21.11%. The crude cancer mortality was 148.81/100,000(186.37/100,000 in males and 109.42/100,000 in females). The ASR China and ASR world were 113.92/100,000 and 112.86/100,000, respectively, with a cumulative mortality of 12.78%. Lung, breast, gastric, liver, esophageal, colorectal, and cervical cancers were the most common cancers. Lung, liver, gastric, esophageal, colorectal, breast, and pancreatic cancers were the leading causes of cancer deaths. The coverage of cancer registration has rapidly increased in China in recent years and may reflect more accurate cancer burdens among populations living in different areas. Given the increasing cancer burden in the past decades, China should strengthen its cancer prevention and control.展开更多
Liver cancer is a common malignant tumor in China and a major health concern. We aimed to estimate the liver cancer incidence and mortality in China in 2010 using liver cancer data from some Chinese cancer registries ...Liver cancer is a common malignant tumor in China and a major health concern. We aimed to estimate the liver cancer incidence and mortality in China in 2010 using liver cancer data from some Chinese cancer registries and provide reference for liver cancer prevention and treatment. We collected and evaluated the incidence and mortality data of liver cancer in 2010 from 145 cancer registries, which were included in the 2013 Chinese Cancer Registry Annual Report, calculated crude, standardized, and truncated incidences and mortalities, and estimated new liver cancer cases and deaths from liver cancer throughout China and in different regions in 2010 from Chinese practical population. The estimates of new liver cancer cases and deaths were 358,840 and 312,432, respectively, in China in 2010. The crude incidence, age-standardized rate by Chinese standard population(ASR China), and age-standardized rate by world standard population(ASR world) were 27.29/100,000, 21.35/100,000, and 20.87/100,000, respectively; the crude, ASR China, and ASR world mortalities were 23.76/100,000, 18.43/100,000, and 18.04/100,000, respectively. The incidence and mortality were the highest in western regions, higher in rural areas than in urban areas, and higher in males than in females. The age-specific incidence and mortality of liver cancer showed a rapid increase from age 30 and peaked at age 80-84 or 85+. Our results indicated that the 2010 incidence and mortality of liver cancer in China, especially in undeveloped rural areas and western regions, were among high levels worldwide. The strategy for liver cancer prevention and treatment should be strengthened.展开更多
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) is common in South China. Although regional epidemiological data on NPC in China is available, national epidemiological data have been unavailable up to now. The goal of this study was to...Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) is common in South China. Although regional epidemiological data on NPC in China is available, national epidemiological data have been unavailable up to now. The goal of this study was to analyze the NPC incidence and mortality data in some domestic cancer registries, estimate these rates in China in 2010, and provide scientific information that can be harnessed for NPC control and prevention. To accomplish this goal, NPC incidence and mortality data for 2010 were collected from 145 Chinese cancer registries from which data were included in the 2013 National Cancer Registry Annual Report. Such indices as its incident and death numbers, crude rates, age-standardized rates and truncated rates were calculated and analyzed. The incidence and mortality in China and constituent areas were estimated according to the national population in 2010. An estimated 41,503 new cases and 20,058 deaths were attributed to NPC in China in 2010, accounting for 1.34% of all new cancer cases and 1.03% of all cancer-related deaths that year in China. Crude incidence and mortality were 3.16/100,000 and 1.53/100,000, respectively. World age-standardized incidence and mortality were 2.44/100,000 and 1.18/100,000, respectively. Incidence and mortality were higher among males than among females and slightly higher in urban areas than in rural areas. Among seven Chinese administrative regions, NPC incidence and mortality were obviously higher in South China than in other regions and lowest in North China. The male and female age-specific incidence and mortality both rose quickly from age 25-29 years, but peaked at different ages and varied by location. These results demonstrated that NPC incidence and mortality in China especially in South China were at high levels in the world, and suggested that control and prevention efforts should be enhanced.展开更多
Background: We estimated the incidence and mortality of nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) in China in 2010 according to the data of 145 domestic population-based cancer registries in 2014, and no such reports since then.H...Background: We estimated the incidence and mortality of nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) in China in 2010 according to the data of 145 domestic population-based cancer registries in 2014, and no such reports since then.Hence, to further and better understand its epidemiology in China and to provide more precise scientific information for its control and prevention in China, we analyzed the NPC incidence and mortality of 255 domestic populationbased cancer registries, and estimated the national rates in 2013 again.Methods: NPC incidence and mortality data of 255 domestic cancer registries in 2013, accepted by the 2016 National Cancer Registry Annual Report, were collected and collated, and the indices of NPC such as the numbers of new cases and deaths, crude rates, age-standardized rates, and truncated rates of incidence and mortality were calculated and analyzed. The incidence and mortality in China and its constituent areas were estimated according to the national population in 2013.Results: An estimated 42,100 new cases and 21,320 deaths were attributed to NPC in China in 2013, accounting for1.14% of all new cancer cases and 0.96% of all cancer-related deaths that year in China. Crude incidence and mortality of NPC were 3.09/100,000 and 1.57/100,000, respectively. World age-standardized incidence and mortality were2.17/100,000 and 1.08/100,000, respectively. The incidence and mortality of males were obviously higher than those of females and slightly higher in urban areas than in rural areas. Among seven Chinese administrative regions, NPC incidence and mortality were obviously higher in South China than in other regions and lowest in North China. Top3 incidence and mortality provinces and registering areas all located in South China. The age-specific incidence and mortality rose quickly from age 25-29 and 35 to 39 years, respectively, peaked at different ages and varied by location.Conclusions: These results demonstrated that NPC incidence and mortality in China in 2013 were also at high levels worldwide, which suggested that its control and prevention should be enhanced.展开更多
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is rare globally but common in China and exhibits a distinct ethnic and geographic distribution. In 2009, the National Central Cancer Registry in China provided real-time surveillance in...Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is rare globally but common in China and exhibits a distinct ethnic and geographic distribution. In 2009, the National Central Cancer Registry in China provided real-time surveillance information on NPC. Individual NPC cases were retrieved from the national database based on the ICD-10 topography code C11. The crude incidence and mortality of NPC were calculated by sex and location (urban/rural). China's population in 1982 and Segi's world population structures were used to determine age-standardized rates. In regions covered by the cancer registries in 2009, the crude incidence of NPC was 3.61/100,000 (5.08/100,000 in males and 2.10/100,000 in females; 4.19/100,000 in urban areas and 2.42/100,000 in rural areas). Age-standardized incidences by Chinese population (ASIC) and Segi's world population (ASIW) were 2.05/100,000 and 2.54/100,000, respectively. The crude mortality of NPC was 1.99/100,000 (2.82/100,000 in males and 1.14/100,000 in females; 2.30/100,000 in urban areas and 1.37/100,000 in rural areas). The age-standardized mortalities by Chinese population (ASMC) and world population (ASMW) were 1.04/100,000 and 1.35/100,000, respectively. The incidence and mortality of NPC were higher in males than in females and higher in urban areas than in rural areas. Both agespecific incidence and mortality were relatively low in persons younger than 30 years old, but these rates dramatically increased. Incidence peaked in the 60-64 age group and mortality peaked in the over 85 age group. Primary and secondary prevention, such as lifestyle changes and early detection, should be carried out in males and females older than 30 years of age.展开更多
