Complex Cystic Breast Masses: An Ultrasound Imaging Review

Cystic lesions are very commonly encountered entities in the breast. Among these, Complex Cystic Breast Masses (CCBMs), which contain both anechoic and echogenic components, can result in a variety of imaging appearances. These include cystic lesions with thick walls and/or internal septa, intracystic nodular lesions, and solid-cystic masses of varying compositions. Ultrasound is the mainstay for evaluating cystic lesions, and thus recognizing the imaging features appropriately and suggesting suitable interventional procedures are included in their management. In this pictorial essay, we describe the wide range of ultrasound appearances of CCBMs with a number of clinically encountered examples from our institution. This article would enhance the understanding of readers in possible differentials to be included in their clinical practice and to suggest appropriate further intervention, when deemed necessary.