Efficacious selective separation of U(Ⅵ) over Mo(Ⅵ) using novel 2,9-diamide-1,10-phenanthroline ligands: Liquid-liquid extraction and coordination chemistry

Uranium and molybdenum are important strategic elements. The production of ^(99)Mo and the hydrometallurgical process of uranium ore face difficult problems of separation of uranium and molybdenum.In this study, the four phenanthroline diamide ligands were synthesized, and extraction and stripping experiments were performed under different conditions to evaluate the potential application of these ligands for separation of U(Ⅵ) over Mo(Ⅵ). With the growth of alkyl chain, the solubility of ligands could be greatly improved, and the separation effect of U(Ⅵ) over Mo(Ⅵ) gradually increased. The SF_(U/Mo) were around 10,000 at 4 mol/L HNO3. Three stripping agents were tested with the stripping efficiency of Na_(2)CO_(3)(5%) > H_(2)O > HNO_(3)(0.01 mol/L). The stripping percentages of the three stripping agents were all close to unity, indicating that the ligands had the potential to be recycled. The chemical stoichiometry of U(Ⅵ) complexes with ligands was evaluated as 1:1 using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry,ultraviolet visible spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The consistency between theoretical calculation and experimental results further explains the coordination mechanism.

Involuntary admission and treatment of patients with mental disorder

Despite the efforts of the World Health Organization to internationally standardize strategies for mental-health care delivery,the rules and regulations for involuntary admission and treatment of patients with mental disorder still differ markedly across countries. This review was undertaken to describe the regulations and mental-health laws from diverse countries and districts of Europe（UK,Austria,Denmark,France,Germany,Italy,Ireland,and Norway）,the Americas（Canada,USA,and Brazil）,Australasia（Australia and New Zealand）,and Asia（Japan and China）. We outline the criteria and procedures for involuntary admission to psychiatric hospitals and to community services,illustrate the key features oflaws related to these issues,and discuss their implications for contemporary psychiatric practice. This review may help to standardize the introduction oflegislation that allows involuntary admission and treatment of patients with mental disorders in the mainland of China,and contribute to improved mental-health care. In this review,involuntary admission or treatment does not include the placement of mentally-ill offenders,or any other aspect of forensic psychiatry.

Efficacy of Williams LifeSkills Training in improving psychological health of Chinese male juvenile violent offenders:a randomized controlled study

This randomized controlled study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Williams Life Skills Training（WLST） as a means ofimproving the psychological health of Chinese male juvenile violent offenders.Sixty-six participants were assigned randomly to receive the usual intervention plus 8 weeks of WLST（study group,n = 33） or only the usual intervention（control group,n = 33）. We found that the study group exhibited significantly decreased State-Trait Anxiety Inventory（STAI X-1,X-2） STAX2 scores and Trait Coping Style Questionnaire（TCSQ） negative scores,and increased Interpersonal Support Evaluation List（ISEL） tangible scores from baseline to 9 weeks later（P 〈0.01）. In addition,a between-group difference in changes of TCSQ negative score was observed at the end of week 9（P 〈0.05）. These fi ndings suggest that WLST can improve trait anxiety,coping style,and interpersonal support in male Chinese juvenile violent offenders.