Objective:In many countries,the cervical cancer prevalence has declined but less information about the changes is available in China.This study aims to understand the epidemiological characteristics and trend of cerv...Objective:In many countries,the cervical cancer prevalence has declined but less information about the changes is available in China.This study aims to understand the epidemiological characteristics and trend of cervical cancer in China.Methods:Cervical cancer data of 11 cancer registries during 1988-2002 in China were analyzed.The age and urban/rural differences and trend of cervical cancer incidence and mortality were described and discussed.Results:During 1988-2002,a total of 6007 incidence cases and 3749 mortality cases of cervical cancer were reported in the 11 cancer registries.The incidence crude rate of cervical cancer was 3.80/100,000 and the world age adjusted rate was 2.78/100,000.In the same period,the mortality crude rate was 2.37/100,000 and the world age adjusted rate was 1.66/100,000.Declined incidence and mortality trends were observed during this period in urban as well as in rural areas.When calculating the rates by age group,we found that the declining trends were only for older women and increasing trends for younger women,especially for women in the rural areas.Conclusion:The incidence and mortality rates declined during the period of 1988-2002 in China for older women.The younger women showed an increasing trend during the same period,especially for women in rural area.展开更多
Objective: Cancer incidence and mortality data collected from population-based cancer registries were analyzed to present the overall cancer statistics in Chinese registration areas by age, sex and geographic area in...Objective: Cancer incidence and mortality data collected from population-based cancer registries were analyzed to present the overall cancer statistics in Chinese registration areas by age, sex and geographic area in 2007. Methods: In 2010, 48 cancer registries reported cancer incidence and mortality data of 2007 to National Central Cancer Registry of China. Of them, 38 registries' data met the national criteria. Incidence and mortality were calculated by cancer sites, age, gender, and area. Age-standardized rates were described by China and World population. Results: The crude incidence rate for all cancers was 276.16/100,000 (305.22/100,000 for male and 246.46/100,000 for female; 284.71/100,000 in urban and 251.07/100,000 in rural). Age-standardized incidence rates by China and World population were 145.39/100,000 and 189.46/100,000 respectively. The crude mortality rate for all cancers was 177.09/100,000 (219.15/100,000 for male and 134.10/100,000 for female; 173.55/100,000 in urban and 187.49/100,000 in rural). Age-standardized mortality rates by China and World population were 86.06/100,000 and 116.46/100,000, respectively. The top 10 most frequently common cancer sites were the lung, stomach, colon and rectum, liver, breast, esophagus, pancreas, bladder, brain and lymphoma, accounting for 76.12% of the total cancer cases. The top 10 causes of cancer death were cancers of the lung, liver, stomach, esophagus, colon and rectum, pancreas, breast, leukemia, brain and lymphoma, accounting for 84.37% of the total cancer deaths. Conclusion: Cancer remains a major disease threatening people's health in China. Prevention and control should be enhanced, especially for the main cancers.展开更多
Background: Liver cancer is a common cancer with poor prognosis in China. In this study, the national population?based cancer registration data were used to evaluate and analyze liver cancer incidence and mortality in...Background: Liver cancer is a common cancer with poor prognosis in China. In this study, the national population?based cancer registration data were used to evaluate and analyze liver cancer incidence and mortality in China in 2011 and provide a reference for liver cancer prevention and control.Methods: We collected and evaluated the incidence and mortality data of liver cancer in 2011 from 177 cancer registries with qualiied data. These data were used in the inal analysis including calculating crude, standardized, and truncated incidences and mortalities, and estimated new liver cancer cases and deaths using age?speciic rates and the corresponding populations. The national census in 2000 and Segi's population were used for age?standardized rates.Results: The estimates of new liver cancer cases and deaths were 355,595 and 322,416, respectively, in China in 2011. The crude incidence, age?standardized rate of incidence by Chinese standard population(ASRIC), and age?stand?ardized rate of incidence by world standard population(ASRIW) of liver cancer were 26.39/100,000, 19.48/100,000, and 19.10/100,000, respectively; the crude mortality, age?standardized rate of mortality by Chinese standard popula?tion(ASRMC), and age?standardized rate of mortality by world standard population(ASRMW) of liver cancer were 23.93/100,000,17.48/100,000, and 17.17/100,000, respectively. The incidence and mortality were higher in rural areas than in urban areas and higher in males than in females. The age?speciic incidence and mortality of liver cancer increased greatly with age, particularly after 30 years and peaked at 80–84 or 85+ years.Conclusions: Liver cancer is a common cancer in China, particularly for males and residents in rural areas. Targeted prevention, early detection, and treatment programs should be carried out.展开更多
Liver cancer is a common cancer and a leading cause of cancer deaths in China. To aid the government in establishing a control plan for this disease, we provided real-time surveillance information by analyzing liver c...Liver cancer is a common cancer and a leading cause of cancer deaths in China. To aid the government in establishing a control plan for this disease, we provided real-time surveillance information by analyzing liver cancer incidence and mortality in China in 2009 reported by the National Central Cancer Registry. Liver cancer incidence and cases of death were retrieved from the national database using the ICD-10 topography code "C22". Crude incidence and mortality were calculated and stratified by sex, age, and location (urban/rural). China's population in 1982 and Segi (world) population structures were used for age-standardized rates. In cancer registration areas in 2009, the crude incidence of liver cancer was 28.71/100,000, making it the fourth most common cancer in China, third most common in males, and fifth most common in females. The crude mortality of liver cancer was 26.04/100,000, making it the second leading cause of cancer death in China and urban areas and the third leading cause in rural areas. Incidence and mortality were higher in males than in females and were higher in rural areas than in urban areas. The age-specific incidence and mortality were relatively low among age groups under 30 years but dramatically increased and peaked in the 80 -84 years old group. These findings confirm that liver cancer is a common and fatal cancer in China. Primary and secondary prevention such as health education, hepatitis B virus vaccination, and early detection should be carried out both in males and females, in urban and rural areas.展开更多
