During the dissection of a 72-year old male cadaver,the hemiazygos vein(HAV)coursing the left side that drains into the persistent left superior vena cava was observed.The HAV was formed at the junction of the 9th to ...During the dissection of a 72-year old male cadaver,the hemiazygos vein(HAV)coursing the left side that drains into the persistent left superior vena cava was observed.The HAV was formed at the junction of the 9th to 11th right posterior intercostal veins,right subcostal vein,5th to 11th left posterior intercostal veins,and left subcostal vein;then ascended posteriorly to the thoracic aorta.After collecting the accessory hemiazygos vein,it crossed over the aorta and the pedicle of the left lung via the hemiazygos arch,then converged with a communicative branch(vein of Marshall)that emerged from the left brachiocephalic vein to form the persistent left superior vena cava and entered the pericardium.展开更多
目的研究复合应激性ED大鼠模型阴茎组织中内皮素-1(ET-1)内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)、神经元型一氧化氮合酶(nNOS)表达改变与伊木萨克提取物及其组合物的调控作用,并探讨其生殖生物学意义。方法160只SD雄性大鼠经交配实验确认具有正常性...目的研究复合应激性ED大鼠模型阴茎组织中内皮素-1(ET-1)内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)、神经元型一氧化氮合酶(nNOS)表达改变与伊木萨克提取物及其组合物的调控作用,并探讨其生殖生物学意义。方法160只SD雄性大鼠经交配实验确认具有正常性功能后,随机取15只为正常对照(N)组,余145只为造模(M)组,以环境雌激素样饲料联合冷应激复合干预法建立慢性复合应激大鼠模型,造模35周后,通过交配实验从复合应激模型中筛选出ED模型,并随机分为ED模型对照(ED)组、伊木萨克(Yimusake)组、醇提取物(alcohol extract,AE)组、水提取物(water extract,WE)组和提取物组合物(combination of extracts,COE)组,以相应提取物和药物干预3周后,分别采用免疫组化法和免疫印迹法检测阴茎组织中ET-1和eNOS、nNOS的表达。结果(1)免疫组织化学结果:与N组相比,ED组ET-1表达量显著升高(P<0.05),eNOS、nNOS表达量显著降低(P<0.05)。干预后,与ED组相比,ET-1在COE、WE和Yimusake组的表达量均显著降低(P<0.05),同时,COE、WE显著低于伊木萨克组和AE组(P<0.05)。eNOS和nNOS在COE组、AE组、WE和Yimusake组的表达量亦较ED组显著升高(P<0.05),eNOS在各干预组间无显著差异(P>0.05);nNOS在AE和WE组中的表达量均显著低于Yimusake组(P<0.05),在COE组表达明显高于Yimusake组,但无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)免疫印迹检测结果:与N组相比,ED组ET-1表达量显著升高(P<0.001),eNOS、nNOS的表达量显著降低(P<0.001)。干预后,ET-1在COE和WE组的表达量均较ED组显著降低(P<0.001),同时COE和WE组的表达量亦显著低于Yimusake组(P<0.001);eNOS表达量在COE、WE、AE和Yimusake组均较ED组显著升高(P<0.001),nNOS表达量在COE、AE和Yimusake组较ED组显著升高(P<0.001);与Yimusake组比较,COE和AE组eNOS、nNOS的表达量均无显著性差异(P>0.05),而WE组则显著低于Yimusake组(P<0.001)。结论(1)该ED大鼠模型的发生与其阴茎组织中ET-1表达升高、eNOS及nNOS表达降低相关,提示内皮功能障碍可能是其重要发病机制。(2)伊木萨克提取物及其组合物可通过调控ET-1与nNOS、eNOS水平发挥治疗作用,其中COE的调控作用优于伊木萨克片。展开更多
文摘During the dissection of a 72-year old male cadaver,the hemiazygos vein(HAV)coursing the left side that drains into the persistent left superior vena cava was observed.The HAV was formed at the junction of the 9th to 11th right posterior intercostal veins,right subcostal vein,5th to 11th left posterior intercostal veins,and left subcostal vein;then ascended posteriorly to the thoracic aorta.After collecting the accessory hemiazygos vein,it crossed over the aorta and the pedicle of the left lung via the hemiazygos arch,then converged with a communicative branch(vein of Marshall)that emerged from the left brachiocephalic vein to form the persistent left superior vena cava and entered the pericardium.
文摘目的研究复合应激性ED大鼠模型阴茎组织中内皮素-1(ET-1)内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)、神经元型一氧化氮合酶(nNOS)表达改变与伊木萨克提取物及其组合物的调控作用,并探讨其生殖生物学意义。方法160只SD雄性大鼠经交配实验确认具有正常性功能后,随机取15只为正常对照(N)组,余145只为造模(M)组,以环境雌激素样饲料联合冷应激复合干预法建立慢性复合应激大鼠模型,造模35周后,通过交配实验从复合应激模型中筛选出ED模型,并随机分为ED模型对照(ED)组、伊木萨克(Yimusake)组、醇提取物(alcohol extract,AE)组、水提取物(water extract,WE)组和提取物组合物(combination of extracts,COE)组,以相应提取物和药物干预3周后,分别采用免疫组化法和免疫印迹法检测阴茎组织中ET-1和eNOS、nNOS的表达。结果(1)免疫组织化学结果:与N组相比,ED组ET-1表达量显著升高(P<0.05),eNOS、nNOS表达量显著降低(P<0.05)。干预后,与ED组相比,ET-1在COE、WE和Yimusake组的表达量均显著降低(P<0.05),同时,COE、WE显著低于伊木萨克组和AE组(P<0.05)。eNOS和nNOS在COE组、AE组、WE和Yimusake组的表达量亦较ED组显著升高(P<0.05),eNOS在各干预组间无显著差异(P>0.05);nNOS在AE和WE组中的表达量均显著低于Yimusake组(P<0.05),在COE组表达明显高于Yimusake组,但无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)免疫印迹检测结果:与N组相比,ED组ET-1表达量显著升高(P<0.001),eNOS、nNOS的表达量显著降低(P<0.001)。干预后,ET-1在COE和WE组的表达量均较ED组显著降低(P<0.001),同时COE和WE组的表达量亦显著低于Yimusake组(P<0.001);eNOS表达量在COE、WE、AE和Yimusake组均较ED组显著升高(P<0.001),nNOS表达量在COE、AE和Yimusake组较ED组显著升高(P<0.001);与Yimusake组比较,COE和AE组eNOS、nNOS的表达量均无显著性差异(P>0.05),而WE组则显著低于Yimusake组(P<0.001)。结论(1)该ED大鼠模型的发生与其阴茎组织中ET-1表达升高、eNOS及nNOS表达降低相关,提示内皮功能障碍可能是其重要发病机制。(2)伊木萨克提取物及其组合物可通过调控ET-1与nNOS、eNOS水平发挥治疗作用,其中COE的调控作用优于伊木萨克片。
