Innovative Production of PCMs （Phase Change Materials） Preparation by Vacuum Impregnation： Mechanical Strength of Mortars Cement with Composite PCMs Content

An experimental investigation was conducted to study the efficiency of thermal insulation of composite PCMs （phase change materials） produced by vacuum impregnation process between paraffin （PCMs） and fly ash particles. DSC （differential scanning calorimeter） has been used to determine the thermal properties of latent heat of melting and heat capacity for composite PCMs. Vacuum impregnation pressure of 40 in.Hg, paraffin melting temperature of 90℃, vacuum time and impregnation time of paraffin of 30 min are the optimum condition of composite PCMs productions. The values of latent heat of melting and heat capacity are 74.00 J/g and 15.726 J/g.℃ for composite PCMs that produces by the optimum condition in vacuum impregnation process. Increasing the amount of composite PCMs replacing for cement in mortars causes the compressive strength, flexural strength and tensile strength reduction. Compressive strength, flexural strength and tensile strength of mortar with and without composite PCMs can be increased by the longer time of water curing for mortar specimens. Thermal conductivity （k） of mortar cement is reduced by increasing the amount of composite PCMs which replaced for cement in mortar plate compositions. Composite PCMs have the efficiency for thermal energy insulation when incorporated into the buildings. Therefore, this property of paraffin/fly ash composites PCMs can reduce the energy consumption for temperature control in the buildings.

Innovative Production of PCMs （Phase Change Materials） Preparation by Vacuum Impregnation： Thermal and Physical Properties

Energy is essential for every human activity for more comfortable life but also consumes more natural resources. In order to control human comfort, temperature usually required when the differences in temperature swing between indoor and outdoor temperatures. PCMs （phase change materials） are the high latent heat materials which can be used in building materials for energy conservation purpose. PCMs can store thermal energy and also can prevent heat to pass through temperature control areas. Paraffin has been used as PCMs are absorbed into the pore of fly ash as paraffin/fly-ash composite and mixed into the buildings materials. Paraffin is an organic material with high melting point （-59℃）, and nonflammable materials therefore paraffin can be used as the building materials for the function of PCMs for energy saving purposes. Composite PCMs can be prepared by vacuum impregnation process. Paraffin in liquid form will be impregnated into the pore of fly ash by vacuum capillary force to form paraffin/fly ash composite PCMs. Vacuum impregnation pressures, vacuum times, impregnation times of liquid paraffin in fly ash pores and temperatures for melting the solid paraffin into the liquid form are all affect on the thermal properties of paraffin/fly ash composite PCMs. Paraffin or PCMs impregnation are also relate to the physical property including the fractal dimensions of the pores of the fly ash particles and paraffin/fly ash composite PCMs. The fractal dimensions of the pore of fly ash and paraffin/fiy ash composites PCMs are between the values of 1.0 and 2.0. Fractal dimensions of paraffin/fly-ash composite PCMs have the same trend as the thermal properties for heat capacity and latent heat of melting. These fractal dimensions technique is a novel method to measure physical property of building material related to latent heat and heat capacity.

Innovative Production of PCMs （Phase Change Materials） Preparation by Vacuum Impregnation： Thermal Insulation Efficiency

Energy is essential for every human activity for more comfortable life, but it also consumes more natural resources. Fossil fuel is the major energy source for energy consumption, and it also emits a lot of air pollution during usage to atmosphere and not reproductively. Electrical energy is the secondary energy sources from fossil fuel which is used to operate air conditioning system. In order to control human comfort temperature, it is usually required when the temperature differences swing between indoor and outdoor temperatures. PCMs （phase change materials） are the high latent heat materials which can be used in building materials for energy conservation purpose. PCMs can store thermal energy and prevent heat to pass through temperature control areas. Paraffin has been used as PCMs which is absorbed into the pore of fly ash as paraffin/fly-ash composite and mixed into the buildings materials. Paraffin is an organic material with high melting point （-59 ~C） and nonflammable material, therefore, it can be used as the building materials for the function of PCMs for energy saving purposes. Composite PCMs can be prepared by vacuum impregnation process. Paraffin in liquid form will be impregnated into the pore of fly ash by vacuum capillary force to form paraffin/fly ash composite PCMs. Vacuum impregnation pressures, vacuum times, impregnation times of liquid paraffin in fly ash pores and temperatures for melting the solid paraffin into the liquid form are all affect on the thermal properties of paraffin/fly ash composite PCMs. Composite PCMs will be selected by the optimum thermal properties with optimum of the production conditions for replace the cement powder in the mortar plate compositions. Cement mortar plate with and without composite PCMs will be tested for the thermal insulation properties by comparison as the real day and night time for 8 h period from spot light turn on and off. Temperature detection on the surface and inside the model building under mortar plate with and without composite PCMs is detected every 1 min. Temperature differences between surface of mortar plate over the model building and inside temperature of model building under mortar plates increase with more composite PCMs contents in mortar plates. Thermal insulation efficiency in the building can be enhanced by the composite PCMs utilization as the composition of the building materials.