Objective: Annual cancer incidence and mortality in 2008 were provided by National Central Cancer Registry in China, which data were collected from population‐based cancer registries in 2011. Methods: There were 56...Objective: Annual cancer incidence and mortality in 2008 were provided by National Central Cancer Registry in China, which data were collected from population‐based cancer registries in 2011. Methods: There were 56 registries submitted their data in 2008. After checking and evaluating the data quality, total 41 registries' data were accepted and pooled for analysis. Incidence and mortality rates by area (urban or rural areas) were assessed, as well as the age‐ and sex‐specific rates, age‐standardized rates, proportions and cumulative rate. Results: The coverage population of the 41 registries was 66,138,784 with 52,158,495 in urban areas and 13,980,289 in rural areas. There were 197,833 new cancer cases and 122,136 deaths in cancer with mortality to incidence ratio of 0.62. The morphological verified rate was 69.33%, and 2.23% of cases were identified by death certificate only. The crude cancer incidence rate in all areas was 299.12/100,000 (330.16/100,000 in male and 267.56/100,000 in female) and the age‐standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population (ASIRC) and world standard population (ASIRW) were 148.75/100,000 and 194.99/100,000, respectively. The cumulative incidence rate (0-74 years old) was of 22.27%. The crude incidence rate in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas. However, after adjusted by age, the incidence rate in urban was lower than that in rural. The crude cancer mortality was 184.67/100,000 (228.14/100,000 in male and 140.48/100,000 in female), and the age‐standardized mortality rates by Chinese standard population (ASMRC) and by world population were 84.36/100,000 and 114.32/100,000, respectively. The cumulative mortality rate (0-74 years old) was of 12.89%. Age‐adjusted mortality rates in urban areas were lower than that in rural areas. The most common cancer sites were lung, stomach, colon‐rectum, liver, esophagus, pancreas, brain, lymphoma, breast and cervix which accounted for 75% of all cancer incidence. Lung cancer was the leading cause of cancer death, followed by gastric cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer and pancreas cancer, which accounted for 80% of all cancer deaths. The cancer spectrum varied by areas and sex in rural areas, cancers from digestive system were more common, such as esophageal cancer, gastric cancer and liver cancer, while incidence rates of lung cancer and colorectal cancer were much higher in urban areas. In addition, breast cancer was the most common cancer in urban women followed by liver cancer, gastric cancer and colorectal cancer. Conclusion: Lung cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer and female breast cancer contributed to the increased incidence of cancer, which should be paid more attention to in further national cancer prevention and control program. Different cancer control strategies should be carried out due to the varied cancer spectrum in different groups.展开更多
Carbon materials are considered to be one of the most promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),but the well-ordered graphitic structure limits the intercalation of sodium ions.Besides,the sluggish inte...Carbon materials are considered to be one of the most promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),but the well-ordered graphitic structure limits the intercalation of sodium ions.Besides,the sluggish intercalation kinetics of sodium ions impedes the rate performance.Thus,the precise structure control of carbon materials is important to improve the battery performance.Herein,a 3D porous hard-soft composite carbon(3DHSC)was prepared using the NaCl as the template and phenolic resin and pitch as carbon precursors.The NaCl template restrains the growth of the graphite crystallite during the carbonization process,resulting in small graphitic domains with expanded interlayer spacing which is favorable for the sodium storage.Moreover,the Na Cl templates help to create abundant mesopores and macropores for fast sodium ion diffusion.The porous structure and the graphite crystalline structure can be precisely controlled by simply adjusting the mass ratio of Na Cl,and thus,the suitable structure can be prepared to reach high capacity and rate performance while keeping a relatively high Coulombic efficiency.Typically,a high reversible capacity(215 mA h g^(-1)at 0.05 A g^(-1)),an excellent rate capability(97 mA h g^(-1)at 5 A g^(-1)),and a high initial Coulombic efficiency(60%)are achieved.展开更多
Autophagy is a major cellular pathway used to degrade long-lived proteins or organelles that may be damaged due to increased reactive oxygen species(ROS) generated by cellular stress. Autophagy typically enhances ce...Autophagy is a major cellular pathway used to degrade long-lived proteins or organelles that may be damaged due to increased reactive oxygen species(ROS) generated by cellular stress. Autophagy typically enhances cell survival, but it may also act to promote cell death under certain conditions. The mechanism underlying this paradox, however, remains unclear. We showed that Tetrahymena cells exerted increased membranebound vacuoles characteristic of autophagy followed by autophagic cell death(referred to as cell death with autophagy) after exposure to hydrogen peroxide. Inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine or 3-methyladenine significantly augmented autophagic cell death induced by hydrogen peroxide. Blockage of the mitochondrial electron transport chain or starvation triggered activation of autophagy followed by cell death by inducing the production of ROS due to the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. This indicated a regulatory role of mitochondrial ROS in programming autophagy and autophagic cell death in Tetrahymena. Importantly, suppression of autophagy enhanced autophagic cell death in Tetrahymena in response to elevated ROS production from starvation, and this was reversed by antioxidants. Therefore, our results suggest that autophagy was activated upon oxidative stress to prevent the initiation of autophagic cell death in Tetrahymena until the accumulation of ROS passed the point of no return, leading to delayed cell death in Tetrahymena.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the diagnostic capability of breathhold diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI) for differentiation between malignant and benign hepatic lesions.METHODS:A total of 614 malignant liver lesions(132 hepatocell...AIM:To investigate the diagnostic capability of breathhold diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI) for differentiation between malignant and benign hepatic lesions.METHODS:A total of 614 malignant liver lesions(132 hepatocellular carcinomas,468 metastases and 14 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas) and 291 benign liver lesions(102 hemangiomas,158 cysts,24 focal nodular hyperplasia,1 angiomyolipoma and 6 hepatic adenomas) were included from seven studies(eight sets of data).RESULTS:The pooled sensitivity and specificity of breath-hold DWI were 0.93 [95% confidence interval(CI):0.91-0.95] and 0.87(95%CI:0.83-0.91),respectively.The positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio were 7.28(95%CI:4.51-11.76) and 0.09(95%CI:0.05-0.17),respectively.The P value for χ2 heterogeneity for all pooled estimates was < 0.05.From the fitted summary receiver operating characteristic curve,the area under the curve and Q * index were 0.96 and 0.91,respectively.Publication bias was not present(t = 0.49,P = 0.64).The meta-regression analysis indicated that evaluated covariates including magnetic resonance imaging modality,echo time,mean age,maximum b factor,and number of b factors were not sources of heterogeneity(all P > 0.05).CONCLUSION:Breath-hold DWI is useful for differentiating between malignant and benign hepatic lesions.The diffusion characteristics of benign lesions that mimic malignant ones have rarely been investigated.展开更多
背景与目的目前,关于我国口咽癌(oropharyngeal cancer,OPC)的发病率、死亡率和时间格局的相关数据较少。我们根据135个国内居民肿瘤登记处的数据估算了中国2008–2012年OPC的发病率、死亡率和时间格局,更清楚地了解了中国OPC的流行病...背景与目的目前,关于我国口咽癌(oropharyngeal cancer,OPC)的发病率、死亡率和时间格局的相关数据较少。我们根据135个国内居民肿瘤登记处的数据估算了中国2008–2012年OPC的发病率、死亡率和时间格局,更清楚地了解了中国OPC的流行病学特点,为OPC的预防和控制提供更精确的信息。方法根据2008–2012年135个肿瘤登记处的OPC诊断数据,我们按照年龄、性别和地区,以2000年中国标准人口为标准估算了中国年龄标准化发病率和死亡率(age-standardized rate of incidence by Chinese standard population,ASRIC和age-standardized rate of mortality by Chinese standard population,ASRMC),以1985年Segi's世界标准人口为标准估算了世界年龄标准化发病率和死亡率(age-standardized rate of incidence byworld standard population,ASRIW和age-standardized rate of mortality by world standard population,ASRMW)。采用Joinpoint软件计算OPC发病率和死亡率的年百分比变化。结果 ASRIW和ASRMW分别为2.22/100,000人–年和0.94/100,000人–年。城市地区的发病率和死亡率高于农村地区。男性的ASRIC和ASRIW高于女性。OPC的总ASRIC从2003年到2006年每年显著提高6.2%(P=0.038),但在2007年到2012年间保持稳定(P=0.392)。在近10年,男性和农村地区的ASRIC和ASRMC显著提高(P <0.05),但同一时期女性的相关比例数据仍保持稳定(P> 0.05)。结论近10年,在中国多个肿瘤登记处OPC的发病率和死亡率显著增加,尤其是男性和农村地区,但女性的相关比例数据仍保持稳定。应倡导健康的生活方式,并加强OPC早期诊断和早期治疗措施。展开更多
