Ganoderma lucidum:a comprehensive review of phytochemistry,efficacy,safety and clinical study

Ganoderma lucidum,one of the most well-known edible fungi,is believed to be very beneficial for longevity and vitality.A long usage history suggests that G.lucidum has various clinical therapeutic effects.And experimental studies have confirmed that G.lucidum has multiple pharmacological effects,including antitumor,anti-microbial,anti-HIV protease,and antidiabetic activity and so on.With the deepening of research,more than 300 compounds have been isolated from G.lucidum.There is an increasing population of G.lucidum-based products,and its international development is expanding.Currently,G.lucidum has drawn much attention to its chemical composition,therapeutic effect,clinical value,and safety.This paper provides a comprehensive review of these aspects to enhance the global promotion of G.lucidum.

Underlying anti-hypertensive mechanism of the Mizuhopecten yessoensis derived peptide NCW in spontaneously hypertensive rats via widely targeted kidney metabolomics

The angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE)inhibitory peptide NCW derived from Mizuhopecten yessoensis has been demonstrated to have significant in vivo anti-hypertensive effects,however,its anti-hypertensive mechanism is still not fully clarified.This study established a UPLC-Q-TRAP-MS/MS-based widely targeted kidney metabolomics approach to explore the changes of kidney metabolic profiles and to clarify the antihypertensive mechanism of peptide NCW in spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRs).Multivariate statistical analysis indicated that the kidney metabolic profiles were clearly separated between the SHR-NCW and SHRUntreated groups.A total of 85 metabolites were differentially regulated,and 16 metabolites were identified as potential kidney biomarkers,e.g.,3-hydroxybutyrate,malonic acid,deoxycytidine,and L-aspartic acid.The peptide NCW might regulate kidney metabolic disorder of SHRs to alleviate hypertension by suppressing inflammation and improving nitric oxide production under the regulation of linoleic acid metabolism,folate related pathways,synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies,pyrimidine metabolism,β-alanine metabolism,and retinal metabolism.

Identifi cation of egg protein-derived peptides as xanthine oxidase inhibitors:virtual hydrolysis,molecular docking,and in vitro activity evaluation

The purpose of this study was to screen the xanthine oxidase(XO)inhibitory peptides from egg white proteins through virtual hydrolysis,in vitro activity validation,and molecular docking.The results demonstrated that tripeptide EEK from ovalbumin exhibited potent XO inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 141μmol/L.The molecular docking results showed that tripeptide EEK bound with the active center of XO via 3 carbon hydrogen bond interactions,2 salt bridges,5 conventional hydrogen bond interactions,and 4 attractive charge interactions.The residues Glu802,Phe1009,and Arg880 may play key roles in the XO catalytic reaction.Especially,the key intermolecular forces of inhibiting XO activity may be special type of hydrogen bonds including carbon hydrogen bond interactions and attraction charge interactions.The novel tripeptide EEK is potential candidates for controlling hyperuricemia.

Biological evaluation and interaction mechanism of beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 inhibitory pentapeptide from egg albumin

Inhibition of beta-site APP cleaving enzyme1(BACE1)is one of the most promising therapeutic approaches for Alzheimer’s disease.To find natural products for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease,absorption,distribution,metabolism,excretion and toxicity(ADMET)properties and in vitro BACE1 inhibitory activity of the peptides isolated from egg albumin were evaluated.Then,molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were used to explain the molecular mechanism of the interactions between BACE1 and peptides.The IC50 value of peptide KLPGF,with satisfactory ADMET properties,against BACE1 was(8.30±0.56)mmol/L.Molecular docking revealed that KLPGF contacted with the residues of BACE1’s active sites through twelve hydrogen bonds interactions,two hydrophobic interactions,one electrostatic interaction,and two Pi-cation interactions.The 5 ns molecular dynamics simulations confirmed that the structure of KLPGF with BACE1 was stable.Peptide KLPGF contacted the residues Lys321,Asp228,and Asn233 with stable hydrogen bonds.KLPGF may be a potential anti-BACE1 candidate.

