Metallurgical Behaviour and Carbon Diffusion in Buttering Deposits Prepared With and Without Buffer Layers

Use of a buttering deposit on ferritic steel in dissimilar metal weld（DMW） joint is a common practice in nuclear plants to connect pressure vessel components（ferritic steel） to pipelines（austenitic stainless steel）.Carbon migration and metallurgical changes near fusion interface（ferritic steel–austenitic stainless steel） lead to a steeper gradient in material properties,and minimizing this gradient is the major challenge in the manufacturing of DMW joints.Inconel 82 is often deposited on ferritic steel material as buttering to reducing the gradient of physical and attaining material compatibility.Inconel 82/182 fillers are used to minimize the carbon migration,but the results are not truly adequate.In this paper,Ni–Fe alloy（chromium-free） has been used as the intermediate buffer layer in the weld buttering deposit to address the issue of carbon migration and subsequent metallurgical deterioration.The weld pads with and without buffer layers of Ni–Fe alloy have been investigated and compared in detail for metallurgical properties and carbon diffusivities.Ni–Fe buffer layer can significantly control the carbon migration which resists the metallurgical deterioration.It showed the better results in postweld heat treatment and thermally aged conditions.The buttering deposit with Ni–Fe buffer layer could be the better choice for DMW joints requirements.

Characterization of microstructure, toughness, and chemical composition of friction-welded joints of UNS S32205 duplex stainless steel

Friction welding is a solid-state joining process which is applied extensively because of its advantages such as low heat input,efficient application,ease in manufacturing,and environmental friendliness.The present study investigates the mechanical and metallurgical properties of UNS S32205 duplex stainless steel friction-welded joints.The process parameters,namely friction pressure,upsetting pressure,and rotational speed are individually varied from low level to high level(within the range of the machine setup)and their effects on the joint properties are analyzed.The partial-deformation zone had higher hardness than the weld and base metal.The toughness of the joints was evaluated at room temperature and at subzero temperature conditions.The impact toughness of the friction-welded joints was found to be superior to fusion-joined duplex stainless steel in room and cryogenic conditions.