AIM: To investigate the normal hepatic magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings choline/lipid2 (Cho/Lip2) associated with age and body mass index (BMI).METHODS: A total of 58 single-voxel proton spectra of the liver w...AIM: To investigate the normal hepatic magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings choline/lipid2 (Cho/Lip2) associated with age and body mass index (BMI).METHODS: A total of 58 single-voxel proton spectra of the liver were acquired at 3.0 T using the eightchannel phased array abdominal coil as the receiver coil. Consecutive stacks of breath-hold spectra were acquired using the point resolved spectroscopy technique at a short echo time of 30 ms and a repetition time of 1500 ms. The spectra were processed with the SAGE software package. Areas and heights for metabolite resonance were obtained. Student's t test for unpaired data was used for comparisons of shimming, Cho/Lip2, and lipid content. RESULTS: There were significant negative correlations between the Cho/Lip2 peak height ratios and BMI (r=-0.615) and age (r=-0.398) (all P<0.01). Compared with the high-BMI group, the low-BMI group was younger (39.1±13.0 years vs 47.6±8.5 years, t=-2.954,P=0.005); had better water suppression (93.4%±1.4% vs 85.6%±11.6%, t=2.741, P=0.014); had higher Cho/Lip2 peak heights ratio (0.2±0.14 vs 0.05±0.04,t=6.033,P<0.000); and had lower lipid content (0.03±0.08 vs 0.29±0.31, t=-3.309, P=0.004). Compared with the older group, the younger group had better shimming effects (17.1±3.6 Hz vs 22.0±6.8 Hz, t=-2.919, P=0.008); higher Cho/Lip2 peak heights ratios (0.03±0.05vs 0.09±0.12,t=2.4, P=0.020); and lower lipid content (0.05±0.11 vs 0.23±0.32,t=-2.337,P=0.031). Compared with the lowcholine peak group, the high-choline peak group had lower lipid content (0.005±0.002 vs 0.13±0.23, t=-3.796,P<0.000); lower BMI (19.6±2.4vs 23.9±3.0, t=-4.410, P<0.000); and younger age (34.7±10.0 years vs 43.2±12.5 years, t=-2.088, P=0.041). CONCLUSION: Lipid accumulation could result from the increased fat in the body depending on age and BMI. Lipid can mask the resonance signal of choline.展开更多
Objective:To study the correlation of Doppler ultrasound parameters with angiogenesis and cancer cell growth in endometrial cancer.Methods: Patients with endometrial cancer and fibroids who accepted surgical resection...Objective:To study the correlation of Doppler ultrasound parameters with angiogenesis and cancer cell growth in endometrial cancer.Methods: Patients with endometrial cancer and fibroids who accepted surgical resection in the Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture between March 2015 and June 2017 were selected as the research subjects and enrolled in the observation group and control group of the study respectively. The preoperative pelvic Doppler ultrasonography was done to determine the blood flow parameters resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) of the endometrial lesions;after surgical resection, the endometrial cancer lesion tissue was collected from the observation group and normal endometrial tissue was collected from the control group to determine the contents of pro-proliferation molecules, pro-invasion molecules and angiogenesis molecules.Results: PI and RI levels in endometrial cancer lesion of observation group were significantly lower than those of control group, and cIAP1, cIAP2, RLIP76, p-Pak4ser474, EFEMP2, CXCR4, CXCR7, Snail, Septin-9,β-arrestin2 and SOX2 protein levels in endometrial cancer lesion were significantly higher than those of control group;PI and RI levels in endometrial cancer lesion were negatively correlated with cIAP1, cIAP2, RLIP76, p-Pak4ser474, EFEMP2, CXCR4, CXCR7, Snail, Septin-9,β-arrestin2 and SOX2 protein levels.Conclusion: The Doppler ultrasound parameters of endometrial carcinoma lesion are closely related to the angiogenesis and cancer cell growth in the lesion.展开更多
Objective: To measure the contrast-enhanced ultrasound parameters of endometrial benign and malignant lesions and investigate their correlation with malignant molecule expression. Methods: A total of 118 patients who ...Objective: To measure the contrast-enhanced ultrasound parameters of endometrial benign and malignant lesions and investigate their correlation with malignant molecule expression. Methods: A total of 118 patients who were examined and diagnosed with endometrial benign hyperplasia in the hospital between December 2012 and January 2017 were collected as endometrial hyperplasia group, and 67 patients with endometrial carcinoma were collected as endometrial cancer group. The differences in the levels of uterine contrast-enhanced ultrasound parameters as well as the expression of proliferation, apoptosis and invasion genes in endometrial lesion tissue were compared between the two groups. Pearson test was used to evaluate the correlation between uterine contrast-enhanced ultrasound parameters and malignant molecule expression in the lesions. Results: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound parameter TTP level of endometrial cancer group was lower than that of endometrial hyperplasia group whereas PI level was higher than that of endometrial hyperplasia group. Proliferation gene EFEMP2 mRNA expression in lesion tissue of endometrial cancer group was lower than that of endometrial hyperplasia group whereas RRM2 and DJ-1 mRNA expression were higher than those of endometrial hyperplasia group;apoptosis genes P53, c-myc and Livin mRNA expression were higher than those of endometrial hyperplasia group whereas Caspase-3 and Bid mRNA expression were lower than those of endometrial hyperplasia group;invasion gene DKK1 mRNA expression was lower than that of endometrial hyperplasia group whereas HMGB1, EZH2 and Snail mRNA expression were higher than those of endometrial hyperplasia group. Pearson test showed that the contrast-enhanced ultrasound parameter levels of endometrial cancer were directly correlated with the malignant molecule expression in the lesion tissues. Conclusion: contrast-enhanced ultrasound parameter levels can be used to identify endometrial benign and malignant lesions and are directly correlated with the severity of the lesion.展开更多
Immunotherapy has rejuvenated cancer therapy,especially after anti-PD-(L)1 came onto the scene.Among the many therapeutic options,therapeutic cancer vaccines are one of the most essential players.Although great progre...Immunotherapy has rejuvenated cancer therapy,especially after anti-PD-(L)1 came onto the scene.Among the many therapeutic options,therapeutic cancer vaccines are one of the most essential players.Although great progress has been made in research on tumor antigen vaccines,few phase III trials have shown clinical benefits.One of the reasons lies in obstruction from the tumor microenvironment(TME).Meanwhile,the therapeutic cancer vaccine reshapes the TME in an ambivalent way,leading to immune stimulation or immune escape.In this review,we summarize recent progress on the interaction between therapeutic cancer vaccines and the TME.With respect to vaccine resistance,innate immunosuppressive TME components and acquired resistance caused by vaccination are both involved.Understanding the underlying mechanism of this crosstalk provides insight into the treatment of cancer by directly targeting the TME or synergizing with other therapeutics.展开更多
文摘To estimate the cancer incidences and mortalities in China in 2010, the National Central Cancer Registry(NCCR) of China evaluated data for the year of 2010 from 145 qualified cancer registries covering 158,403,248 people(92,433,739 in urban areas and 65,969,509 in rural areas). The estimates of new cancer cases and cancer deaths were 3,093,039 and 1,956,622 in 2010, respectively. The percentage of morphologically verified cases were 67.11%; 2.99% of incident cases were identified through death certification only, with the mortality to incidence ratio of 0.61. The crude incidence was 235.23/100,000(268.65/100,000 in males and 200.21/100,000 in females). The age-standardized rates by Chinese standard population(ASR China) and by world standard population(ASR world) were 184.58/100,000 and 181.49/100,000, respectively, with a cumulative incidence(0-74 years old) of 21.11%. The crude cancer mortality was 148.81/100,000(186.37/100,000 in males and 109.42/100,000 in females). The ASR China and ASR world were 113.92/100,000 and 112.86/100,000, respectively, with a cumulative mortality of 12.78%. Lung, breast, gastric, liver, esophageal, colorectal, and cervical cancers were the most common cancers. Lung, liver, gastric, esophageal, colorectal, breast, and pancreatic cancers were the leading causes of cancer deaths. The coverage of cancer registration has rapidly increased in China in recent years and may reflect more accurate cancer burdens among populations living in different areas. Given the increasing cancer burden in the past decades, China should strengthen its cancer prevention and control.
