Crystalline framework nanosheets as platforms for functional materials

The integration of organic and inorganic materials has been widely used in various applications to generate novel functional nanomaterials characterized by unique properties.Functional crystalline framework nanosheets and their synergistic effects have been studied recently for possessing the advantages of functional species as well as crystalline framework nanosheets.Hence,we have focused on the preparation methods and applications of functional crystalline framework nanosheets in this review.We introduced crystalline framework nanosheets and discussed the importance of integrating functional species with nanosheets to form functional crystalline framework nanosheets.Then,two aspects of the preparation methods of functional crystalline framework nanosheets were reviewed:in situ synthesis and post-synthesis modification.Subsequently,we discussed the properties of the crystalline framework nanosheets combined with various functional species and summarized their applications in catalysis,sensing,separation,and energy storage.Finally,we have shared our insights on the challenges of functional crystalline framework nanosheets,hoping to contribute to the knowledge base for optimizing the preparation methods,expanding categories,improving stability,and exploring potential applications.

The difference of Teaching Mode of Graphic Design Major in Chinese and American Universities

This article is based on personal visits to Louisiana State University in the United States.It analyzes and introduces the hotspots of curriculum design,training methods,learning environment,professional ability and quality training of graphic design majors in American public comprehensive universities.Analyze the teaching concepts and methods that are inspiring for the relevant design courses for our country from a personal perspective,and gain insights into the deep-seated problems in the cultivation of design innovation capabilities in China and the United States,in order to arouse everyone’s reflection and further develop our country’s design educational reform ideas.

Cell sheet formation enhances the therapeutic effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on myocardial infarction as a bioactive material

Stem cell-based therapy has been used to treat ischaemic heart diseases for two decades.However,optimal cell types and transplantation methods remain unclear.This study evaluated the therapeutic effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell(hUCMSC)sheet on myocardial infarction(MI).Methods:hUCMSCs expressing luciferase were generated by lentiviral transduction for in vivo bio-luminescent imaging tracking of cells.We applied a temperature-responsive cell culture surface-based method to form the hUCMSC sheet.Cell retention was evaluated using an in vivo bio-luminescent imaging tracking system.Unbiased transcriptional profiling of infarcted hearts and further immunohistochemical assessment of monocyte and macrophage subtypes were used to determine the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of the hUCMSC sheet.Echocardiography and pathological analyses of heart sections were performed to evaluate cardiac function,angiogenesis and left ventricular remodelling.Results:When transplanted to the infarcted mouse hearts,hUCMSC sheet significantly improved the retention and survival compared with cell suspension.At the early stage of MI,hUCMSC sheet modulated inflammation by decreasing Mcp1-positive monocytes and CD68-positive macrophages and increasing Cx3cr1-positive non-classical macrophages,preserving the cardiomyocytes from acute injury.Moreover,the extracellular matrix produced by hUCMSC sheet then served as bioactive scaffold for the host cells to graft and generate new epicardial tissue,providing mechanical support and routes for revascularsation.These effects of hUCMSC sheet treatment significantly improved the cardiac function at days 7 and 28 post-MI.Conclusions:hUCMSC sheet formation dramatically improved the biological functions of hUCMSCs,mitigating adverse post-MI remodelling by modulating the inflammatory response and providing bioactive scaffold upon transplantation into the heart.Translational perspective:Due to its excellent availability as well as superior local cellular retention and survival,allogenic transplantation of hUCMSC sheets can more effectively acquire the biological functions of hUCMSCs,such as modulating inflammation and enhancing angiogenesis.Moreover,the hUCMSC sheet method allows the transfer of an intact extracellular matrix without introducing exogenous or synthetic biomaterial,further improving its clinical applicability.

Electrocatalytic degradation of pesticide micropollutants in water by high energy pulse magnetron sputtered Pt/Ti anode

The increasing occurrence of pesticide micropollutants highlights the need for innovative water treatment technologies,particularly for small-community and household applications.Electro-oxidation is being widely studied in this area,unfortunately,safe,stable and efficient electrocatalytic anodes without released heavy metal ions are still highly required.In this study,we fabricated a Pt/Ti anode by high energy pulse magnetron sputtering(HiPIMS-PtTi)which was used to decompose dichlorvos(DDVP)and azoxystrobin(AZX)in water.The results show that the reaction rate constant(kENR)on HIPIMS was 35.7 min-1(DDVP)and 41.3 min-1(AZX),respectively,superior to electroplating Pt/Ti anode(EP-PtTi).The identification of radicals(^(·)OH,^(1)O_(2),^(·)O_(2)-)and micro-area analyses evidenced that Pt atoms were embedded into the TiO_(2) lattice on the surface of Ti plate by high-energy ions,which resulted in more adsorbed hydroxyls,and higher production of·OH under polarization conditions.Besides,the electro-oxidation intermediates of DDVP and AZX were identified and the degradation pathways were speculated:(1)indirect oxidation dominated by·OH attack,and(2)direct electron transfer reaction of pesticides on the anode surface.The cooperated reactions achieve the complete degradation and highly efficient mineralization of DDVP and AZX.