碳纳米管黏附材料研究进展

干性黏附材料具有将两个界面通过表面相互作用力连接在一起的功能,是社会生活和生产中不可或缺的物质.干性黏附材料主要分为高分子黏附材料、水凝胶黏附材料以及碳纳米管黏附材料等几类.其中,碳纳米管具有超高的长径比,并且具备优越的力学、热学和电学性能,已被证明是先进黏附材料的理想组成单元.经过长期努力,研究者已制备出具备高黏附强度的碳纳米管黏附材料,并展示了碳纳米管黏附在生物医学、电子器件等领域的应用潜力.明晰碳纳米管黏附机制、整理宏观集合体黏附性能研究进展与挑战,对于合理设计和制造碳纳米管黏附材料以及实现碳纳米管黏附实际应用具有至关重要的意义.本文首先历数碳纳米管黏附的发展历程,从微观结构探测及模拟计算出发,深入挖掘碳纳米管黏附机制.其次,归纳了碳纳米管宏观集合体的黏附性能研究手段,并列举了提升碳纳米管黏附性能的策略和方法.最后,详细对比了碳纳米管黏附材料、高分子黏附材料以及水凝胶黏附材料在制备方法、结构特征以及黏附性能等方面的差异,并对碳纳米管黏附的下一步研究方向进行了展望.

摩擦电、电化学、压电和介电弹性体能量回收器的低频能量回收性能的提升策略:研究进展及挑战

机械能回收是指将海浪、风和人体运动等各种形式的机械能转化为电能的一种方法.这为解决化石燃料的枯竭和环境问题提供了一个可行性方案.然而,将机械能直接转化为电能的主要障碍是大多数机械能源的低频率(≤5赫兹)会导致能量转换效率、输出功率和输出电流偏低.近年来,许多研究报道了利用工作机制创新来改进能量收集技术的方法.本综述旨在深入分析基于摩擦电、电化学、压电和介电弹性体效应的低频能量回收技术的研究进展.从概述与低频能量回收有关的困难开始,阐明了影响机械能量回收器低频回收性能的关键因素,包括工作机制、环境因素和设备组成,同时比较和总结了不同机制在低频能量回收中的优缺点.此外,该综述还阐述了通过优化材料成分、结构和装置设计来提高低频能量回收性能的策略,并展示了机械能回收器在波浪能、风能和人体运动能量回收方面的应用.最后,针对不同应用场景,提供了对机械能回收机制选择的推荐,为新一代能量回收器的改进和制造提供了思路.

The Integrative Studies on the Functional A-to-I RNA Editing Events in Human Cancers

Adenosine-to-inosine(A-to-I)RNA editing,constituting nearly 90%of all RNA editing events in humans,has been reported to contribute to the tumorigenesis in diverse cancers.However,the comprehensive map for functional A-to-I RNA editing events in cancers is still insufficient.To fill this gap,we systematically and intensively analyzed multiple tumorigenic mechanisms of A-to-I RNA editing events in samples across 33 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas.For individual candidate among1,500,000 quantified RNA editing events,we performed diverse types of downstream functional annotations.Finally,we identified 24,236 potentially functional A-to-I RNA editing events,including the cases in APOL1,IGFBP3,GRIA2,BLCAP,and miR-589-3p.These events might play crucial roles in the scenarios of tumorigenesis,due to their tumor-related editing frequencies or probable effects on altered expression profiles,protein functions,splicing patterns,and microRNA regulations of tumor genes.Our functional A-to-I RNA editing events(https://ccsm.uth.edu/CAeditome/)will help better understand the cancer pathology from the A-to-I RNA editing aspect.

固定化尿苷-胞苷激酶和聚磷酸激酶偶联催化制备5′-胞苷酸

尿苷-胞苷激酶作为生物体核苷酸代谢补偿途径中的重要催化剂,可以催化胞苷的磷酸化反应合成5′-胞苷酸(简称胞苷酸),但需要NTP作为磷酸供体。为了提高胞苷酸的生产效率,文中首先使用大肠杆菌分别异源表达来源于嗜热栖热菌Thermus thermophiles HB8的尿苷-胞苷激酶和来源于类球红细菌Rhodobacter sphaeroides的聚磷酸激酶,其中尿苷-胞苷激酶用于催化胞苷和ATP形成胞苷酸,聚磷酸激酶则用于ATP的循环再生。然后,使用D403金属螯合树脂吸附Ni^2+形成固定化载体,再利用固定化载体特异性吸附重组酶形成固定化酶。最后,单因素优化实验确定固定化酶的催化反应条件,在30℃、pH 8.0的条件下,以60 mmol/L胞苷和0.5 mmol/L ATP为底物,可实现5批次的高效连续催化反应,胞苷酸平均摩尔得率达到91.2%。上述制备方法反应成本低,产物得率高,酶利用率高,在工业生产中具有较好的应用潜力。