基金supported by the Chinese National Twelveth Five-year Program for Science and Technology Development (No. 2012ZX10002010)
文摘Liver cancer is a common malignant tumor in China and a major health concern. We aimed to estimate the liver cancer incidence and mortality in China in 2010 using liver cancer data from some Chinese cancer registries and provide reference for liver cancer prevention and treatment. We collected and evaluated the incidence and mortality data of liver cancer in 2010 from 145 cancer registries, which were included in the 2013 Chinese Cancer Registry Annual Report, calculated crude, standardized, and truncated incidences and mortalities, and estimated new liver cancer cases and deaths from liver cancer throughout China and in different regions in 2010 from Chinese practical population. The estimates of new liver cancer cases and deaths were 358,840 and 312,432, respectively, in China in 2010. The crude incidence, age-standardized rate by Chinese standard population(ASR China), and age-standardized rate by world standard population(ASR world) were 27.29/100,000, 21.35/100,000, and 20.87/100,000, respectively; the crude, ASR China, and ASR world mortalities were 23.76/100,000, 18.43/100,000, and 18.04/100,000, respectively. The incidence and mortality were the highest in western regions, higher in rural areas than in urban areas, and higher in males than in females. The age-specific incidence and mortality of liver cancer showed a rapid increase from age 30 and peaked at age 80-84 or 85+. Our results indicated that the 2010 incidence and mortality of liver cancer in China, especially in undeveloped rural areas and western regions, were among high levels worldwide. The strategy for liver cancer prevention and treatment should be strengthened.
文摘Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) is common in South China. Although regional epidemiological data on NPC in China is available, national epidemiological data have been unavailable up to now. The goal of this study was to analyze the NPC incidence and mortality data in some domestic cancer registries, estimate these rates in China in 2010, and provide scientific information that can be harnessed for NPC control and prevention. To accomplish this goal, NPC incidence and mortality data for 2010 were collected from 145 Chinese cancer registries from which data were included in the 2013 National Cancer Registry Annual Report. Such indices as its incident and death numbers, crude rates, age-standardized rates and truncated rates were calculated and analyzed. The incidence and mortality in China and constituent areas were estimated according to the national population in 2010. An estimated 41,503 new cases and 20,058 deaths were attributed to NPC in China in 2010, accounting for 1.34% of all new cancer cases and 1.03% of all cancer-related deaths that year in China. Crude incidence and mortality were 3.16/100,000 and 1.53/100,000, respectively. World age-standardized incidence and mortality were 2.44/100,000 and 1.18/100,000, respectively. Incidence and mortality were higher among males than among females and slightly higher in urban areas than in rural areas. Among seven Chinese administrative regions, NPC incidence and mortality were obviously higher in South China than in other regions and lowest in North China. The male and female age-specific incidence and mortality both rose quickly from age 25-29 years, but peaked at different ages and varied by location. These results demonstrated that NPC incidence and mortality in China especially in South China were at high levels in the world, and suggested that control and prevention efforts should be enhanced.
文摘Background: We estimated the incidence and mortality of nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) in China in 2010 according to the data of 145 domestic population-based cancer registries in 2014, and no such reports since then.Hence, to further and better understand its epidemiology in China and to provide more precise scientific information for its control and prevention in China, we analyzed the NPC incidence and mortality of 255 domestic populationbased cancer registries, and estimated the national rates in 2013 again.Methods: NPC incidence and mortality data of 255 domestic cancer registries in 2013, accepted by the 2016 National Cancer Registry Annual Report, were collected and collated, and the indices of NPC such as the numbers of new cases and deaths, crude rates, age-standardized rates, and truncated rates of incidence and mortality were calculated and analyzed. The incidence and mortality in China and its constituent areas were estimated according to the national population in 2013.Results: An estimated 42,100 new cases and 21,320 deaths were attributed to NPC in China in 2013, accounting for1.14% of all new cancer cases and 0.96% of all cancer-related deaths that year in China. Crude incidence and mortality of NPC were 3.09/100,000 and 1.57/100,000, respectively. World age-standardized incidence and mortality were2.17/100,000 and 1.08/100,000, respectively. The incidence and mortality of males were obviously higher than those of females and slightly higher in urban areas than in rural areas. Among seven Chinese administrative regions, NPC incidence and mortality were obviously higher in South China than in other regions and lowest in North China. Top3 incidence and mortality provinces and registering areas all located in South China. The age-specific incidence and mortality rose quickly from age 25-29 and 35 to 39 years, respectively, peaked at different ages and varied by location.Conclusions: These results demonstrated that NPC incidence and mortality in China in 2013 were also at high levels worldwide, which suggested that its control and prevention should be enhanced.