糖尿病对不同分级慢加急性肝衰竭肝移植受者术后生存率的影响

目的探讨糖尿病对不同分级慢加急性肝衰竭(ACLF)肝移植受者术后生存率的影响。方法回顾性分析美国移植受者科学登记处2017年1月1日至2017年12月31日因ACLF接受肝移植的1144例受者临床资料。根据术前是否患有糖尿病,将其分为非糖尿病组(n=927)和糖尿病组(n=217)。采用Kaplan-Meier法评估生存率并绘制生存曲线,log-rank法用于比较组间差异。使用Cox比例风险模型分析预后因素。P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。结果糖尿病组与非糖尿病组受者年龄、体质指数(BMI)、基础肝脏疾病、终末期肝病模型评分、ACLF分级和术后住院时间差异均有统计学意义(U/χ^(2)=-6.290、-3.592、76.451、-2.959、8.150和-2.542,P均<0.05)。两组供者ABO血型差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.463,P<0.05)。非糖尿病组受者肝移植术后死于多器官功能衰竭的比例(1.54%)低于糖尿病组受者(5.16%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.863,P<0.05)。两组受者死于移植物功能衰竭、心脑血管疾病、出血、感染、恶性肿瘤和其他疾病的比例差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。截至2021年9月1日,非糖尿病组ACLF 1级肝移植受者术后1、2和3年生存率分别为93.1%、90.5%和88.7%,糖尿病组分别为93.8%、92.2%和92.2%,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=1.021,P>0.05)。非糖尿病组ACLF 2级肝移植受者术后1、2和3年生存率分别为93.6%、89.8%和88.4%,糖尿病组分别为96.8%、95.7%和90.3%,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.850,P>0.05)。非糖尿病组ACLF 3级肝移植受者术后1、2和3年生存率分别为91.5%、89.2%和87.5%,糖尿病组分别为80.0%、71.7%和71.7%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=11.444,P<0.05)。Cox比例风险模型多因素分析结果显示,受者术前糖尿病、族裔(非裔)和BMI是影响ACLF 3级肝移植受者术后生存的独立预测因子(HR=2.31、2.13和1.04,P均<0.05)。结论糖尿病显著降低ACLF 3级肝移植受者术后生存率,但对于ACLF 1、2级受者无明显影响。因此在进行肝移植受者术前评估时,应该重视ACLF 3级受者是否合并糖尿病,以获得更好的预后。

Degradation of 2,4,6-trichlorphenol by producing hydrogen using ultrasonic mist generated from photocatalysts suspension

Photocatalytic hydrogen production synergized with the oxidation of pollutants is an environmentally friendly and economical approach to generate clean energy and remove the pollution from environment.In this study,photocatalytic hydrogen production cooperating with 2,4,6-trichlorophenol(2,4,6-TCP)degradation have been reinforced by introducing an ultrasonic atomization.The degradation of 2,4,6-TCP in a mist of three photocatalysts(g-C3N4,TiO2,and Bi2O3)generated by ultrasonic atomization was performed under 254 nm ultraviolet(UV254)light irradiation.The results showed that,under UV254 irradiation,three different photocatalysts(g-C3N4,TiO2,and Bi2O3)all accelerated both hydrogen production and 2,4,6-TCP degradation.Additionally,2,4,6-TCP degradation and photocatalytic hydrogen production exhibited an obvious synergistic effect,since 2,4,6-TCP has a strong tendency to react with photo-generated holes and their second radicals so as to inhibit the recombination of carriers,and thus improved the efficiency of hydrogen production simultaneously.Moreover,by introducing ultrasonic atomization,the atomized droplets acted as micro-photocatalytic units to replace the macrophotocatalytic reaction reactor.Therefore,the mass transfer distance for free radicals was restricted and the utilization of light energy by photocatalysts was increased.Further,the reaction efficiency was improved.The results reveal environmentally friendly and economical potential of hydrogen production by photocatalytic degradation of 2,4,6-TCP in atomized droplets.