Solar arrays are the primary energy source for spacecraft.Although traditional rigid solar arrays improve power supply,the quality increases proportionally.Hence,it is difficult to satisfy the requirements of high-pow...Solar arrays are the primary energy source for spacecraft.Although traditional rigid solar arrays improve power supply,the quality increases proportionally.Hence,it is difficult to satisfy the requirements of high-power and low-cost space applications.In this study,a shape-memory polymer composite(SMPC)boom was designed,fabricated,and characterized for flexible reel-type solar arrays.The SMPC boom was fabricated from a smart material,a shape-memory polymer composite,whose mechanical properties were tested.Additionally,a mathematical model of the bending stiffness of the SMPC boom was developed,and the bending and buckling behaviors of the boom were further analyzed using the ABAQUS software.An SMPC boom was fabricated to demonstrate its shape memory characteristics,and the driving force of the booms with varying geometric parameters was investigated.We also designed and manufactured a reel-type solar array based on an SMPC boom and verified its self-deployment capability.The results indicated that the SMPC boom can be used as a deployable unit to roll out flexible solar arrays.展开更多
It is a long-standing question as to which genes define the characteristic facial features among different ethnic groups. In this study, we use Uyghurs, an ancient admixed population to query the genetic bases why Eur...It is a long-standing question as to which genes define the characteristic facial features among different ethnic groups. In this study, we use Uyghurs, an ancient admixed population to query the genetic bases why Europeans and Han Chinese look different. Facial traits were analyzed based on high-dense 3D facial images; numerous biometric spaces were examined for divergent facial features between European and Han Chinese, ranging from inter-landmark distances to dense shape geometrics, Genome-wide associ- ation studies （GWAS） were conducted on a discovery panel of Uyghurs, Six significant loci were iden- tified, four of which, rs1868752, rs118078182, rs60159418 at or near UBASH3B, COL23A1, PCDH7 and rs17868256 were replicated in independent cohorts of Uyghurs or Southern Han Chinese. A prospective model was also developed to predict 3D faces based on top GWAS signals and tested in hypothetic forensic scenarios.展开更多
The human face is a heritable surface with many complex sensory organs.In recent years,many genetic loci associated with facial features have been reported in different populations,yet there is a lack of studies on th...The human face is a heritable surface with many complex sensory organs.In recent years,many genetic loci associated with facial features have been reported in different populations,yet there is a lack of studies on the Han Chinese population.Here,we report a genome-wide association study of 3D normal human faces of 2,659 Han Chinese with autosegment phenotypes of facial morphology.We identify singlenucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)encompassing four genomic regions showing significant associations with different facial regions,including SNPs in DENND1 B associated with the chin,SNPs among PISRT1 associated with eyes,SNPs between DCHS2 and SFRP2 associated with the nose,and SNPs in VPS13 B associated with the nose.We replicate 24 SNPs from previously reported genetic loci in different populations,whose candidate genes are DCHS2,SUPT3 H,HOXD1,SOX9,PAX3,and EDAR.These results provide a more comprehensive understanding of the genetic basis of variation in human facial morphology.展开更多
Petaloid toenail, or accessory nail of the fifth toe, is a physical trait characterized by the presence of an additional tiny toenail on the small toe. Since it can occasionally cause disfigurement and tenderness whil...Petaloid toenail, or accessory nail of the fifth toe, is a physical trait characterized by the presence of an additional tiny toenail on the small toe. Since it can occasionally cause disfigurement and tenderness while wearing tight shoes or walking, standard surgical matricectomy is often carried out to repair the petaloid toenail （Chi and Wang, 2004）. Chinese legends recorded petaloid toenails as a trait unique to Han Chinese （Gao, 2010）, but population- based studies are largely absent.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52105013 and 51835002)Self-Planned Task of State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System(HIT)of China(Grant No.SKLRS202202C)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2020M681087).
文摘Solar arrays are the primary energy source for spacecraft.Although traditional rigid solar arrays improve power supply,the quality increases proportionally.Hence,it is difficult to satisfy the requirements of high-power and low-cost space applications.In this study,a shape-memory polymer composite(SMPC)boom was designed,fabricated,and characterized for flexible reel-type solar arrays.The SMPC boom was fabricated from a smart material,a shape-memory polymer composite,whose mechanical properties were tested.Additionally,a mathematical model of the bending stiffness of the SMPC boom was developed,and the bending and buckling behaviors of the boom were further analyzed using the ABAQUS software.An SMPC boom was fabricated to demonstrate its shape memory characteristics,and the driving force of the booms with varying geometric parameters was investigated.We also designed and manufactured a reel-type solar array based on an SMPC boom and verified its self-deployment capability.The results indicated that the SMPC boom can be used as a deployable unit to roll out flexible solar arrays.
