Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation Ameliorates Preeclampsia-Induced Apoptosis of Placental Trophoblastic Cells Via Inhibiting the Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response

Preeclampsia is a serious obstetric complication.Currently,there is a lack of effective preventive approaches for this disease.Recent studies have identified transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation(taVNS)as a potential novel non-pharmaceutical therapeutic modality for preeclampsia.In this study,we investigated whether taVNS inhibits apoptosis of placental trophoblastic cells through ROS-induced UPR^(mt).Our results showed that taVNS promoted the release of acetylcholine(ACh).ACh decreased the expression of UPR^(mt) by inhibiting the formation of mitochondrial ROS(mtROS),presumably through M3AChR.This reduced the release of pro-apoptotic proteins(cleaved caspase-3,NF-kB-p65,and cytochrome C)and helped preserve the morphological and functional integrity of mitochondria,thus reducing the apoptosis of placental trophoblasts,improving placental function,and relieving preeclampsia.Our study unravels the potential pathophysiological mechanism of preeclampsia.In-depth characterization of the UPR^(mt) is essential for developing more effective therapeutic strategies for preeclampsia targeting mitochondrial function.

Geochemistry and Tectonic Setting of the Eshan Granites in the Southwestern Margin of the Yangtze Plate, Yunnan

The extensive Eshan granites of Yunnan are made up of three intrusive units distin- guished by their field contact relations; in descending order of age they are the Pojiao Unit, the Liizicun Unit and the Mokela Unit. The Pojiao Unit and Luzicun Unit contain petrographically and geochemically similar rocks but contact relationships show that the latter is younger. The Mokela Unit mainly consists of dykes intruding the other two and has petrographic and geochemical differ-ences. Zircon U/Pb dating and zircon crystallization temperature measurements confirm the se- quence of intrusions. Major and trace element analyses suggest that the magmas of the Pojiao Unit granites derived by partial melting of a clay-poor source from the upper crust; the magmas of the Luzicun Unit granites derived by partial melting of upper crust with a small proportion of middle crust accompanied by crystallization of albite which triggered strength reduction. Both magmas mixed and underwent with crustal contamination, assimilation and fractional crystallization. The magmas of the Mokela Unit derived from residual melts and assimilation of argillaceous rocks. A time sequence of melting, intrusion and deformation events is derived from these results and com- pared with other published tectonic models for the evolution of the SW margin of the Yangtze Plate. Magmatism was initiated by exhumation of upper continental crust during which strongly peralu- minous porphyritic biotite monzogranite granites were produced at ca. 854-852 Ma, and the genesis of two-mica granite reflected a later batch of exhumed melts with crustal contamination, assimilation and fractional crystallization at ca. 842 Ma. Finally biotite alkali-feldspar granite and tourmaline granite magmas experienced strong fractional crystallization, emplaced in the cooling stage at ca. 823 Ma, indicating the end of exhumation.

Cutting the Cake of the Emission Cap in the Peer-to-peer Multi-energy Sharing Market

With the development of communication technology and distributed energy resources,trading of carbon emission rights and peer-to-peer energy transactions have become popular research directions on the end-user side.Therefore,a cap-andtrade emission framework with peer-to-peer energy trading is employed in this paper.The emission cap decomposition problem is solved under the circumstances of a multi-energy peer-topeer energy trading market.First,the multi-energy system is introduced in the peer-to-peer energy sharing model.The interaction between the prosumers and the system operator is defined.Then,the total emission cap,set by the operator,is modeled as a constraint.The decomposition of the emission cap is modeled as a cake-cutting game.Finally,the existence and uniqueness of the cake-cutting solution is proven by modeling the game to an equivalent monotone variational inequality problem.The complementary characteristics of multi energy in the market can ensure the utility of prosumers while reducing the total cap.