文摘Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is rare globally but common in China and exhibits a distinct ethnic and geographic distribution. In 2009, the National Central Cancer Registry in China provided real-time surveillance information on NPC. Individual NPC cases were retrieved from the national database based on the ICD-10 topography code C11. The crude incidence and mortality of NPC were calculated by sex and location (urban/rural). China's population in 1982 and Segi's world population structures were used to determine age-standardized rates. In regions covered by the cancer registries in 2009, the crude incidence of NPC was 3.61/100,000 (5.08/100,000 in males and 2.10/100,000 in females; 4.19/100,000 in urban areas and 2.42/100,000 in rural areas). Age-standardized incidences by Chinese population (ASIC) and Segi's world population (ASIW) were 2.05/100,000 and 2.54/100,000, respectively. The crude mortality of NPC was 1.99/100,000 (2.82/100,000 in males and 1.14/100,000 in females; 2.30/100,000 in urban areas and 1.37/100,000 in rural areas). The age-standardized mortalities by Chinese population (ASMC) and world population (ASMW) were 1.04/100,000 and 1.35/100,000, respectively. The incidence and mortality of NPC were higher in males than in females and higher in urban areas than in rural areas. Both agespecific incidence and mortality were relatively low in persons younger than 30 years old, but these rates dramatically increased. Incidence peaked in the 60-64 age group and mortality peaked in the over 85 age group. Primary and secondary prevention, such as lifestyle changes and early detection, should be carried out in males and females older than 30 years of age.
基金supported by the Eleventh Five Years Grant from the Ministry of Civil Affairs of China (No. 2008-47-2-10)
文摘Objective:In many countries,the cervical cancer prevalence has declined but less information about the changes is available in China.This study aims to understand the epidemiological characteristics and trend of cervical cancer in China.Methods:Cervical cancer data of 11 cancer registries during 1988-2002 in China were analyzed.The age and urban/rural differences and trend of cervical cancer incidence and mortality were described and discussed.Results:During 1988-2002,a total of 6007 incidence cases and 3749 mortality cases of cervical cancer were reported in the 11 cancer registries.The incidence crude rate of cervical cancer was 3.80/100,000 and the world age adjusted rate was 2.78/100,000.In the same period,the mortality crude rate was 2.37/100,000 and the world age adjusted rate was 1.66/100,000.Declined incidence and mortality trends were observed during this period in urban as well as in rural areas.When calculating the rates by age group,we found that the declining trends were only for older women and increasing trends for younger women,especially for women in the rural areas.Conclusion:The incidence and mortality rates declined during the period of 1988-2002 in China for older women.The younger women showed an increasing trend during the same period,especially for women in rural area.
文摘Objective: Cancer incidence and mortality data collected from population-based cancer registries were analyzed to present the overall cancer statistics in Chinese registration areas by age, sex and geographic area in 2007. Methods: In 2010, 48 cancer registries reported cancer incidence and mortality data of 2007 to National Central Cancer Registry of China. Of them, 38 registries' data met the national criteria. Incidence and mortality were calculated by cancer sites, age, gender, and area. Age-standardized rates were described by China and World population. Results: The crude incidence rate for all cancers was 276.16/100,000 (305.22/100,000 for male and 246.46/100,000 for female; 284.71/100,000 in urban and 251.07/100,000 in rural). Age-standardized incidence rates by China and World population were 145.39/100,000 and 189.46/100,000 respectively. The crude mortality rate for all cancers was 177.09/100,000 (219.15/100,000 for male and 134.10/100,000 for female; 173.55/100,000 in urban and 187.49/100,000 in rural). Age-standardized mortality rates by China and World population were 86.06/100,000 and 116.46/100,000, respectively. The top 10 most frequently common cancer sites were the lung, stomach, colon and rectum, liver, breast, esophagus, pancreas, bladder, brain and lymphoma, accounting for 76.12% of the total cancer cases. The top 10 causes of cancer death were cancers of the lung, liver, stomach, esophagus, colon and rectum, pancreas, breast, leukemia, brain and lymphoma, accounting for 84.37% of the total cancer deaths. Conclusion: Cancer remains a major disease threatening people's health in China. Prevention and control should be enhanced, especially for the main cancers.
文摘Background: Liver cancer is a common cancer with poor prognosis in China. In this study, the national population?based cancer registration data were used to evaluate and analyze liver cancer incidence and mortality in China in 2011 and provide a reference for liver cancer prevention and control.Methods: We collected and evaluated the incidence and mortality data of liver cancer in 2011 from 177 cancer registries with qualiied data. These data were used in the inal analysis including calculating crude, standardized, and truncated incidences and mortalities, and estimated new liver cancer cases and deaths using age?speciic rates and the corresponding populations. The national census in 2000 and Segi's population were used for age?standardized rates.Results: The estimates of new liver cancer cases and deaths were 355,595 and 322,416, respectively, in China in 2011. The crude incidence, age?standardized rate of incidence by Chinese standard population(ASRIC), and age?stand?ardized rate of incidence by world standard population(ASRIW) of liver cancer were 26.39/100,000, 19.48/100,000, and 19.10/100,000, respectively; the crude mortality, age?standardized rate of mortality by Chinese standard popula?tion(ASRMC), and age?standardized rate of mortality by world standard population(ASRMW) of liver cancer were 23.93/100,000,17.48/100,000, and 17.17/100,000, respectively. The incidence and mortality were higher in rural areas than in urban areas and higher in males than in females. The age?speciic incidence and mortality of liver cancer increased greatly with age, particularly after 30 years and peaked at 80–84 or 85+ years.Conclusions: Liver cancer is a common cancer in China, particularly for males and residents in rural areas. Targeted prevention, early detection, and treatment programs should be carried out.
文摘Liver cancer is a common cancer and a leading cause of cancer deaths in China. To aid the government in establishing a control plan for this disease, we provided real-time surveillance information by analyzing liver cancer incidence and mortality in China in 2009 reported by the National Central Cancer Registry. Liver cancer incidence and cases of death were retrieved from the national database using the ICD-10 topography code "C22". Crude incidence and mortality were calculated and stratified by sex, age, and location (urban/rural). China's population in 1982 and Segi (world) population structures were used for age-standardized rates. In cancer registration areas in 2009, the crude incidence of liver cancer was 28.71/100,000, making it the fourth most common cancer in China, third most common in males, and fifth most common in females. The crude mortality of liver cancer was 26.04/100,000, making it the second leading cause of cancer death in China and urban areas and the third leading cause in rural areas. Incidence and mortality were higher in males than in females and were higher in rural areas than in urban areas. The age-specific incidence and mortality were relatively low among age groups under 30 years but dramatically increased and peaked in the 80 -84 years old group. These findings confirm that liver cancer is a common and fatal cancer in China. Primary and secondary prevention such as health education, hepatitis B virus vaccination, and early detection should be carried out both in males and females, in urban and rural areas.