基金funded by the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Partner Group Grant (KT)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.31371267,31322030,91331108 (KT)+10 种基金91731303,31771388,and 31711530221 (SX)91631307 (SW)31501011 (YL) and 31260263 (YG))supported by Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) (XDB13040100,SXXDB13041000,SW)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (31525014,SX)the Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader (16XD1404700,to SX)the support of a National Thousand Young Talents Award and a Max Planck-CAS Paul Gerson Unna Independent Research Group Leadership Award (SW)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (16JC1400504,SW14YF1406800,YL16YF1413900,HL)
文摘It is a long-standing question as to which genes define the characteristic facial features among different ethnic groups. In this study, we use Uyghurs, an ancient admixed population to query the genetic bases why Europeans and Han Chinese look different. Facial traits were analyzed based on high-dense 3D facial images; numerous biometric spaces were examined for divergent facial features between European and Han Chinese, ranging from inter-landmark distances to dense shape geometrics, Genome-wide associ- ation studies （GWAS） were conducted on a discovery panel of Uyghurs, Six significant loci were iden- tified, four of which, rs1868752, rs118078182, rs60159418 at or near UBASH3B, COL23A1, PCDH7 and rs17868256 were replicated in independent cohorts of Uyghurs or Southern Han Chinese. A prospective model was also developed to predict 3D faces based on top GWAS signals and tested in hypothetic forensic scenarios.
基金funded by the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Partner Group Grant(K.T.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31371267,31322030,and 91331108,K.T.+10 种基金91631307,S.W.30890034,31271338,L.J.and 31525014,91731303,31771388,31961130380,and 32041008,S.X.)supported by the National Basic Research Program(2015FY111700,L.J.)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2017SHZDZX01,L.J.,S.X.,and S.W.)the Ministry of Education(311016,L.J.)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(XDB13040000,S.X.and S.W.)the UK Royal Society-Newton Advanced Fellowship(NAFn R1n191094)Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences(QYZDJ-SSW-SYS009)of the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe support of a National Thousand Young Talents Award and a Max Planck-CAS Paul Gerson Unna Independent Research Group Leadership Award(S.W.)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(16JC1400504,S.W.)。
文摘The human face is a heritable surface with many complex sensory organs.In recent years,many genetic loci associated with facial features have been reported in different populations,yet there is a lack of studies on the Han Chinese population.Here,we report a genome-wide association study of 3D normal human faces of 2,659 Han Chinese with autosegment phenotypes of facial morphology.We identify singlenucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)encompassing four genomic regions showing significant associations with different facial regions,including SNPs in DENND1 B associated with the chin,SNPs among PISRT1 associated with eyes,SNPs between DCHS2 and SFRP2 associated with the nose,and SNPs in VPS13 B associated with the nose.We replicate 24 SNPs from previously reported genetic loci in different populations,whose candidate genes are DCHS2,SUPT3 H,HOXD1,SOX9,PAX3,and EDAR.These results provide a more comprehensive understanding of the genetic basis of variation in human facial morphology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31322030,91331108 to S.W.31222030 to H.L.+10 种基金30890034,31271338 to L.J.91331204,31171218 to S.X.31260263 to Y.G.)the National Basic Research Program(No.2015FY111700 to L.J.)the Ministry of Education(No.113022A toH.L.)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB13040100 to S.X.)the National Program for Top-notch Young Innovative Talents of The“Wanren Jihua”Project to S.X.the National Thousand Young Talents Award to S.W.the Shanghai Shuguang Project(No.14SG05)to H.L.the Max Planck-CAS Paul Gerson Unna Independent Research Group Leadership Award to S.W.the open projects from the State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering,Fudan University to S.W.
文摘Petaloid toenail, or accessory nail of the fifth toe, is a physical trait characterized by the presence of an additional tiny toenail on the small toe. Since it can occasionally cause disfigurement and tenderness while wearing tight shoes or walking, standard surgical matricectomy is often carried out to repair the petaloid toenail （Chi and Wang, 2004）. Chinese legends recorded petaloid toenails as a trait unique to Han Chinese （Gao, 2010）, but population- based studies are largely absent.
