The synergistic regulatory effect of PTP1B and PTK inhibitors on the development of Oedaleus decorus asiaticus Bei-Bienko

Tyrosine phosphorylation is crucial for controlling normal cell growth,survival,intercellular communication,gene transcription,immune responses,and other processes.protein tyrosine phosphatase(PTP)and protein tyrosine kinases(PTK)can achieve this goal by regulating multiple signaling pathways.Oedaleus decorus asiaticus is an important pest that infests the Mongolian Plateau grassland.We aimed to evaluate the survival rate,growth rate,overall performance,and ovarian developmental morphology of the 4th instar nymphs of O.decorus asiaticus while inhibiting the activity of protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B(PTP1B)and PTK.In addition,the expression and protein phosphorylation levels of key genes in the MAPK signaling pathway and antioxidant enzyme activity were assessed.The results showed no significant differences in survival rate,growth rate,or overall performance between PTP1B inhibitor treatment and control.However,after PTK inhibitor treatment,these indexes were significantly lower than those in the control.The ovarian size of female larvae after 15 days of treatment with PTK inhibitors showed significantly slower development,while female larvae treated with PTP1B exhibited faster ovarian growth than the control group.In comparison to controls and nymphs treated with PTK inhibitors,the expression and phosphorylation levels of key genes in the MAPK signaling pathway under PTP1B inhibitor treatments were significantly higher in 4th instar nymphs.However,reactiveoxygen(ROS)species levels and the activities of NADPH oxidase and other antioxidant enzymes were considerably reduced,although they were significantly greater in the PTK inhibitor treatment.The results suggest that PTP1B and PTK feedback inhibition in the mitogen-activated-protein kinases(MAPK)signal transfer can regulate the physiological metabolism of the insect as well as its developmental rate.These findings can facilitate future uses of PTP1B and PTK inhibitors in controlling insect development to help control pest populations.

Delayed stress memory by CaAl_(2)O_(4):Eu^(2+) mechanoluminescent phosphor with defect engineering regulation

Real-time stress sensing based on mechanoluminescence materials has been widely studied for structural health monitoring of bridges,buildings,high-pressure vessels,and other infrastructure surfaces.However,this approach is difficult to detect the stress information of closed mechanical structures.Here,we propose a delayed stress memory strategy to record the stress information of closed mechanical structure by the flexible film composed with CaAl_(2)O_(4):Eu^(2+),Sm^(3+)phosphor.After the force is applied,the optical information on the film can be read out by the near-infrared laser after a period of time without real-time monitoring,and the stress distribution information of bearings and gears in the engine can be obtained.Furthermore,the regulation of trap depth from 0.662 to 1.042 eV allows the captured carriers to remain in the traps for a long time without being released as long persistent luminescence,which is beneficial to the delayed stress memory.Therefore,this work promotes the application prospect of mechanoluminescence materials in stress sensing,and provides a new idea to record the stress information of closed mechanical structures.

Correlation between Carotid Plaque Characteristics without Operative Indication and Ischemic Stroke

Objective To access the correlations between characteristics of carotid plaque in MRI and ischemic stroke in patients with≤50%carotid artery stenosis.Methods A total of 43 patients with≤50%carotid artery stenosis were selected for ultrasound from September 2014 to February 2016.A further test using magnetic resonance(MR)black blood imaging examination were carried out to distinguish the anatomy of the vessel as well the composition of the atherosclerotic plaque with remarkable details.The relationship between carotid plaque characteristics in MRI and other risk factors of patients with ischemic stroke was analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis.Results The mean follow-up time was 11.8 months.During the follow-up period,4 of the 43 individuals experienced an ipsilateral ischemic stroke.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed the mean ischemic stroke free survival of patients with coronary heart disease(CHD)was significantly shorter than that in patients without CHD,which were 12.1 months and 18.7 months respectively(P=0.029).The mean ischemic stroke free survival of patients with intra-plaque hemorrhage(IPH)was significantly shorter than that in patients without IPH,which were 14.3 months and 18.6 months respectively(P=0.001).COX regression analysis showed that coronary heart disease(HR=27.4;95%CI,1.6-464.3;P=0.022)and IPH(HR=18.2;95%CI,2.7-123.3;P=0.003)were independent risk factors for ischemic stroke.Conclusion For patients with carotid artery stenosis≤50%,IPH of carotid plaques and CHD are independent risk factors for ischemic stroke.