A review on re-emerging bacteriophage therapy in the era of XDR

In the present medicine world antibiotic resistance is one of the key threats to universal health coverage.Researchers continue to work hard to combat this global health concern.Phage therapy,an age-old practice during the early twentieth century,was outshined by the discovery of antibiotics.With the advent of widespread antibiotic resistance,phage therapy has again redeemed itself as a potential alternative owing to its adeptness to target bacteria precisely.Limited side effects,the ability to migrate to different body organs,a distinct mode of action,and proliferation at the infection site,make phages a profitable candidate to replace conventional antibiotics.The progressive outcome of numerous in vitro studies and case reports has validated the clinical efficacy of phage therapy.The bright perspective of using phages to treat bacterial infections has fueled enormous medical research to exploit their potential as therapeutics.The gaps in the information about phages and the lack of consent for clinical trials is major hurdle for consideration of phage therapy.Crafting phage therapy as a reality in medicine requires a coordinated effort from different fraternities.With this review,we aim to emphasize the importance of phage therapy in modern medicine.This review explains their historical journey,basic phage biology,cross-talk with the host immunity,obstacles with phage therapy,and their possible remedies.Comprehensive data on the various significant clinical trials of phage therapy has been presented.We evaluated the efficacy of antibiotics and phage therapy in part and in combination,along with recent progress and future perspectives of phage therapy.

Study on Snake Venom Protein-Antibody Interaction by Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectroscopy

The development of a portable and inexpensive surface plasmon resonance （SPR） measurement device with the integrated biosensor for the detection of snake venom protein is presented in this paper. For the construction of the sensing element, amine coupling chemistry is used to bio-functionalize silver coated glass slide with antibodies like immunoglobulin （IgG）. The immobilization of the antibody is confirmed by spectroscopic measurements like ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy （UV-Vis） and Fourier-transforms infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）. The device is calibrated with the standard solution of sodium chloride and ethanol before testing venom protein samples. To investigate the bio-molecular interactions, crude venom of Indian cobra （concentration range： 0.1 mg/ml - 1.0mg/ml） in the phosphate buffer solution （PBS） are exposed to the biosensor. The experimentally measured data indicate the shift in the plasmon resonance angle from its initial value （52°） to 54° for 0.1 mg/ml and 60° for 1.0mg/ml protein solution.

Viscous cosmology in holographic dark energy with Granda–Oliveros cut-off

We study the effect of bulk viscosity on holographic dark energy(HDE)with Granda–Oliveros infra-red cut-off.We focus on a generalized form of the bulk viscous coefficient which successfully describes the present-day evolution of the Universe.We observe that the model with bulk viscosity provides an elegant description of the early and late-time evolution of the Universe.We constrain the model through the combined observational data of the Strong Lensing System(SLS),measurements of Hubble parameter,Type Ia supernova data of Pantheon sample and local H_(0)measured by SH0ES.Using best-fit values obtained from two different combinations of data,we estimate the present value of Hubble’s constant H_(0)=71.567-0.848+1.448and H_(0)=69.197-1.924+1.563,the deceleration parameter q_(0)=-0.535-0.016+0.016and q_(0)=-0.536-0.016+0.016,and the equation of state w_(0)=-0.690-0.010+0.010and w_(0)=-0.691-0.011+0.011,respectively.The HDE model with bulk viscosity exhibits the phase transition from decelerated epoch to accelerated epoch.A comparison of the model with the standardΛCDM model is discussed with the statefinder and cosmographic parameters.

Data mining-based algorithm for assortment planning

With increasing varieties and products,management of limited shelf space becomes quite difficult for retailers.Hence,an efficient product assortment,which in turn helps to plan the organization of various products across limited shelf space,is extremely important for retailers.Products can be distinguished based on quality,price,brand,and other attributes,and decision needs to be made about an assortment of the products based on these attributes.An efficient assortment planning improves the financial performance of the retailer by increasing profits and reducing operational costs.Clustering techniques can be very effective in grouping products,stores,etc.and help managers solve the problem of assortment planning.This paper proposes data mining approaches for assortment planning for profit maximization with space,and cost constraints by mapping it into well-known knapsack problem.