Background:Soil transmitted helminth(STH)infections still remain a notable health problem in resource-limited countries due to difficulties in the implementation of control measures.In Nigeria for instance,despite sev...Background:Soil transmitted helminth(STH)infections still remain a notable health problem in resource-limited countries due to difficulties in the implementation of control measures.In Nigeria for instance,despite several community-based and provincial reports,national data on prevalence,burdens and risk zones(RZs)for STH infections are lacking.Methods:The present study employed the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)to determine the prevalence,distribution and RZs for STH infections among Nigerian children through a meta-analysis of data published between 1980 and 2015.Pooled prevalence estimate(PPE)was determined by the random-effects model while heterogeneity was evaluated using the Cochran’s Q-test.Results:A total of 18901 of the 34518 Nigerian children aged 0-17 years examined across 19 Nigerian states during the period under review were infected with one or more species of STHs.The overall PPE for STH infections was 54.8%(95%CI:54.2-55.3).PPEs for sub-groups ranged between 13.2%(95%CI:11.5-15.1)and 80.9%(95%CI:80.0-81.7).Highest PPEs for STH infections were observed among children within community settings(59.0%,95%CI:57.7-60.4)and school-aged children(54.9%,95%CI:54.3-55.5).Ascaris lumbricoides was the most prevalent species(44.6%,95%CI:44.0-45.2).Over 36%(15/41)of the studies were published from south-western Nigeria.South-western region was the only high risk zone(HRZ)for STH infections while the rest of the regions were low risk zones(LRZs).Conclusions:STH infections involving Ascaris lumbricoides,Strongyloides stercoralis,Trichuris trichiura and hookworms are highly prevalent across Nigeria.Strategic use of anthelmintics,health education and adequate sanitation,taking into account this epidemiologic information will help in the control of these infections in Nigeria.展开更多
Background:The livestock industry plays a vital role in the economy of Nigeria.It serves as a major source of income and livelihood for majority of Nigerians who are rural settlers and contributes about 5.2%to the Nat...Background:The livestock industry plays a vital role in the economy of Nigeria.It serves as a major source of income and livelihood for majority of Nigerians who are rural settlers and contributes about 5.2%to the National Gross Domestic Product(GDP).Helminths however,cause economic losses due to reductions in milk production,weight gain,fertility and carcass quality.Zoonotic helminths of livestock origin cause health problems in humans.Methods:Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis(PRISMA)guidelines,the prevalence and distribution of helminths of veterinary and zoonotic importance in Nigerian ruminants were determined in a meta-analysis of data published between 1970 and 2016.Data were stratified based on regions,hosts,study periods,sample sizes and study types while helminths were phylogenetically grouped into cestodes,nematodes and trematodes.Results:Data from 44 studies reported across 19 Nigerian states revealed an overall pooled prevalence estimate(PPE)of 7.48%(95%CI:7.38-7.57)for helminths of veterinary and zoonotic importance from a total of 320208 ruminants.We observed a significant variation(P<0.001)between the PPEs range of 1.90%(95%CI:1.78-2.02)and 60.98%(95%CI:58.37-63.55)reported across different strata.High heterogeneity(99.78,95%CI:7.38-7.57)was observed.Strongyloides papillosus was the most prevalent(Prev:32.02%,95%CI:31.01-33.11),while,Fasciola gigantica had the widest geographical distribution.Conclusions:Helminths of veterinary and zoonotic importance are prevalent in ruminants and well distributed across Nigeria.Our findings show that helminths of ruminants may also be possible causes of morbidity in humans and economic losses in the livestock industry in Nigeria.High heterogeneity was observed within studies and the different strata.Good agricultural practices on farms,standard veterinary meat inspection and adequate hygiene and sanitation in abattoirs,farms and livestock markets need to be implemented in Nigeria in order to reduce the economic,public health and veterinary threats due to these helminths.展开更多
基金The author is grateful to the Editor-In-Chief of the Nigerian Journal of Parasitology for making available some of the articles included in the meta-analysis and to Mrs.Juliana Tije for helping in literature search.
文摘Background:Soil transmitted helminth(STH)infections still remain a notable health problem in resource-limited countries due to difficulties in the implementation of control measures.In Nigeria for instance,despite several community-based and provincial reports,national data on prevalence,burdens and risk zones(RZs)for STH infections are lacking.Methods:The present study employed the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)to determine the prevalence,distribution and RZs for STH infections among Nigerian children through a meta-analysis of data published between 1980 and 2015.Pooled prevalence estimate(PPE)was determined by the random-effects model while heterogeneity was evaluated using the Cochran’s Q-test.Results:A total of 18901 of the 34518 Nigerian children aged 0-17 years examined across 19 Nigerian states during the period under review were infected with one or more species of STHs.The overall PPE for STH infections was 54.8%(95%CI:54.2-55.3).PPEs for sub-groups ranged between 13.2%(95%CI:11.5-15.1)and 80.9%(95%CI:80.0-81.7).Highest PPEs for STH infections were observed among children within community settings(59.0%,95%CI:57.7-60.4)and school-aged children(54.9%,95%CI:54.3-55.5).Ascaris lumbricoides was the most prevalent species(44.6%,95%CI:44.0-45.2).Over 36%(15/41)of the studies were published from south-western Nigeria.South-western region was the only high risk zone(HRZ)for STH infections while the rest of the regions were low risk zones(LRZs).Conclusions:STH infections involving Ascaris lumbricoides,Strongyloides stercoralis,Trichuris trichiura and hookworms are highly prevalent across Nigeria.Strategic use of anthelmintics,health education and adequate sanitation,taking into account this epidemiologic information will help in the control of these infections in Nigeria.
文摘Background:The livestock industry plays a vital role in the economy of Nigeria.It serves as a major source of income and livelihood for majority of Nigerians who are rural settlers and contributes about 5.2%to the National Gross Domestic Product(GDP).Helminths however,cause economic losses due to reductions in milk production,weight gain,fertility and carcass quality.Zoonotic helminths of livestock origin cause health problems in humans.Methods:Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis(PRISMA)guidelines,the prevalence and distribution of helminths of veterinary and zoonotic importance in Nigerian ruminants were determined in a meta-analysis of data published between 1970 and 2016.Data were stratified based on regions,hosts,study periods,sample sizes and study types while helminths were phylogenetically grouped into cestodes,nematodes and trematodes.Results:Data from 44 studies reported across 19 Nigerian states revealed an overall pooled prevalence estimate(PPE)of 7.48%(95%CI:7.38-7.57)for helminths of veterinary and zoonotic importance from a total of 320208 ruminants.We observed a significant variation(P<0.001)between the PPEs range of 1.90%(95%CI:1.78-2.02)and 60.98%(95%CI:58.37-63.55)reported across different strata.High heterogeneity(99.78,95%CI:7.38-7.57)was observed.Strongyloides papillosus was the most prevalent(Prev:32.02%,95%CI:31.01-33.11),while,Fasciola gigantica had the widest geographical distribution.Conclusions:Helminths of veterinary and zoonotic importance are prevalent in ruminants and well distributed across Nigeria.Our findings show that helminths of ruminants may also be possible causes of morbidity in humans and economic losses in the livestock industry in Nigeria.High heterogeneity was observed within studies and the different strata.Good agricultural practices on farms,standard veterinary meat inspection and adequate hygiene and sanitation in abattoirs,farms and livestock markets need to be implemented in Nigeria in order to reduce the economic,public health and veterinary threats due to these helminths.
