Healthy ecosystems benefit humans in various forms,and ecosystem services(ESs)are the benefits reaped by people in various forms.However,increase in global human population and the resulting anthropogenic activities h...Healthy ecosystems benefit humans in various forms,and ecosystem services(ESs)are the benefits reaped by people in various forms.However,increase in global human population and the resulting anthropogenic activities have led to rapid alterations in the composition,structure,and functions of the ecosystems as well as their degradation,increasing the losses associated with ES values.Livelihoods of people in several developing countries are highly dependent on their surrounding ecosystems and the services they provide.Therefore,management and reduction of ecosystem modification are required;especially in developing countries,this requirement is even more urgent.In Africa,ecosystem-based studies are limited and in still in their initial stages.Hence,this paper examines dynamic Ethiopian ESs in Africa from 2010 to 2019 based on a systematic bibliometric analysis of articles from the Scopus database using a set of standard criteria.In total,73 articles were published on Africa,including Ethiopia.The results reveal that the spatial distribution trend of ES studies is unevenly distributed,where most studies were conducted in the central highlands,followed by southwestern regions,with no studies on the western part of Ethiopia.Regarding service providing units(SPUs),the urban ecosystem and agroecosystem accounted for 25%and mixed ecosystems accounted for 20%.Furthermore,a total of 67 specific ESs were investigated by researchers,among which 81.25%of the specific ESs were classified into two ES categories.Provisioning ES(40.29%)dominated across all of the ES types while the cultural ES(5.97%)type has received little attention.Based on keywords,ESs were strongly linked to South Africa,Ethiopia,and biodiversity.In terms of the co-authorship network,authors from the United Kingdom,Italy,Burkina Faso,the Netherlands,and Germany actively collaborated with the Ethiopian researchers,and approximately 50%of the studies were aimed at estimating the value of the ESs through an applied mixed mode of ES study approaches.This review indicates that,due to land use land cover(LULC)changes from 1985 to 2015,approximately US$149.5 million or US$4.98 million annually in ES values were lost.Moreover,there is a critical need to extend ES studies to entire Ethiopia to capture the spatial and socioeconomic uniqueness of various ecosystems and focus more on multiple ES categories as a means to address ES synergies and provide unit-services to strengthen the relations among benefiting areas in Ethiopia.展开更多
Green space(GS)is a central element of urban ecosystems while,urbanization is substantially changed green land into impervious ecosystems,which has then troubled the equilibrium of the surface thermal energy and the e...Green space(GS)is a central element of urban ecosystems while,urbanization is substantially changed green land into impervious ecosystems,which has then troubled the equilibrium of the surface thermal energy and the ecosystem services fluxes.This study was intended to explore the response of relative land surface temperature(RLST)intensities to the urban ecosystem-agglomeration dynamics as well as regional thermal environment(RTE)effects on green space in four major cities(i.e.,Addis Ababa-Hawassa-Adama-Bahir Dar)of Ethiopia from 1990−2020,using a set of remote sensing images,single-channel algorism,and geospatial analyses.The results showed the trends of GS evolution were:GS loss>GS gain>GS exchange.Besides,the distinct ecosystems as high-temperature zones(RLST more than 2°C)were gradually augmented and significantly intensified between 2010−2020 in all cities,while the proportion of green space was significantly decreased.Due to this,the segregated urban heat islands were gradually inter-weaved and interacted with each other and forming regional heat islands.However,the newly established green space has fewer cooling effects than urban forest and greenery,because RLST of green space loss and gain are substantially disparate.We also confirmed that the regional thermal environment is not only prejudiced by ecosystem patterns and processes besides substantially conquered by the particular GS change processes as well as RHI dynamics and evolution rate.展开更多
文摘Healthy ecosystems benefit humans in various forms,and ecosystem services(ESs)are the benefits reaped by people in various forms.However,increase in global human population and the resulting anthropogenic activities have led to rapid alterations in the composition,structure,and functions of the ecosystems as well as their degradation,increasing the losses associated with ES values.Livelihoods of people in several developing countries are highly dependent on their surrounding ecosystems and the services they provide.Therefore,management and reduction of ecosystem modification are required;especially in developing countries,this requirement is even more urgent.In Africa,ecosystem-based studies are limited and in still in their initial stages.Hence,this paper examines dynamic Ethiopian ESs in Africa from 2010 to 2019 based on a systematic bibliometric analysis of articles from the Scopus database using a set of standard criteria.In total,73 articles were published on Africa,including Ethiopia.The results reveal that the spatial distribution trend of ES studies is unevenly distributed,where most studies were conducted in the central highlands,followed by southwestern regions,with no studies on the western part of Ethiopia.Regarding service providing units(SPUs),the urban ecosystem and agroecosystem accounted for 25%and mixed ecosystems accounted for 20%.Furthermore,a total of 67 specific ESs were investigated by researchers,among which 81.25%of the specific ESs were classified into two ES categories.Provisioning ES(40.29%)dominated across all of the ES types while the cultural ES(5.97%)type has received little attention.Based on keywords,ESs were strongly linked to South Africa,Ethiopia,and biodiversity.In terms of the co-authorship network,authors from the United Kingdom,Italy,Burkina Faso,the Netherlands,and Germany actively collaborated with the Ethiopian researchers,and approximately 50%of the studies were aimed at estimating the value of the ESs through an applied mixed mode of ES study approaches.This review indicates that,due to land use land cover(LULC)changes from 1985 to 2015,approximately US$149.5 million or US$4.98 million annually in ES values were lost.Moreover,there is a critical need to extend ES studies to entire Ethiopia to capture the spatial and socioeconomic uniqueness of various ecosystems and focus more on multiple ES categories as a means to address ES synergies and provide unit-services to strengthen the relations among benefiting areas in Ethiopia.
文摘Green space(GS)is a central element of urban ecosystems while,urbanization is substantially changed green land into impervious ecosystems,which has then troubled the equilibrium of the surface thermal energy and the ecosystem services fluxes.This study was intended to explore the response of relative land surface temperature(RLST)intensities to the urban ecosystem-agglomeration dynamics as well as regional thermal environment(RTE)effects on green space in four major cities(i.e.,Addis Ababa-Hawassa-Adama-Bahir Dar)of Ethiopia from 1990−2020,using a set of remote sensing images,single-channel algorism,and geospatial analyses.The results showed the trends of GS evolution were:GS loss>GS gain>GS exchange.Besides,the distinct ecosystems as high-temperature zones(RLST more than 2°C)were gradually augmented and significantly intensified between 2010−2020 in all cities,while the proportion of green space was significantly decreased.Due to this,the segregated urban heat islands were gradually inter-weaved and interacted with each other and forming regional heat islands.However,the newly established green space has fewer cooling effects than urban forest and greenery,because RLST of green space loss and gain are substantially disparate.We also confirmed that the regional thermal environment is not only prejudiced by ecosystem patterns and processes besides substantially conquered by the particular GS change processes as well as RHI dynamics and evolution rate.
