Consideration of some key issues of carbon market development in China

The global carbon market has developed rapidly with two significant trends of globalization and financialization.Deriving economic interest is a nation driven-force behind the international climate negotiation and carbon market.According to deeply analyzed relationships between the carbon market and the key subjects of the climate negotiation,this article reveals that promoting the development of the global carbon market is one of the core interests of developed nations.Based on the background of international carbon market development and domestic carbon market pilots,four suggestions to the key issues of China's carbon market are provided.The first is that the goal of China's carbon market should be in line with and contribute to the national objectives and policies addressing climate change.The second is that the Chinese carbon market should mainly target the emission reduction of production-sectors,and contribute to their upgradation and transformation.The third is mat the development of the nation-wide carbon market in China should first take the principle of unbalanced regional development into consideration.The fourth is that linking China's carbon market to the international market should keep steps in line with international opening-up of China's financing system.

Global sustainable development report:background,progress,and recommendations

Formulating the GSDR Formulating the GSDR(global sustainable development report) is one of the important achievements initiated by the "Rio +20" summit,and it has received worldwide attention.Nowadays,the international community has made a preliminary consensus on the orientation,key focuses,frameworks,and time schedule of GSDR.But,there are still great divergences in the relationship between GSDR and SDGs/post-MDGs(sustainable development goals/post-2015 development agenda),the GSDR organizational model,and whether countries writing their own national sustainable development report or not.After reviewing the whole process of formulating GSDR,some recommendations for writing GSDR from the Chinese perspective are proposed.The GSDR report should be a science-based and policy-making-oriented assessment report.The GSDR should focus on the priority areas that SDGs/post-MDGs have already identified as core fields. "Limited in number,easy to quantify,and universally applicable" comprehensive assessment indices of sustainable development should be proposed.A GSDR international working group of experts should be established.Countries should be encouraged to formulate the "National Sustainable Development Report" according to their own domestic practices.GSDR should be integrated with the high-level political forum(HLPF).Meanwhile,some suggestions on China's participation in the GSDR process are also proposed.China's 2030 mid-term and long-term national sustainable development goals(CSDGs) based on both the SDGs/post-MDGs and domestic practice are proposed.According to the implementation of national sustainable development goals,China should start the appropriate assessment of the progress and regularly report on the national sustainable development.Chinese scientists should be encouraged to actively participate in the process of GSDR.

Research on challenges and strategies for China's green economy development

The last 20 years have been the fastest economic developing period of China,and China has made great economic achievements through undertaking international industrial transfer.However,undertaking international industrial transfer has brought about severe environmental problems to China and the process of undertaking international industry transfer is also a process of undertaking international transfer of natural resource consumption and environmental pollution.Nowadays,China has the heaviest ecological burden and highest environmental risk in the world,and is gradually losing international competitive advantages among traditional industries.China is facing unprecedented pressure of economic transformation.Besides the advantages like huge domestic demands and abundant civil capital,China faces more challenges in its green economy development.First,China is still in the middle of industrialization and urbanization processes,hence the huge demands for traditional industries will only last 10-15 more years.Meanwhile,China lacks core technologies for transforming traditional industries,which means these industries will have high shut-down risks.Second,the domestic market share for new green industries is limited,since the market is dominated by traditional energy industries.Third,the value of land,water,mineral,and other natural resources is extremely underestimated because the environmental cost is excluded from the enterprises'cost-benefit calculation.China should foster and expand green industries based on domestic demands,and then strive for competitive advantages in the international market in the future.Therefore,China should focus on the following four points in order to promote green industry development:establishing a forced-upgrading-mechanism for traditional industries,an incentive-development-mechanism for new green industries and a TFP-based(total factor productivity based)economic development evaluation system;promoting the integration of new-type urbanization,new emerging industries,and new employments;taking the model of"technology innovating-patent formulating-standard establishing-market guiding"to enhance the global competitiveness of China's new emerging industries;and building green consumption patterns in the whole society.