文摘Objective: Annual cancer incidence and mortality in 2008 were provided by National Central Cancer Registry in China, which data were collected from population‐based cancer registries in 2011. Methods: There were 56 registries submitted their data in 2008. After checking and evaluating the data quality, total 41 registries' data were accepted and pooled for analysis. Incidence and mortality rates by area (urban or rural areas) were assessed, as well as the age‐ and sex‐specific rates, age‐standardized rates, proportions and cumulative rate. Results: The coverage population of the 41 registries was 66,138,784 with 52,158,495 in urban areas and 13,980,289 in rural areas. There were 197,833 new cancer cases and 122,136 deaths in cancer with mortality to incidence ratio of 0.62. The morphological verified rate was 69.33%, and 2.23% of cases were identified by death certificate only. The crude cancer incidence rate in all areas was 299.12/100,000 (330.16/100,000 in male and 267.56/100,000 in female) and the age‐standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population (ASIRC) and world standard population (ASIRW) were 148.75/100,000 and 194.99/100,000, respectively. The cumulative incidence rate (0-74 years old) was of 22.27%. The crude incidence rate in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas. However, after adjusted by age, the incidence rate in urban was lower than that in rural. The crude cancer mortality was 184.67/100,000 (228.14/100,000 in male and 140.48/100,000 in female), and the age‐standardized mortality rates by Chinese standard population (ASMRC) and by world population were 84.36/100,000 and 114.32/100,000, respectively. The cumulative mortality rate (0-74 years old) was of 12.89%. Age‐adjusted mortality rates in urban areas were lower than that in rural areas. The most common cancer sites were lung, stomach, colon‐rectum, liver, esophagus, pancreas, brain, lymphoma, breast and cervix which accounted for 75% of all cancer incidence. Lung cancer was the leading cause of cancer death, followed by gastric cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer and pancreas cancer, which accounted for 80% of all cancer deaths. The cancer spectrum varied by areas and sex in rural areas, cancers from digestive system were more common, such as esophageal cancer, gastric cancer and liver cancer, while incidence rates of lung cancer and colorectal cancer were much higher in urban areas. In addition, breast cancer was the most common cancer in urban women followed by liver cancer, gastric cancer and colorectal cancer. Conclusion: Lung cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer and female breast cancer contributed to the increased incidence of cancer, which should be paid more attention to in further national cancer prevention and control program. Different cancer control strategies should be carried out due to the varied cancer spectrum in different groups.
基金supported by the Guangdong Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar (2017B030306006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51772164, U1601206 and U1710256)+2 种基金the National Key Basic Research Program of China (2014CB932400)the Shenzhen Technical Plan Project (Nos. KQJSCX20160226191136, JCYJ20150529164918734 and JCYJ20170412171630020)the Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory (No. SDRC [2016]172)
文摘Carbon materials are considered to be one of the most promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),but the well-ordered graphitic structure limits the intercalation of sodium ions.Besides,the sluggish intercalation kinetics of sodium ions impedes the rate performance.Thus,the precise structure control of carbon materials is important to improve the battery performance.Herein,a 3D porous hard-soft composite carbon(3DHSC)was prepared using the NaCl as the template and phenolic resin and pitch as carbon precursors.The NaCl template restrains the growth of the graphite crystallite during the carbonization process,resulting in small graphitic domains with expanded interlayer spacing which is favorable for the sodium storage.Moreover,the Na Cl templates help to create abundant mesopores and macropores for fast sodium ion diffusion.The porous structure and the graphite crystalline structure can be precisely controlled by simply adjusting the mass ratio of Na Cl,and thus,the suitable structure can be prepared to reach high capacity and rate performance while keeping a relatively high Coulombic efficiency.Typically,a high reversible capacity(215 mA h g^(-1)at 0.05 A g^(-1)),an excellent rate capability(97 mA h g^(-1)at 5 A g^(-1)),and a high initial Coulombic efficiency(60%)are achieved.
文摘Autophagy is a major cellular pathway used to degrade long-lived proteins or organelles that may be damaged due to increased reactive oxygen species(ROS) generated by cellular stress. Autophagy typically enhances cell survival, but it may also act to promote cell death under certain conditions. The mechanism underlying this paradox, however, remains unclear. We showed that Tetrahymena cells exerted increased membranebound vacuoles characteristic of autophagy followed by autophagic cell death(referred to as cell death with autophagy) after exposure to hydrogen peroxide. Inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine or 3-methyladenine significantly augmented autophagic cell death induced by hydrogen peroxide. Blockage of the mitochondrial electron transport chain or starvation triggered activation of autophagy followed by cell death by inducing the production of ROS due to the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. This indicated a regulatory role of mitochondrial ROS in programming autophagy and autophagic cell death in Tetrahymena. Importantly, suppression of autophagy enhanced autophagic cell death in Tetrahymena in response to elevated ROS production from starvation, and this was reversed by antioxidants. Therefore, our results suggest that autophagy was activated upon oxidative stress to prevent the initiation of autophagic cell death in Tetrahymena until the accumulation of ROS passed the point of no return, leading to delayed cell death in Tetrahymena.
基金Supported by Grants from the Science Foundation of Guangdong Province for Doctorate Startup Project,No.S2012040006618the Postdoctoral Fund of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.20120621
文摘AIM:To investigate the diagnostic capability of breathhold diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI) for differentiation between malignant and benign hepatic lesions.METHODS:A total of 614 malignant liver lesions(132 hepatocellular carcinomas,468 metastases and 14 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas) and 291 benign liver lesions(102 hemangiomas,158 cysts,24 focal nodular hyperplasia,1 angiomyolipoma and 6 hepatic adenomas) were included from seven studies(eight sets of data).RESULTS:The pooled sensitivity and specificity of breath-hold DWI were 0.93 [95% confidence interval(CI):0.91-0.95] and 0.87(95%CI:0.83-0.91),respectively.The positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio were 7.28(95%CI:4.51-11.76) and 0.09(95%CI:0.05-0.17),respectively.The P value for χ2 heterogeneity for all pooled estimates was < 0.05.From the fitted summary receiver operating characteristic curve,the area under the curve and Q * index were 0.96 and 0.91,respectively.Publication bias was not present(t = 0.49,P = 0.64).The meta-regression analysis indicated that evaluated covariates including magnetic resonance imaging modality,echo time,mean age,maximum b factor,and number of b factors were not sources of heterogeneity(all P > 0.05).CONCLUSION:Breath-hold DWI is useful for differentiating between malignant and benign hepatic lesions.The diffusion characteristics of benign lesions that mimic malignant ones have rarely been investigated.
