A Novel Nanotube-Based Fiber Laser for Ultrashort Pulse Generation and Fast Measurements

We propose a nanotube-based erbium-doped fiber laser that can deliver conventional soliton (CS) and stretched pulse (SP) based on D-shaped fiber saturable absorber (DF-SA) where evanescent-field interaction works. The novel Nanotube-based Fiber Laser can generate SP or CS by tuning pump power and polarization controller (PC) properly. The net cavity dispersion of laser is slightly negative. In our experiment, by optimizing the PC in the cavity, CS and SP can be obtained at the central wavelengths of 1530.6 nm and 1530.3 nm due to on carbon nanotubes and the spectral filtering effect induced by nonlinear polarization rotation. Although the acquired CS and SP nearly have the same central wavelengths, they show distinct optical spectra, 3-dB bandwidths. The proposed fiber laser with switchable CS and SP is attractive for ultrashort pulse generation and fast measurements in practical applications.

Berberine alleviates non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis partially by promoting SIRT1 deacetylation of CPT1A in mice

Background:Berberine effectively alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Nevertheless,the mechanism is incompletely comprehended.It has been reported that SIRT1 mediates lipid metabolism in liver and berberine promotes the expression of SIRT1 in hepatocytes.We hypothesized that SIRT1 mediated the effect of berberine on NAFLD.Methods:The effects of berberine on NAFLD were evaluated in C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet(HFD)and in mouse primary hepatocytes and cell lines exposed to palmitate.The change of fatty acid oxidation(FAO)and the activity of CPT1A were observed in HepG2 cells.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were employed to observe the expression of SIRT1 and lipid metabolism-related molecules.The interaction between SIRT1 and CPT1A was investigated by using co-immunoprecipitation assay in HEK293T cells.Results:Berberine treatment attenuated hepatic steatosis,reduced triglyceride(190.1611.2 lmol/g liver vs 113.667.6 lmol/g liver,P<0.001)and cholesterol(11.362.5 lmol/g liver vs 6.360.4 lmol/g liver,P<0.001)concentration in the liver,and improved lipid and glucose metabolism disorders compared with the HFD group.The expression of SIRT1 was reduced in the liver of NAFLD patients and mouse models.Berberine increased the expression of SIRT1 and promoted the protein level of CPT1A and its activity in HepG2 cells.SIRT1 overexpression mimicked the effect of berberine on reducing triglyceride levels in HepG2 cells,whereas SIRT1 knock-down attenuated the effect of berberine.Mechanistically,berberine increased the expression of SIRT1.SIRT1 deacetylated CPT1A at the Lys675 site,which suppressed its ubiquitin-dependent degradation,thereby promoting FAO and alleviating non-alcoholic liver steatosis.Conclusions:Berberine promoted SIRT1 deacetylation of CPT1A at the Lys675 site,which reduced the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of CPT1A and ameliorated non-alcoholic liver steatosis.