文摘背景与目的目前,关于我国口咽癌(oropharyngeal cancer,OPC)的发病率、死亡率和时间格局的相关数据较少。我们根据135个国内居民肿瘤登记处的数据估算了中国2008–2012年OPC的发病率、死亡率和时间格局,更清楚地了解了中国OPC的流行病学特点,为OPC的预防和控制提供更精确的信息。方法根据2008–2012年135个肿瘤登记处的OPC诊断数据,我们按照年龄、性别和地区,以2000年中国标准人口为标准估算了中国年龄标准化发病率和死亡率(age-standardized rate of incidence by Chinese standard population,ASRIC和age-standardized rate of mortality by Chinese standard population,ASRMC),以1985年Segi's世界标准人口为标准估算了世界年龄标准化发病率和死亡率(age-standardized rate of incidence byworld standard population,ASRIW和age-standardized rate of mortality by world standard population,ASRMW)。采用Joinpoint软件计算OPC发病率和死亡率的年百分比变化。结果 ASRIW和ASRMW分别为2.22/100,000人–年和0.94/100,000人–年。城市地区的发病率和死亡率高于农村地区。男性的ASRIC和ASRIW高于女性。OPC的总ASRIC从2003年到2006年每年显著提高6.2%(P=0.038),但在2007年到2012年间保持稳定(P=0.392)。在近10年,男性和农村地区的ASRIC和ASRMC显著提高(P <0.05),但同一时期女性的相关比例数据仍保持稳定(P> 0.05)。结论近10年,在中国多个肿瘤登记处OPC的发病率和死亡率显著增加,尤其是男性和农村地区,但女性的相关比例数据仍保持稳定。应倡导健康的生活方式,并加强OPC早期诊断和早期治疗措施。
基金Supported by The Science Foundation of Guangdong Province for Dr. Startup Project, No. S2012040006618Postdoctoral Fund of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No. 20120621+2 种基金Traditional Chinese Medicine and Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Research Project of Guangzhou, No. 20122A011032The National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30700184, 61172034, 81271654,81271569 and 81171329Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China, No. 2008B080703041,2010B080701025 and 2011B031700014
文摘AIM: To investigate the normal hepatic magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings choline/lipid2 (Cho/Lip2) associated with age and body mass index (BMI).METHODS: A total of 58 single-voxel proton spectra of the liver were acquired at 3.0 T using the eightchannel phased array abdominal coil as the receiver coil. Consecutive stacks of breath-hold spectra were acquired using the point resolved spectroscopy technique at a short echo time of 30 ms and a repetition time of 1500 ms. The spectra were processed with the SAGE software package. Areas and heights for metabolite resonance were obtained. Student's t test for unpaired data was used for comparisons of shimming, Cho/Lip2, and lipid content. RESULTS: There were significant negative correlations between the Cho/Lip2 peak height ratios and BMI (r=-0.615) and age (r=-0.398) (all P<0.01). Compared with the high-BMI group, the low-BMI group was younger (39.1±13.0 years vs 47.6±8.5 years, t=-2.954,P=0.005); had better water suppression (93.4%±1.4% vs 85.6%±11.6%, t=2.741, P=0.014); had higher Cho/Lip2 peak heights ratio (0.2±0.14 vs 0.05±0.04,t=6.033,P<0.000); and had lower lipid content (0.03±0.08 vs 0.29±0.31, t=-3.309, P=0.004). Compared with the older group, the younger group had better shimming effects (17.1±3.6 Hz vs 22.0±6.8 Hz, t=-2.919, P=0.008); higher Cho/Lip2 peak heights ratios (0.03±0.05vs 0.09±0.12,t=2.4, P=0.020); and lower lipid content (0.05±0.11 vs 0.23±0.32,t=-2.337,P=0.031). Compared with the lowcholine peak group, the high-choline peak group had lower lipid content (0.005±0.002 vs 0.13±0.23, t=-3.796,P<0.000); lower BMI (19.6±2.4vs 23.9±3.0, t=-4.410, P<0.000); and younger age (34.7±10.0 years vs 43.2±12.5 years, t=-2.088, P=0.041). CONCLUSION: Lipid accumulation could result from the increased fat in the body depending on age and BMI. Lipid can mask the resonance signal of choline.
文摘Objective:To study the correlation of Doppler ultrasound parameters with angiogenesis and cancer cell growth in endometrial cancer.Methods: Patients with endometrial cancer and fibroids who accepted surgical resection in the Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture between March 2015 and June 2017 were selected as the research subjects and enrolled in the observation group and control group of the study respectively. The preoperative pelvic Doppler ultrasonography was done to determine the blood flow parameters resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) of the endometrial lesions;after surgical resection, the endometrial cancer lesion tissue was collected from the observation group and normal endometrial tissue was collected from the control group to determine the contents of pro-proliferation molecules, pro-invasion molecules and angiogenesis molecules.Results: PI and RI levels in endometrial cancer lesion of observation group were significantly lower than those of control group, and cIAP1, cIAP2, RLIP76, p-Pak4ser474, EFEMP2, CXCR4, CXCR7, Snail, Septin-9,β-arrestin2 and SOX2 protein levels in endometrial cancer lesion were significantly higher than those of control group;PI and RI levels in endometrial cancer lesion were negatively correlated with cIAP1, cIAP2, RLIP76, p-Pak4ser474, EFEMP2, CXCR4, CXCR7, Snail, Septin-9,β-arrestin2 and SOX2 protein levels.Conclusion: The Doppler ultrasound parameters of endometrial carcinoma lesion are closely related to the angiogenesis and cancer cell growth in the lesion.
文摘Objective: To measure the contrast-enhanced ultrasound parameters of endometrial benign and malignant lesions and investigate their correlation with malignant molecule expression. Methods: A total of 118 patients who were examined and diagnosed with endometrial benign hyperplasia in the hospital between December 2012 and January 2017 were collected as endometrial hyperplasia group, and 67 patients with endometrial carcinoma were collected as endometrial cancer group. The differences in the levels of uterine contrast-enhanced ultrasound parameters as well as the expression of proliferation, apoptosis and invasion genes in endometrial lesion tissue were compared between the two groups. Pearson test was used to evaluate the correlation between uterine contrast-enhanced ultrasound parameters and malignant molecule expression in the lesions. Results: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound parameter TTP level of endometrial cancer group was lower than that of endometrial hyperplasia group whereas PI level was higher than that of endometrial hyperplasia group. Proliferation gene EFEMP2 mRNA expression in lesion tissue of endometrial cancer group was lower than that of endometrial hyperplasia group whereas RRM2 and DJ-1 mRNA expression were higher than those of endometrial hyperplasia group;apoptosis genes P53, c-myc and Livin mRNA expression were higher than those of endometrial hyperplasia group whereas Caspase-3 and Bid mRNA expression were lower than those of endometrial hyperplasia group;invasion gene DKK1 mRNA expression was lower than that of endometrial hyperplasia group whereas HMGB1, EZH2 and Snail mRNA expression were higher than those of endometrial hyperplasia group. Pearson test showed that the contrast-enhanced ultrasound parameter levels of endometrial cancer were directly correlated with the malignant molecule expression in the lesion tissues. Conclusion: contrast-enhanced ultrasound parameter levels can be used to identify endometrial benign and malignant lesions and are directly correlated with the severity of the lesion.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81922048 and 81874112).
文摘Immunotherapy has rejuvenated cancer therapy,especially after anti-PD-(L)1 came onto the scene.Among the many therapeutic options,therapeutic cancer vaccines are one of the most essential players.Although great progress has been made in research on tumor antigen vaccines,few phase III trials have shown clinical benefits.One of the reasons lies in obstruction from the tumor microenvironment(TME).Meanwhile,the therapeutic cancer vaccine reshapes the TME in an ambivalent way,leading to immune stimulation or immune escape.In this review,we summarize recent progress on the interaction between therapeutic cancer vaccines and the TME.With respect to vaccine resistance,innate immunosuppressive TME components and acquired resistance caused by vaccination are both involved.Understanding the underlying mechanism of this crosstalk provides insight into the treatment of cancer by directly targeting the TME or synergizing with other therapeutics.